8 Why the Turing Game Doesn’t Matter

8 Why the Turing Game Doesn’t Matter
Note:xicoli di un progresso improvvisoscenari: 1foom 2 malthusiano (welfare estesi) 3 free style model (diseguaglianza) 4 singularity (rapporto q/p problematico... sembra strano ma l immortalità non è molto richiesta)IA: limiti del Turing testimplicazione del TT superato: non sai con chi parli. face time vs pc time. segnale di curaTT estetico superato. il cheatingcome google cambia il modo di pensarememoria e ricerca. l arte di isolare la searchword

Note | Page: 133

8@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Page: 133

It’s the bumps and delays that will make the rise of smart machines a livable process.
Note:GRADUALITÀ

Yellow highlight | Page: 133

destabilizing
Note:TUTTO DI COLPO

Yellow highlight | Page: 133

progress has been gradual,
Note:IN PASSATO

Yellow highlight | Page: 133

progress is usually good, but gradual progress is usually better.
Note:REGOLA

Yellow highlight | Page: 133

If I were suddenly transported back to medieval times,
Note:SAREI NON IMPIEGABILE

Yellow highlight | Page: 133

I wouldn’t know how to shoe a horse
Note:IGNORANZA

Yellow highlight | Page: 133

work a water wheel

Yellow highlight | Page: 133

conduct a church service in Latin.

Yellow highlight | Page: 134

I’ll have a much easier time handling the iPhone 6
Note:MOLTO PIÙ FACILE X ME

Yellow highlight | Page: 134

The Long Run
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 134

Eliezer Yudkowsky,
Note:FOOM

Yellow highlight | Page: 134

We wake up one day and find that a super-intelligent machine has taken over the world,
Note:Y...IL PIÙ RADICALE...FOOM

Yellow highlight | Page: 134

The Terminator.
Note:Tipo

Yellow highlight | Page: 134

Eliezer fears a cascade.
Note:SVILUPPO IPERBOLICO

Yellow highlight | Page: 134

it will create other programs, which in turn will create other capabilities.
Note:SEMPRE PIÙ INTELLIGENTI

Yellow highlight | Page: 134

explode exponentially

Yellow highlight | Page: 134

the evidence so far doesn’t suggest this kind of unstable cascade
Note:ORA

Yellow highlight | Page: 135

The idea sounds, well, silly. The programs show no signs of “thinking for themselves,”
Note:SCIOCCHEZZA?

Yellow highlight | Page: 135

progress is gradual and piecemeal rather than a result of exponential capabilities that explode overnight.
Note:LA METAFORA SCACCHISTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 135

a Malthusian world where human laborers will struggle to earn subsistence.
Note:ALTRA DISTIPIA...ESPROPRIATI

Yellow highlight | Page: 135

Robin Hanson,
Note:HA CONSIDERATO L IPOTESI

Yellow highlight | Page: 135

Economic Growth Given Machine Intelligence.”
Note:IL LAVORO

Yellow highlight | Page: 136

smart machines can do all the tasks of humans.
Note:IL MONDO IMMAGINATO

Yellow highlight | Page: 136

It’s even possible that the machines will be cheaper than the level of subsistence wages.
Note:SE...

Yellow highlight | Page: 136

workers must live off charity

Yellow highlight | Page: 136

The machines are still owned by someone,
Note:LA POVERTÀ NN È X TUTTI

Yellow highlight | Page: 136

If just about everyone has a stake in the machines, this could be a utopia rather than a dystopia.
Note:E SE TUTTI AVESSIMO DELLE AZIONI?

Yellow highlight | Page: 136

the government owns a share in the machines

Note | Page: 136

ALTERNATIVA

Yellow highlight | Page: 136

support the remaining poor, who did not buy machines in time
Note:RUOLO DEL GOVERNO

Yellow highlight | Page: 136

much as many people live off of oil wealth in some of the less populated petro-states.
Note:STATI PETROLIFERI

Yellow highlight | Page: 136

downward pressure on many kinds of wages
Note:A PARTE LE RADICALIZZAZIONI

Yellow highlight | Page: 136

Robin’s analysis might apply to the very long run,
Note:CENTO ANNI

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

the next fifty years or longer, the Freestyle model is more applicable.
Note:PIÙ REALISTICO

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

machines will replace some laborers and augment the value of others
Note:IN TEMPI PIÙ VICINI

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

Ray Kurzweil’s vision of a machine intelligence “Singularity.”
Note:LO SCENARIO PIÙ SINGOLARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

the capacity to scan brains and upload them into computers.
Note:A BREVE

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

many copies of each “person”
Note:IL NUOVO NUOVO ONDO

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

with the multiple copies making the “person” hard to wipe out,
Note:RESILIENZA...CON IL POTENZIAMENTO CONTINUEREMO A INVESTIRE SU NOI STESSI

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

within the next fifty years,
Note:PREVISIONE DI K

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

I suspect this will never be viable,

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

human brain is so intimately connected to the human body,
Note:SCETTICISMO

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

scientists are learning how much our brain relies on our stomach (“thinking with your gut”
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

That means “brain emulation” requires building a whole working body
Note:CONTINUA SCETTICISMO

Yellow highlight | Page: 137

not just an abstract, digitalized “brain in a vat.”

Yellow highlight | Page: 138

Economic incentives, namely the drive to produce effective man–machine teams, will direct the attention of innovators to produce machines that complement human intelligence, not machines that capture or mimic it.
Note:MEGLIO UN COMPLEMENTO CHE N ALTERNATIVA

Yellow highlight | Page: 138

demand for immortality
Note:L UNOCA DIFFERENZA

Yellow highlight | Page: 138

indirect immortality does not have a strong enough psychological pull
Note:DIFETTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 138

They are about worlds that we cannot today control, influence, or even visualize clearly.
Note:QS IPOTESI ESTREME

Yellow highlight | Page: 138

They are somewhat like religious allegories,

Yellow highlight | Page: 138

they are a kind of religion for computer nerds.
Note:SCENARI LIQUIDATI

Yellow highlight | Page: 139

Man–Machine Convergence
Note:Ttttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 139

Some commentators attach great weight to whether intelligent machines can pass a Turing test.
Note:MISURARE LA COVERG UOMO MACCHINA

Yellow highlight | Page: 139

benchmark for when we can call a machine truly intelligent.
Note:TT

Yellow highlight | Page: 139

mixed results
Note:AD OGGI

Yellow highlight | Page: 140

At a recent tech festival in India, Techniche 2011, a program called Cleverbot
Note:SUPERATO IL TT CONVERSAZIONALE

Yellow highlight | Page: 140

Of the voting audience, 59.3 percent judged the computer program to be a human, whereas 63.3 percent judged the conversing humans to be human.

Yellow highlight | Page: 140

radically polyglot society, such as India, where dozens of different languages are spoken, malapropisms are relatively common,
Note:FORSE AVVANTAGGIATI DAL CONTESTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 141

Turing test seems to be more of a curiosity
Note:MA È RILEVANTE IL TT?

Yellow highlight | Page: 141

“Inability to imitate does not rule out intelligence.”
Note:OGGI È CERTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 141

He considers whether a man can imitate a machine rather than vice versa. Of course the answer is no,
Note:ANCHE L UOMO NN SA IMITATE LA MACCHINA...SIAMO FORSE MENO INTELLIGENTI?

Yellow highlight | Page: 141

We are warned that imitation cannot be the fundamental standard or marker of intelligence.

Yellow highlight | Page: 141

Turing was gay.
Note:UN INTERPRETAZ DEL TT PARTENDO DAL PERSONALE

Yellow highlight | Page: 141

chemical castration and led to his suicide.
Note:PERSECIZIONI

Yellow highlight | Page: 141

he proved unable to consistently “pass” for straight.
Note:MAI SUPERATO IL TT DELLA NORMALITÀ

Yellow highlight | Page: 142

It has also been speculated that Turing was autistic or had Asperger’s syndrome,
Note:ALTRA VIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 142

In public school he was judged to be “ludicrously behind” with “the worst” writing ever encountered,
Note:UMILIAZIONI SUBITE A SCUOLA

Yellow highlight | Page: 142

Turing failed to imitate the people he met in mainstream British society.
Note:IL DIVERSO CHE NN RIESCE AD IMITARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 142

many human beings, intelligent and of mature age, could not pass
Note:ANCHE MOLTI UOMINI NN PASSANO IL TT

Yellow highlight | Page: 142

Some autistics provide examples,

Yellow highlight | Page: 142

Many answers from autistic individuals might seem “off” to the judging panel,

Yellow highlight | Page: 142

the limitations of imitation
Note:IL CONCETTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 143

It’s interesting to see how Cleverbot convinces a lot of people
Note:COME

Yellow highlight | Page: 143

you will think that is a human who just spent some time smoking pot,
Note:CLEAVERBOT

Yellow highlight | Page: 144

Turing himself commonly served up unusual responses in dialogue. One BBC radio producer doubted Turing’s ability to communicate
Note:PROBLEMI COMUNICATIVI

Yellow highlight | Page: 144

conversations generated by computers.
Note:ASCOLTARE T

Yellow highlight | Page: 144

Convergence isn’t needed.
Note:CONCLUSIONI SUL RAPPORTO UOMO MACCHINA

Yellow highlight | Page: 144

a machine will be most effective, cognitively speaking, when it does something other than imitate
Note:EFFICIENZA...GIÀ DETTO NEL PAPER DI T

Yellow highlight | Page: 144

That day will be a nonevent

Note | Page: 144

IL GIORNO IN CUI UNA MACCHINA SUPERAERÀ

Yellow highlight | Page: 144

the competition for your attention will become more fierce. Take online dating.
Note:PRIMA CONSEG...DATING...MI INTERESSA VERAMENTE CHI C È DALL ALTRA PARTE?

Yellow highlight | Page: 145

it will be my bot judging your bot in a bot-on-bot email dialogue.
Note:PRESA DI CONTATTO TRA PROTESI...FUNZIONA ANCHE SENZA RICONOSCIMENTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 145

If my bot likes your bot I might like you too,

Yellow highlight | Page: 145

park encounters are sometimes mediated by how well the dogs of the two parties get along.
Note:ANALOGIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 145

the word “I”
Note:INCISI...PAROLE DA EVITARE IN UN INCONTRO ROMANTICO

Yellow highlight | Page: 145

uses the pronoun “you”
Note:BENE

Yellow highlight | Page: 145

avoids usage of leisure words
Note:Male

Yellow highlight | Page: 145

words such as “relationship” and “helpful.”
Note:OK

Yellow highlight | Page: 145

Or say you’re a professor holding online office hours:
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 145

you won’t know who is really responding.
Note:ANCHE QUI

Yellow highlight | Page: 145

Online therapy—or therapy in Second Life—is already popular, and at some point the therapist may disappear.
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 146

In short, there will be no end to the number of questions that are asked and answered once the Turing test is cracked,
Note:IN BREVE

Yellow highlight | Page: 146

This proliferation of questions may force real people out of the business of asking and answering questions,

Yellow highlight | Page: 146

“Face time” will become all the more important as a signal of actual interest and caring, because “computer time” will be too easy to replicate through the bots.
Note:FACE TIME

Yellow highlight | Page: 146

computer programs that can pass aesthetic Turing tests, so to speak. Computers are composing music,
Note:ESISTONO

Yellow highlight | Page: 146

Computers not only play chess but now judge the aesthetic qualities

Yellow highlight | Page: 146

robots that produce sketches of human faces.

Yellow highlight | Page: 146

skills of computers will be used for outright cheating,
Note:IL PERICOLO

Yellow highlight | Page: 147

Sébastien Feller, Cyril Marzolo, and Arnaud Hauchard,
Note:SQUADRA SCACCHISTI FRANCESI ACCUSATI DI TRADIRE

Yellow highlight | Page: 148

The cheating once took a very different form.
Note:Tttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 148

the trick was to sneak a human chess player inside a machine
Note:NELL OTOCENTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 148

Mechanical Turk,
Note:IL CASO

Yellow highlight | Page: 148

from 1770 until its destruction by fire in 1854,
Note:PERIODO D ORO

Yellow highlight | Page: 148

designed to impress Queen Maria Theresa of Austria,

Yellow highlight | Page: 148

now the cheaters are humans who sneak the machine
Note:OGGI

Yellow highlight | Page: 149

Wolfgang von Kempelen, the original designer
Note:DEL MECH TURK

Yellow highlight | Page: 150

Ken’s method is likely to catch the chronic crook, but it will not detect a grandmaster who cheats only at one critical turning
Note:KE REAGAN...CACCIATORE DI SCACCHISTI IMBROGLIONI CHE CONSULTANO LA MACCHINA

Yellow highlight | Page: 150

Most of this book is about the evolution of the machines, but people will change too.
Note:Tttttttt L EVOLUZ DELL UOMO DOVUTA ALLA MACCHINA

Yellow highlight | Page: 151

we are outsourcing some parts of our brain to mechanical devices
Note:OUTSOURCING

Yellow highlight | Page: 151

we have focused more on the skills that the machines can’t bring us.
Note:RISPOSTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 151

Memory and “Search”
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 151

call up the reference department of the public library in Hackensack,
Note:X AVERE UNA NOTIZIA...IERI

Yellow highlight | Page: 151

preferring to start—and often finish—with Google or other methods of search, such as Twitter or apps.
Note:OGGI

Yellow highlight | Page: 151

We also don’t memorize so many phone numbers
Note:OGGI

Yellow highlight | Page: 151

systematic evidence about how Google changes our mental capacities,

Yellow highlight | Page: 151

ability—or at least willingness—to remember facts.
Note:IN CALO

Yellow highlight | Page: 152

people who manage accounts became less skilled at some memory functions
Note:A QUANTO PARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 152

“science of memory,”
Note:NEI TEMPI CHE FURONO

Yellow highlight | Page: 152

remembering numbers, people’s names, sequences of numbers,

Yellow highlight | Page: 152

back as ancient Greece, and it flourished during medieval

Yellow highlight | Page: 152

Joshua Foer
Note:UNO SPECIALISTA DELLA MATERIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 152

“method of loci,”
Note:UN METODO

Yellow highlight | Page: 152

USA Memory Championship

Yellow highlight | Page: 152

The point was to make your ideas “searchable,”
Note:QUEL CHE CONTA NN È MEMORIZZARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 153

algorithmic nature of the memory
Note:QUEL CHE BISOGNA CONOSCERE

Yellow highlight | Page: 153

art of knowing the right search words.
Note:L ARTE DELLA STRINGA

Yellow highlight | Page: 153

Google
Note:NO MEMORIZZAZIONE...SÌ ARTE DELLA MEMORIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 153

algorithmic path toward greater knowledge was an obsession
Note:NELLA STORIA DELLA CULTURA

Yellow highlight | Page: 153

Kabbalah,

Yellow highlight | Page: 153

medieval scholastics,

Yellow highlight | Page: 153

Isaac Newton and Johannes Kepler.

Yellow highlight | Page: 153

Frances Yates’s 1966 book The Art of Memory

Yellow highlight | Page: 153

the art and science of search.

Note | Page: 153

UNA MATERIA ANTICA DIVENUTA DI COLPO MODERNA

Yellow highlight | Page: 153

critics such as Nicholas Carr have alleged, that we are becoming stupider.
Note:L ACCUSA A GOOGLE SULLA PERDITA DI MEMORIA SEMBRA INFONDATA...È CAMBIATO L USO CHE NE FACCIAMO

Yellow highlight | Page: 154

we have become much better at searching for answers, and that too is a skill.
Note:GRAZIE GOOGLE

Yellow highlight | Page: 154

I often remember how I can best search for a fact.
Note:ANZICHÈ RICORDARE UN FATTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 154

through my blog,
Note:LA PALESTRA

Yellow highlight | Page: 154

Gmail account,

Yellow highlight | Page: 154

I also have developed a good sense of when it is better to search through Google and when it is better to search through Twitter;
Note:SVILUPPO DELL INTUIZIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 154

It’s already clear that the genius machines do very well at brute calculation,
Note:ALTRE COMPONENTI DEL CERVELLO APPALTATE

Yellow highlight | Page: 154

The pocket calculator
Note:FENOMENO ANTICO

Yellow highlight | Page: 154

where humanity is headed.
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 155

we will become more like computers—well,
Note:ALCUNI DI NOI SI ARRICCHIRANNO COMPRENDENDO LE MACCHINE

Yellow highlight | Page: 155

when it comes to our private lives, we will become less like computers, because we rely on computers for many basic functions,
Note:MA D ALTRO CANTO LA PRESENZA DI COMP VALORIZZA IL LATO OPPOSTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 155

we will become more intuitive, more attuned to the psychology and emotions
Note:PIÙ SENSIBILI

Yellow highlight | Page: 155

The Machine’s Place
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 155

when it comes to chess we humans don’t seem to care when the machines play each other.
Note:IN REALTÀ LE MACCHINE CI INTERESSANO POCO

Yellow highlight | Page: 155

Hardly anyone is watching or talking about the computer vs. computer

Yellow highlight | Page: 155

Martin wanted to find sponsors to help him cover the electricity bills but no one was interested,
Note:ORGANIZZARE TORNEI TRA COMP

Yellow highlight | Page: 156

Despite the humans on the teams, even Freestyle chess isn’t very popular,
Note:ANCHE L UOMO MACCHINA INTERESSA POCO

Yellow highlight | Page: 156

Limited spectator interest has meant that Freestyle tournaments have been online only,
Note:PROVA

Yellow highlight | Page: 157

It seems we care more about drama than about perfection.
Note:NELLA COMPETIZIONE...MEGLIO UOMINI CON I LORO ERRORI

Yellow highlight | Page: 157

enjoy watching the computers indicate when the human contestants are making a mistake.
Note:QUEL CHE CI PIACE DEI PC

Yellow highlight | Page: 157

Ken Jennings
Note:VS IL PC

Yellow highlight | Page: 157

Garry Kasparov’s

Yellow highlight | Page: 157

there was no hope of psyching out the computer or probing for its emotional weaknesses
Note:KASPAROV E JENNINGS HANNO TENTATO INVANO TECNICHE PSICO X SPIAZZARE IL LORO AVVERSARIO PC

Yellow highlight | Page: 158

We wish genius machines to serve our practical ends,
Note:FINI PRATICI E BASTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 158

spheres of life that structure our narratives,
Note:VIA DA QUI

Yellow highlight | Page: 158

We’re determined to “keep them in their place.”
Note:CHE IL PC STIA AL SUO POSTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 158

reluctant to consult the wisdom of machine intelligence when it comes to our personal lives,
Note:DATING ONLINE

Yellow highlight | Page: 158

romantic decisions

Yellow highlight | Page: 158

our medications.

Yellow highlight | Page: 158

business or negotiating advice
Note:MA ANCHE

Yellow highlight | Page: 158

we won’t be as interested in the music they compose,
ARTI...IL TT CONTA POCO...MTRUFFE A PARTE