4 GOD ATONED FOR OUR WRONGDOING - Was Jesus God? Richard Swinburne - reazionealpeccato maleoggettivoesoggettivo asseereditario iquattroassidelperdono analogiadellapromessascordata perdonoindebito espiazionepercontoterzi? acheservelaperfezionedigesù? significatobattesimo
4Read more at location 929
Note: Dio s' incarna x redimere i ns peccati. Come puó essere possibile tutto ciò? Teoria del peccato: colpe oggettive e soggettive; le 4 condizioni x espiare un peccato (scuse pentimento risarcimento pena) Perdono: atteggiamento interiore che consiste nel trattare chi ci ha offeso come se nn lo avesse fatto. Richiede almeno scuse e pentimento qualora il risarcimento nn sia possibile (concedere un xdono alla leggera offende chi ci ha offeso poichè lo si tratta da irresponsabile) Teoria del peccato originale: l' imperfezione è nella ns natura (eredità ancestrale). Invidia e inganno x soddisfare i ns bisogni immediati a spese altrui. I ns antenati dovevano espiare e nn lhanno fatto, noi traiamo il bene della vita da loro ma ereditiamo anche i loro debiti L' incarnazione redime i paccati, ma come? Se prendo un' impegno, vengo pagato e dilaziono l' esecuzione, dopodichè nn eseguo magari x' ho un incidente, come posso riparare? Per esempio, chiedendo scusa pentendomi e pagando x quel che posso un terzo che si presta a fornire il servizio rinunciando alla differenza. A qs condizioni il xdono è sensato. Allo stesso modo l' incarnazione rende sensato il perdono. L' impego è la vita xfetta. Edit
expect God to become incarnate. 4 GOD ATONED FOR OUR WRONGDOINGRead more at location 929
Wronging God is called ‘sinning’. God needed to react to human sin.Read more at location 931
one way in which he could react is by providing atonement for that sin. It is in this way, Christianity claims, that he did react.Read more at location 932
there are two sorts of good actions: obligatory actions and supererogatory good actions.Read more at location 935
When we fail in our obligations, we wrong those to whom we had or believed we had the obligation.Read more at location 937
I wrong you objectively if I do not repay the money which I borrowed from you,Read more at location 938
I wrong you subjectively if I believe that I have borrowed money from you and do not repay it.Read more at location 939
By objective wrongdoing, I acquire what I shall call objective guilt; and by subjective wrongdoing I acquire what I shall call subjective guilt. Obviously, subjective guilt is the worse kind of guiltRead more at location 941
objective guilt matters also. If I have not repaid money I owe you, there is still something amiss with me even if I have forgotten about my debt; and it needs to be dealt with.Read more at location 943
Atonement has four components: repentance, apology, reparation, and penance,Read more at location 947
Atonement has four components: repentance, apology, reparation, and penance,Read more at location 947
The process is completed when the wronged person (or victim), agrees to treat the wrongdoer, in so far as he can, as one who has not wronged him; and to do that is to forgive him.Read more at location 957
It is, however, bad, I suggest, to treat someone who has wronged you seriously and yet does not even attempt to make a sincere apology as one who has not wronged you. It is not to take his hostile stance towards you seriously; it is to treat him as a child not responsible for his actions.Read more at location 963
Now it is, I suggest, an obvious general fact that almost all humans have wronged God, directly and indirectly; that is, all have sinned. We wrong him directly when we fail to pay him proper worship.Read more at location 969
We wrong him indirectly when we wrong any of his creatures, the humans and animals whom he has created.Read more at location 971
If I hit your child, I wrong you, for I damage a person on whom you have exercised your loving care. Such wronging is actual sin—Read more at location 973
But there is more to our bad condition than mere actual sin. There is an element inherited from our ancestors and ultimately from our first human ancestor,Read more at location 977
desires to seek our immediate well-being in lesser respects at the expense of othersRead more at location 981
This inheritance is partly ‘social’. If our parents behave badly, that influences us to behave badly. But the inheritance is also genetic. We inherit our ancestors’ genes,Read more at location 982
(For example, if boys smoke a lot before puberty, that affects their genes in such a way that their children tend to be more obese than they would be otherwise.Read more at location 985
We are indebted to our ancestors for our life and so many of the good things which come to us.Read more at location 989
We who have inherited from them so much positive good have inherited also a debt. Even the English law requires that before you can claim what you inherit from your dead parents you must pay their debts.Read more at location 992
How can someone else help us to make atonement? ‘No one can atone for the sins of another.’Read more at location 1001
If I steal $100 from John and you give him an equivalent sum, he has not lost money; but it remains the case that I still owe $100 to John. But one human can help another to make the necessary atonement—can persuade him to repent, help him to formulate the words of an apology, and give him the means by which to make reparation and penance.Read more at location 1003
So what would be a proper reparation (and penance) for us to offer to God if someone else provided the means of reparation?Read more at location 1005
A proper offering would be a perfect human life which might well—I argued in Chapter 3—end in a death by execution, which we can offer to God as our reparation.Read more at location 1007
But it is up to the wronged person to deem when a sufficient reparation has been made;Read more at location 1009
I argued in Chapter 3 that God had an obligation to lead a human life of suffering, in order to show solidarity with our suffering. In that life he could do no wrong. But he would have no obligation to live a perfect lifeRead more at location 1011
Suppose that I owe you some service; for example, suppose that I have promised to clean your house and that you have already paid me to do this. Suppose also that I have spent the money but omitted to clean the house at the promised time, and that I have now had an accident which makes me unable to clean the house. Clearly I owe you repentance and apology; but I must also try to get someone else to clean the house. Even if you don’t badly need the house to be cleaned, you may think it important that I should be involved in getting it cleaned; it matters that I should take responsibility for what I have omitted to do. So you may encourage a third person to offer to me to clean the house on my behalf. If I accept this offer, I am involved in providing the reparation; and when the house is cleared, you can forgive me.Read more at location 1019
God the Son became incarnate as Jesus ‘for us humans and for our salvationRead more at location 1026
There is in Christian tradition no one agreed account of the doctrine of the Atonement, that is, of how Jesus by his life and deathRead more at location 1028
becoming incarnate and living a perfect human life in Jesus, God provided an act of reparation of which we can avail ourselves.Read more at location 1032
Or, more precisely, we have sinned against God the Father, our ultimate creator; and it is God the Son who makes available the reparation.Read more at location 1034
My account coincides with the account of the Atonement which is given both by the Letter to the Hebrews, which is the book of the New Testament which gives the fullest account of this doctrine, and also by St Thomas Aquinas, the medieval thinker who has influenced so much of the subsequent theology of Western Christendom.Read more at location 1035
The Nicene Creed affirms belief in ‘one baptism’ (that is, a non-repeatable ceremony) ‘for the forgiveness of sins’. At their baptism, wrote St Paul (in his New Testament book the Letter to the Romans 6: 3), Christians are baptized into the death of Jesus. When adults are baptized, they ask God to accept the life and death of Jesus as their reparation for sin.Read more at location 1049
If I steal your money, you have no obligation to me to help me cope with the consequences. But it might be generous of you to do so. So, although not obligatory, would it be the unique best action for God to do, to live a perfect human lifeRead more at location 1058
l
