PERCHE' NON SI DONA AI GOVERNI?

DOMANDA: perché la gente non fa donazioni a favore del governo? Perché è egoista? Perché non si fida?

RISPOSTA: perché non si fida!

https://feedly.com/i/entry//cnXVr/5HNe2pDqTI3udBeVx4AbJSW9TNhacAl8h6Dc=_16f949e3fa8:1923d6b:f1587c15

1) Ci si chiede: perché le donazioni a favore del governo sono così poche? a quanto pare, quando si tratta di fare del bene, ci sono sempre alternative migliori.

2) Eppure, ci sono miliardari come Warren Buffett che chiedono di essere tassate di più. ma non lo sa Buffett che esiste un IBAN governativo a cui puo' spedire i suoi soldi? In effetti non sono molte persone a farlo. Ma perché?

3) Possibili risposte: 1) perchè siamo egoisti; 2) perché se vuoi aiutare qualcuno ci sono modi migliori e più efficientiper farlo che non rivolgendosi al governo.

4) La prima spiegazione non spiega molto: la gente fa molta beneficienza.

5) Obiezione: ma qui si ignora il dilemma del prigioniero. Ci sono i noti problemi dell'azione collettiva, per esempio, nella fornitura di beni pubblici. Alcune cose ha senso farle solo se le fanno tutti.

6) Risposta: nulla di tutto ciò spiega perché, tra gli oltre $ 300 miliardi che gli americani danno in beneficenza, il governo americano raccoglie solo $ 3 milioni. Lo 0.01. Forse che gli "altri" non soffrono il "dilemma"? Sono nelle medesime condizioni, ma fanno infinitamente meglio.

7) Con un marketing migliore il governo potrebbe fare molto meglio... tipo passare dallo 0.001 all'1%!

beneficienza internazionale e domestica

Se un CEO che guadagna 100 volte il reddito di un cittadino medio dovrebbe donare di più in beneficenza nazionale, i molti cittadini che guadagnano 100 volte il reddito dei poveri internazionali dovrebbero donare di più in beneficenza internazionale.

Già ma un euro del Berlusca lo danneggia meno rispetto a un euro che sce dal mio portafoglio (rendimento decrescente RD). Vero ma RD implica che il mio euro produce più bene.

E poi: una volta che guadagni 50.000 euro aggiungere qualche euro non fa molta differenza (sempre per RD).

Prendere dal Berlusca è meno produttivo che prendere da me poiché nel primo caso è più probabile che si dirottino risorse da investimenti produttivi.

LA BENEFICIENZA DEI RICCONI

LA BENEFICIENZA DEI RICCONI

Molti sono “contro”, pensano debba essere limitata, addirittura impedita. Perché? Le risposte sono molte, tutte poco convincenti.

1) Perché questi ricconi hanno troppo potere!

Ok, ma criticarli quando fanno del bene non è comunque efficace. La gente si indigna quando Zuckerberg compra una casa da 10 milioni di dollari, non quando dona ai poveri dell’Africa 100 milioni di dollari.

2) Perché fa parte della nostra lotta contro le diseguaglianze.

Ad oggi Gates ha salvato 100 milioni di vite, rinunciare alla sua azione è davvero un prezzo che pagheresti pur di nobilitare la “tua” lotta alle diseguaglianze?

3) E’ un’attività con la quale i ricconi si fanno belli.

Non direi. Leggete le reazioni a certe iniziative filantropiche, almeno la metà sono negative. L’adulazione è altra cosa.

4) Si tratta di filantropia poco trasparente, meglio che paghino le tasse e gestisca il governo.

Ma siete davvero sicuri che quei fondi in mano al governo siano poi destinati agli ultimi del mondo? Io credo di no: quando il governo ha in mano qualcosa di solito lo spende in favore di chi lo vota o potrebbe votarlo.

5) Anche il governo fa filantropia!

Ci sono gli aiuti internazionali, vero. Di solito però non li delibera partendo dalla domanda “come posso fasre la differenza in vite umane?”. I ricconi non solo se la pongono ma assumono i massimi esperti per rispondere.

6) La scelta democratica avrà parecchi difetti ma per lo meno rappresenta la scelta del popolo.

Capisco che in qualche senso molto debole il governo mi rappresenti, ma si tratta di un “senso” talmente debole che dire che non mi rappresenta affatto è la stessa cosa.

7) Se non sei d’accordo con il governo, impegnati a cambiarlo!

Quindi io per salvare un bambino che muore di fame dovrei con la potenza del mio voto cambiare governo quando invece potrei fare un bonifico? Te lo scordi!

8) Questi ricconi con le loro elargizioni mastodontiche minacciano il pluralismo!

E’ un ragionamento difficile da seguire, infatti c’è più pluralismo in un’iniziativa personale che in qualsiasi altro fenomeno politico.

9) E Soros?

Soros è da sempre impegnato nella difesa di migranti e rifugiati. La cosa crea grattacapi all’Italia salviniana? Ce la si prenda con lo stato che non fornisce gli strumenti idonei alla salvaguardia dei confini, non con chi dà una mano ai più deboli. Soros non usa le corazzate.

Eccetera.

https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/12/17/18141181/foundation-charity-deduction-democracy-rob-reich


https://feedly.com/i/entry/ty+AzTYZ3TUuMuPycOdkUNamwQCXNpDbajbdLnbrc5c=_16c4084f521:684cdad:561e4df6

12 Charity

12 Charity
Note:12@@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,436

If you notice a boy drowning in a shallow pond right in front of you, you have a moral obligation to try to rescue him.
Note:L OBBLIGO DI SINGER

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,439

you have the exact same moral obligation to rescue children in developing countries who are dying of starvation,
Note:LA PARTE COMTROVERSA DI SINGER

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,440

The fact that they aren’t dying right in your backyard isn’t justification
Note:IRRILEVANTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,443

every time we take a vacation, buy an expensive car, or remodel the house, it’s morally equivalent to letting people die right in front of us.
Note:IMPLICAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,445

through college in America, you could instead save the lives of more than 50 children
Note:EQUIVALENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,447

everyday human hypocrisy
Note:COSA EVIDENZIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,453

EFFECTIVE ALTRUISM

Note | Location: 3,453

TTTTTTTTTTT

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,455

In 2006, Holden Karnofsky and Elie Hassenfeld
Note:INIZIATORI DEL MOVIMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,460

In financial terms, they were looking to maximize their return on investment (ROI)
Note:ANCHE QUANDO SI DONA...ROD RETURN OF DONATION

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,463

Some simply sent glossy brochures with photos of smiling children
Note:LA RISPOSTA DELLE ONLUS

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,464

(Take a moment to consider why a philanthropist might want to keep a “trade secret.”)
Note:LA DOMANDA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,469

in 2007, they decided to leave their jobs and start GiveWell,
Note:ALLA FINE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,478

The Against Malaria Foundation,
Note:CLASSIFICA DI GIVE WELL...1

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,479

GiveDirectly,
Note:2

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,480

The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative,
Note:3

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,481

These are hardly the most popular or paradigmatic charities.
Note:MARAVIGLIA!!!!!

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,482

United Way, Salvation Army, or Make-A-Wish Foundation, for example.
Note:MOLTO PIÙ GETTONATE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,487

ignore charities that try to effect more nebulous (political or cultural) changes.
Note:LA CRITICA A GW

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,490

when we start to look at real-world altruism, helping people efficiently doesn’t seem to be our top priority.
Note:AMARA CONSTATAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,491

REAL-WORLD ALTRUISM
Note:Tttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,492

Nine out of 10 of us donate to charity every year.
Note:USA...UN POPOLO GENEROSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,493

donations amounted to more than $359 billion—roughly 2 percent of the country’s GDP.
Note:NEL 2014

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,517

The striking thing about real-world altruism is how sharply it deviates from effective altruism.
Note:IL FATTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,517

The main recipients of American charity are religious groups and educational institutions.
Note:BENEFICIARI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,520

no more than 13 percent11 of private American charity goes to helping those who seem to need it most: the global poor.
Note:13

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,525

only 35 percent do research on any charitable gift in the course of a calendar year.
Note:L EFFICIENZA CONTA MA NN VIENE CONTROLLATA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,527

•Only 3 percent of donors do comparative research
Note:Cccccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,530

“British people had donated over £1 billion to the Princess of Wales charity, long before the newly established charity had any idea what the donations
Note:DOPO LA MORTE DI DIANA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,533

One study, for example, asked participants how much they would agree to pay for nets that prevent migratory bird deaths. Some participants were told that the nets would save 2,000 birds annually, others were told 20,000 birds, and a final group was told 200,000 birds. But despite the 10- and 100-fold differences in projected impact, people in all three groups were willing to contribute the same amount.
Note:TIPICO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,537

scope neglect or scope insensitivity,
Note:BATTESIMO DEL BIAS

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,540

People also prefer to “diversify” their donations, making many small donations rather than a few strategic large ones to the most useful charities.
Note:ALTRA PREFERENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,546

Giving $3,500 to the Against Malaria Foundation will save a whole human life, while the same amount divided across 100 different charities might go entirely to waste,

Note | Location: 3,547

IRRAZIONALE MA ANCHE DANNJOSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,549

wealthy people often perform unskilled volunteer work (and are celebrated for it), even when their time is worth vastly more on the open market.
Note:ALTRO MISPLACEMENT

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,558

“WARM GLOW” THEORY
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,561

Andreoni theorized, we do charity in part because of a selfish psychological motive: it makes us happy.
Note:TEORIE ALTERNATIVE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,566

Making automatic payments to a single charity may be more efficient at improving the lives of others, but the other strategy—giving more widely, opportunistically, and in smaller amounts—is more efficient at generating those warm fuzzy feelings.
Note:UN CONFRONTO...ARGOMENTO CHE SPIEGA LA DIVERSIFICAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,570

why it feels good when we donate to charity.
Note:RESTA UN GAP

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,573

Visibility.
Note:FATTORI CHE INFLUENZANO LA NOSTRA INCLINAZIONE A DARE...1

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,574

Peer pressure.
Note:2

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,575

Proximity.
Note:3

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,576

Relatability. We give more when the people we help are identifiable (via faces and/or stories)
Note:4

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,578

Mating motive.
Note:5

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,580

VISIBILITY
Note:Ttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,581

we give more when we’re being watched.
Note:DI COSA PARLIAMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,583

people donate significantly more when the solicitor makes eye contact
Note:SIAMO VISTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,584

People also give more when the solicitor can see their donations,
Note:INOLTRE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,588

That’s why they commemorate donors with plaques,
Note:I FILANTROPI LO SANNO BENE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,592

Even blood donors typically walk away with a sticker that says, “I gave blood today.”
Note:ALTRO CASO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,596

Anonymous donation, for example, is extremely rare.
Note:L 1 PER CENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,600

“They were well known within their social circle . . . even though their names may not have been splashed across the newspapers.
Note:ANCHE GLI ANONIMI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,606

Not surprisingly, the vast majority of donations to such campaigns fall exactly at the lower end of each tier.
Note:DA 500 A 900 SOCIO... Da 1000 A 2000

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,608

PEER PRESSURE
Note:TTttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,610

First of all, solicitation works:
Note:ROMPERE LE BALLE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,611

up to 95 percent of all donations are given in response to a solicitation.
Note:Cccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,612

In-person solicitations, like when someone comes to your door or passes the collection plate at church, work better than impersonal solicitations
Note:CONTATTO VISIVO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,617

Universities, for example, often solicit donations from alumni by having other alumni from the same class call them up.
Note:UN CASO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,627

PROXIMITY

Note | Location: 3,627

Ttttttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,629

Remember the drowning boy in Peter Singer’s thought experiment?
Note:UN CLASSICO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,631

Jonathan Baron and Ewa Szymanska call this bias parochialism.
Note:STUDIOSI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,635

only an estimated 13 percent ($39 billion) went to help foreigners.
Note:DONAZIONO USA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,638

We treat close family better than friends, and friends better than strangers
Note:UN TRATTO INELIMINABILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,640

RELATABILITY
Note:Tttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,641

we’re much more likely to help someone we can identify—a specific individual with a name,
Note:IDENTIFICATI IDENTIFICATI I ROTAGONISTI...CON UNA STORIA ALLE SPALLE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,644

identifiable victim effect.
Note:BATTESIMO DEL FENOMENO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,645

“A single death is a tragedy; a million deaths is a statistic.”
Note:PAROLA DI STALN

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,649

Liz’s story, perched beneath her bright, beaming smile, is chock-full of personal details.
Note:ADOZIONE A DISTANZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,655

Contrast this with the Against Malaria Foundation. Although it saves hundreds of lives every year, it can’t offer names or faces of the people it helps, because it saves only statistical lives.
Note:VITE STATISTICHE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,658

there’s no single individual a donor can point to and say, “I saved this man’s life.”
Note:Ccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,660

MATING MOTIVE
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,660

the opportunity to impress potential mates.
Note:ALTRO FATTORE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,661

more likely to give money when the solicitor is an attractive member of the opposite sex.
Note:SPECIE GLI UOMINI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,664

psychologist Vladas Griskevicius
Note:SPERIMENTATORE SUL CAMPO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,674

APPEARANCES MATTER
Note:Tttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,676

Griskevicius calls this phenomenon “blatant benevolence.” Patrick West calls it “conspicuous compassion.
Note:LA NS GENEROSITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,679

charity is an advertisement, a way of showing off.
Note:IN ALTRE PAROLE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,682

“Take egotism out,” said Ralph Waldo Emerson, “and you would castrate the benefactors.”
Note:LA MASSIMA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,685

To donate with credit in mind hardly seems like charity at all.
Note:RIMOZINE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,689

one of our primary audiences is potential mates.
Note:MA CHI VOGLIAMO IMPRESSIONARE?

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,691

Stinginess isn’t sexy.
Note:Cccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,695

Women actively celebrate the generosity of Princess Diana and Mother Teresa,
Note:OBIEZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,696

women who have gone through menopause (and therefore have no mating incentive) are as generous as any other
Note:ALTRA OB

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,698

even when they’re happily married with no chance of having further children.

Note | Location: 3,698

Ccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,701

charity serves to impress not just potential mates, but also social and political gatekeepers.
Note:INFATTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,707

“Why does charity make us attractive to mates, teammates, and social gatekeepers?”
Note:ALTRA DOMANDA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,709

The most obvious thing we advertise is wealth, or in the case of volunteer work, spare time.
Note:COSA OSTENTIAMO?

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,714

Those who are struggling to survive don’t make ideal allies.
Note:XCHÈ

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,715

Charity also helps us advertise our prosocial orientation, that is, the degree to which we’re aligned with others.
Note:ALTRO BENE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,719

This helps explain why generosity is so important for those who aspire to leadership.
Note:Ccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,721

This is one of the reasons we’re biased toward local rather than global charities.
Note:POLITICA E POTERE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,726

advertise our prosocial orientation helps explain why, as a general rule, we do so little original research to determine where to donate.
Note:ALTRO MISTERO CHE CADE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,728

in order to signal how prosocial we are, we need to donate to charities that are publicly known to be worthy.
Note:COSA CI INTERESSA VERAMENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,733

There’s one final quality that charity allows us to advertise: the spontaneous, almost involuntary concern for the welfare of others.
Note:ALTRO PROSCIUTTO IN VETRINA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,735

“See how easily I’m moved to help others? When people near me are suffering, I can’t help wanting to make their situation better; it’s just who I am.”
Note:COSA STIAMO DICENDO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,737

it means you’ll make a great ally.

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,742

spontaneous giving demonstrates how little choice we have in the matter, how it’s simply part of our character
Note:ESSENZIALE LA SPONTANEITÀ X PUBBLICIZZARE IL NS CARATTERE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,743

This also helps explain why we respond to individual faces and stories more than we respond to dry statistics,
Note:LA SPONTANEITÀ SPIEGA TANTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,744

Paul Bloom,
Note:STUDIOSO DI EMPATIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,746

“The mark of a civilized man is the capacity to read a column of numbers and weep,”
Note:BERTRAND RUSSELL

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,754

MISSING FORMS OF CHARITY
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,758

giving to people in the far future.
Note:ATTIVITÀ NEGLETTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,758

Instead of donating money now, we might put it in a trust and let the magic of compound interest work for 50 or 500 years,
Note:CONTENUTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,759

These have been called “Methuselah trusts,” the most famous of which were set up by Benjamin Franklin.
Note:BATTESIMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,760

he gave two gifts of ₤1,000 each to the cities of Boston and Philadelphia, and he instructed the funds to be invested for 100 years before being used to sponsor apprenticeships for local children.
Note:BF

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,763

helping people in the far future doesn’t showcase our empathy
Note:PURTROPPO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,766

“marginal charity.”65 Here the idea is to nudge our personal decisions just slightly (marginally) in the direction that’s beneficial to others.
Note:CARITÀ INVISIBILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,771

if the developer built 11 stories instead of 10, it would reduce their profit by only a tiny amount, but it would add a bunch of new apartments to the neighborhood.
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,774

there’s no way to demonstrate to others that you’ve engaged in an act of marginal charity;
Note:L INCONVENIENTE IN QS CASI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,778

WRAPPING UP
Ttttttttttt

9 How to Save the World— More Christmas Presents Won’t Work

9 How to Save the World— More Christmas Presents Won’t Work
Note:9@@@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Page: 185

searching for a cure for cancer
Note:UNA VIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 185

produce clean and cheap energy.
Note:UN ALTRA

Yellow highlight | Page: 185

We want to give.
Note:QUASI UN ISTINTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 185

economists are narrow and selfish.
Note:CREDENZA...L ECONOMIA CI CORROMPE

Yellow highlight | Page: 185

gross domestic product,
Note:CONCETTI CON CATTIVA REPUTAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 185

“maximize utility”

Yellow highlight | Page: 185

profit.”

Yellow highlight | Page: 185

Joel Waldfogel—
Note:SE L È PRESA COL NATALE

Yellow highlight | Page: 185

“deadweight loss” resulting from Christmas gifts.
Note:COS HA MISURATO

Yellow highlight | Page: 185

economy loses about $4 billion
Note:OGNI NATALE USA

Yellow highlight | Page: 186

individuals who had studied economics behaved more selfishly
Note:SECONDO GLI ESPERIMENTI DI ROBERT FRANK

Yellow highlight | Page: 186

a given student, after studying economics, played more selfishly than before.

Note | Page: 186

COME SE NN BASTASSE

Yellow highlight | Page: 186

D.H. Robertson asked in 1954 “What Does the Economist Economize?”
Note:RISPOSTA...L AMORE...CARICATURA DELL ECO

Yellow highlight | Page: 186

It is easier to study selfish behavior
Note:FACILE DA MODELLARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 187

How might our Inner Economist help us be better altruists?
Note:DOMANDA

Yellow highlight | Page: 187

ask what is truly scarce.
Note:PRIMO

Yellow highlight | Page: 187

doing the world good versus feeling better about ourselves.
Note:OPPOSIZIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 187

Here was extreme poverty on a scale of the many millions. And unlike in most of Africa, the crowding was extreme.
Note:INDIA 2004

Yellow highlight | Page: 187

air was a mix of smells
Note:CARBONE MERDA E IMMONDIZIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 187

people were living on the streets.
Note:STRADE STRACOLME

Yellow highlight | Page: 188

Bengal has had socialist and communist governments for a long time,
Note:CALCUTTA...LA PARTE PIÙ POVERA

Yellow highlight | Page: 188

better developed “culture of begging,”
Note:CALCUTTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 188

original capital of the British Empire
Note:MOTIVO

Yellow highlight | Page: 188

Cripples lay on the sidewalk, waving their stumps for sympathy.
Note:SPETTACOLO AVVILENTE

Yellow highlight | Page: 188

Mothers approach with small babies wrapped
Note:ALTRO SPETTACOLO

Yellow highlight | Page: 188

But should we give beggars money?
Note:SE N DAI SEI SENZA CUORE

Yellow highlight | Page: 188

For less than a dollar they can eat for a few days;
Note:DA TENER PRESENTE

Yellow highlight | Page: 188

many religious prophets have recommended charity.
Note:LA RELIGIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 188

“it only encourages them to beg.”
Note:LE GUIDE TURISTICHE TI DISSUADONO

Yellow highlight | Page: 189

They worked pretty hard, relative to what they received.
Note:IL LAVORO DEL QUESTUANTE

Yellow highlight | Page: 189

defend that space
Note:MISSIONE PERICOLOSA

Yellow highlight | Page: 189

learn some English,
Note:ALTRO COSTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 189

chase stopped cabs,
Note:TERZO

Yellow highlight | Page: 189

becoming a beggar keeps many people from living in a more salubrious part of town,
Note:QUARTO COSTO OPPORTUNITÀ

Yellow highlight | Page: 189

many Indian beggars cut off their limbs or induce gangrene
Note:ALTRO COSTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 189

Three surgeons were filmed agreeing
Note:INCHIESTA CON FINTI MENDICANTI CHE CHIEDONO L AMPUTAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 189

10,000 rupees, or $215.

Note | Page: 189

PREZZO

Yellow highlight | Page: 189

The truth is this: the more we give to beggars, the harder beggars will try.
Note:SE L ELEMSINA RENDE...CONSIGLIO: EVITA DI DARE...NON XCHÈ DARE INCORAGGIA LA RICHIESTA MA XCHÈ SVALUTA LA RENDITA

Yellow highlight | Page: 189

“rent exhaustion,” which limits the net value created by the donation.
Note:IL NOSTRO DOLLARO VALE FORSE 10 CENT

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

people will flow into the begging trade
Note:NUOVE RECLUTE E MARGINI PIÙ RISYRETTI

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

This brings the return to begging back down.
Note:IL RISCHIO DI DARE...ORA SOLLIEVO DOMANI ANCORA PEGGIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

we should give our money to the needy who are not trying very hard.
Note:DARE A CHI NN SE L ASPETTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

“relatively inelastic factors”;
Note:IN GERGO

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

This usually rules out beggars, who are looking for a buck
Note:DARE A CHI NN CERCA

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

pick the poor person who is expecting it least.

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

Give to Bengalis who are sleeping,
Note:ES.

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

It is quite easy to find a Bengali sleeping under a piece of cardboard.
Note:Cccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

give to those who do not ask.

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

It requires us to be proactive.
Note:IL PROBLEMA...

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

And when the beggars do ask, we end up saying no.
Note:INOLTRE

Yellow highlight | Page: 190

we might need to spread around our giving.
Note:ESIGENZA...SW TUTTI DESSIMO A CHI DORME NN SAREBBE PIÙ UNA SORPRESA

Yellow highlight | Page: 191

If we want to give money to the competent, we should seek out a Bengali running a sweets shop.
Note:PREMIARE I MERITEVOLI....CHI CON POCHI MEZZI HA FATTO QLCS DI BUONO

Yellow highlight | Page: 191

solicitation for funds might make us aware that a problem exists
Note:LA FUNZIONE DEL CHIEDERE

Yellow highlight | Page: 191

pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency
Note:MALATTIE RARE E SCONOSCIUTE

Yellow highlight | Page: 192

we must keep our interest in the problem of poverty from slipping away, and yes that means we need to feel good
Note:IL POSITIVO DEL SENTIRSI BENE

Yellow highlight | Page: 192

When should we give to such pleas?
Note:TORNIAMO A BOMBA

Yellow highlight | Page: 192

give to causes that we will become attached to.
Note:UNA BUONA REGOLA

Yellow highlight | Page: 192

bad charities are not the foremost problem.
Note:INFATTI

Yellow highlight | Page: 192

Over time most people lose interest in charitable causes.
Note:PURTROPPO

Yellow highlight | Page: 193

stop ourselves from becoming indifferent
Note:IL VERO NEMICO DA COMBATTERE

Yellow highlight | Page: 193

the relevant scarcity is people who really care.
Note:COSA MANCA?…LA DOMANDA DELL ECONOMISTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 193

Christmas cards, letters of praise, and special plaques.
Note:TRUCCHETTI...MA CHE RENDONO IL MONDO MIGLIORE

Yellow highlight | Page: 193

Loyalty to our causes makes charities more financially effective.
Note:IL DONATORE PIÙ PREZIOSO É QUELLO SU CUI SI PUÒ CONTARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 193

“house file.”
Note:ZOCCOLO DURO

Yellow highlight | Page: 193

a 1 percent response rate is considered a success
Note:LA RISPOSTA ALLE CAMPAGNE...IL DONATORE RESTA SCARSO

Yellow highlight | Page: 194

Why spend a dollar to get thirty or fifty cents? The answer is simple: the charity is investing in developing its house file.
Note:CONTATTARE HA UN RITORNO NEGATIVO...PERCHÈ?...DIPENDENZA E CONTAGIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 194

we should tell them not to rent out our name and address to other mailers.
Note:UN MODO X FARE DEL BENE...IO SONO CONVERTITO PROVA COL MIO AMICO

Yellow highlight | Page: 194

“Remove the name” requests save charities thousands of dollars
Note:Cccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 195

this entire procedure assumes that we’ve already found the causes we love and support.
Note:OVVIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 195

connecting donors
Note:LA VOSTRA OPERA

Yellow highlight | Page: 195

cheaper for the donor to look for the charity.
Note:CHE IL CONTRARIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 196

we should go to them rather than making them look for us.
Note:X RISPARMIARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 196

If we give only a small sum to a charity, and our name continues to be rented out, we are making charities in general worse off.
Note:INOLTRE

Yellow highlight | Page: 196

Don’t let your address get onto those rented mailing lists.
Note:SE DAI POCO CANCELLATI...FARAI RISPARMIATE TUTTI...CANCELLARSI DALLE ONLUS A CUI NN SI DÀ È UNA FORMA DI ALTRUISMO...NN METTERE NELLA SPAM...PRENDITI PLA BRIGA

Yellow highlight | Page: 196

Don’t send a check through the mail at all.
Note:ALTERNATIVA...SUBOTTIMO

Yellow highlight | Page: 196

we can subvert the nonprofits we do not like.
Note:ALTRA STRATEGIA...COMBATTERE CONTRO LA CAUSE MALVAGE...PETA...ECOLOGISMO...CAUSE POLITICIZZATE

Yellow highlight | Page: 196

Choose one nonprofit you do not like and send them twenty bucks.
Note:INVERTIRE I SUGGERIMENTI

Yellow highlight | Page: 197

Everyone was giving.
Note:Ttttttttttt IL CASO DELLO TSUNAMI

Yellow highlight | Page: 197

celebrity concert

Yellow highlight | Page: 197

Michael Schumacher led the way
Note:7 MILIONI

Yellow highlight | Page: 197

Upon reflection the case for giving is not obvious.
Note:MA...M

Yellow highlight | Page: 197

The stories of the victims are heart-rending, but extreme misery is not new to the world.
Note:L IMPATTO EMOTIVO CI FREGA MA CHI STA MALE NN MANCA

Yellow highlight | Page: 197

send our money to Calcutta or to Haiti
Note:XCHÈ NN L ABBIAMO FATTO?

Yellow highlight | Page: 197

the suffering of the country receives less publicity.
Note:HAITI

Yellow highlight | Page: 198

Much of the tsunami aid was squandered or could not find appropriate mechanisms of support.
Note:NXONVENIENTE

Yellow highlight | Page: 198

Katrina aid was lost due to corruption and mismanagement.
Note:ALTRO CASO

Yellow highlight | Page: 198

9/11 aid
Note:ANCORA

Yellow highlight | Page: 198

Concentrated aid is not necessarily more effective.

Note | Page: 198

IN GENERE

Yellow highlight | Page: 198

We should give to highly public causes because this motivates our peers to give more to those same causes.
Note:PRO TSU...IN FONDO L ALTRUISMO RESTA SCARSO

Yellow highlight | Page: 198

infant mortality rate for Angola;
Note:DIMENTICATI

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

few of us cry when we read this fact.
Note:Ccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

Reports on the Holocaust, during World War II, could be found in many U.S. newspapers, but they did not make the headlines
Note:LA STRANA DINAMICA DEL DISPIACERE...LA NS NATURA DEL DISPIACERE...TTTTTTTTT

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

Yet we are mortified if we spill a drink on someone’s dress at a cocktail party
Note:Ccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

take this facet of human nature and turn it to the advantage
Note:SFRUTTIAMO LA NS NATURA

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

Interest in the tragedy snowballs,
Note:L INYERESSE È UNA VALANGA

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

There is a “Cause of the Month.”

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

Many of us care about being linked

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

support the trend.
Note:UN DOVERE SPECIE ALL INIZIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

Bigger snowballs are more likely to gather

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

Malcolm Gladwell wrote of the “tipping point,”
Note:TIPPING

Yellow highlight | Page: 199

a chance to leverage

Yellow highlight | Page: 200

cause-of-the-month effect drives extra giving.
Note:NON È STUPIDO ADERIRVI...RICORDA CHE LA RISORSA SCATSA È IL DONATORE

Yellow highlight | Page: 200

which victims are the most deserving.
Note:APPROCCIO ALTERNATIVO

Yellow highlight | Page: 200

ignores the scarcity of true altruism.
Note:DIFETTO DELL ALTRUISMO RAZIONALE

Yellow highlight | Page: 200

asks about the proper extent of giving,
Note:Tttttttttt ALTRA DOMANDA DELL ECONOMSTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 201

If we give all our charity to the Cause of the Month, we will cut loose from our addictions to regular charitable causes.
Note:IL RISCHIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 201

we are, for better or worse, creatures of habit.
Note:UN GRAVE DANNO

Yellow highlight | Page: 201

We should not lose our connections

Yellow highlight | Page: 201

get addicted to your favorite causes, but also get addicted to the idea of chasing the Cause of The Month.
Note:DIMEZZARE LE DONAZIONI MA NN RINUNCIARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 201

The book and the movie City of Joy focused on the poor in Calcutta, but that Cause of the Month is over,
Note:CALCUTTA CAUDA DEL MESE

Yellow highlight | Page: 202

John A. List, an economist at the University of Chicago,
Note:NEL DUBBIO MISURA

Yellow highlight | Page: 202

donors are irrational in their giving,
Note:PRIMO RISCONTRO

Yellow highlight | Page: 202

donors do not respond to opportunities to receive something for nothing.
Note:NON VALE LA LEGGE DELLA DOMANDA...SE FAR DEP BENE DIVENTA PIÙ ECONOMICO NN AGIAMO DI CONSEG

Yellow highlight | Page: 202

If the price of helping other people falls, donors do not always give more.
Note:Cccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 202

donors could also give less
Note:ADDIRITTURA

Yellow highlight | Page: 202

Donor behavior exhibits a remarkable “stickiness
Note:IN GENERE

Yellow highlight | Page: 202

First, donors do not calculate very well. Second, donors do not care much about the people
Note:DUE POSSIBILITÀ

Yellow highlight | Page: 202

a “matching pledge”—if you give a dollar some other donor pledges to give a dollar more—
Note:ESPERIMENTI CON UNA TECNICA DI DONO ALL ASTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 203

our altruistic instincts appear to be unmoved by the prospect of larger and more potent matching grants.
Note:ESITO IRRAZIONALE...DONO SEMPRE QIELLO ANCHE QUANDO LA CONVENIENZA A RAGGIUNGERE L OBBIETTIVO AUMENTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 203

giving is often about affiliation rather than helping
Note:CONCLUSIONE...L APPARTENENZA

Yellow highlight | Page: 203

part of big and successful organizations.
Note:QUEL CHE VOGLIAMO

Yellow highlight | Page: 203

winning sports teams,
Note:TIFARE JUVE

Yellow highlight | Page: 203

work for successful companies,
Note:DIPENDENTI GOOGLE

Yellow highlight | Page: 203

support the best and most influential charities.
Note:E INFINE

Yellow highlight | Page: 203

undertaking a joint project with successful people or institutions.
Note:CI PIACE DA MORIRE

Yellow highlight | Page: 203

But a more potent match does not constitute a greater lure to give more.
Note:IL LATO OSCURO DI LIST

Yellow highlight | Page: 204

have the status
Note:IL FOCUS

Yellow highlight | Page: 204

“Seed money”
Note:Tttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 204

lining up major grants in advance, before announcing a “capital campaign”
Note:DI COSA PARLIAMO

Yellow highlight | Page: 204

shows that prestigious and wealthy donors are already committed
Note:A CHE SERVE

Yellow highlight | Page: 204

raising seed money from 10 to 67 percent leads to a nearly sixfold increase
Note:LIST...FUNZIONA DI BRUTTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 204

Charitable “refunds”
Note:Tttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 204

boosted giving by only about 20 percent;
Note:POCO

Yellow highlight | Page: 204

A refund means that if the charity does not reach its specified goal, donors get their money back.
Note:DI COSA PARLIAMO...L NDIZIO SI IRROBUSTISCE

Yellow highlight | Page: 204

a charity signal that it may be financially weaker,
Note:INTERPRETAZIONE DEL RIMBORSO

Yellow highlight | Page: 204

a door-to-door fund-raising experiment across nearly 5,000 households.
Note:ALTRO ESPERIMENTO DI LIST

Yellow highlight | Page: 205

selling lottery tickets)
Note:IL METODO MIGLIIRE

Yellow highlight | Page: 205

(just asking for money).
Note:IL PEGGIORE

Yellow highlight | Page: 205

increased the attractiveness of the woman who, on a door-to-door basis, asked
Note:SPERIMENTATO UN TRUCCHETTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 205

as big a positive impact on giving as moving from the least successful

Note | Page: 205

FUNZIONAAAAAAA!!!!

Yellow highlight | Page: 205

not very focused on the final effects
Note:ALTRO INDIZIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 205

many charities spend too much money on executive salaries,
Note:Tttttttty IN GENERALE È VERO

Yellow highlight | Page: 205

But these same mechanisms do not always keep bad charities in check.
Note:EPPURE SI SORVOLA....ALTRO INDIZIO..AFFILIARSI A CHI MOSTRA POTENZA CI PIACE

Yellow highlight | Page: 205

insist on measurable results.
Note:ALTRA COSA CHE NN SI FA

Yellow highlight | Page: 205

dismiss any unfavorable information
Note:IL DONATORE CATTIRATO

Yellow highlight | Page: 205

When our pride is at stake, we often don’t look too closely
Note:COSA CPNTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 206

What about giving money to a church?
Note:Ttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 206

receive 40 to 60 percent
Note:QUANTO RICEVE IN USA

Yellow highlight | Page: 206

most of these donations keep churches going rather than finding their way to the poor.
Note:UTILIZZO

Yellow highlight | Page: 206

if you want to help the poor
Note:LA RISPOSTA DIPENDE DALL OBBIETTIVO

Yellow highlight | Page: 206

switch so that your new church has a poorer congregation.
Note:SECOND BEST

Yellow highlight | Page: 206

buy “fair trade” coffee.
Note:TTTTTT LA TENDENZA

Yellow highlight | Page: 206

the workers are treated better
Note:PROMESSA SUL SOVRAPPREZZO

Yellow highlight | Page: 206

How about a product called “exploitation coffee”? You pay less, and they promise to treat the workers especially poorly.
Note:PENSATE A UN PRODOTTO ALTERNATIVO CHE AIUTA I VERAMENTE POVERI

Yellow highlight | Page: 207

A more neutral phrase would be neither “fair trade” nor “exploitation coffee,” but rather, “quality differentiation.”
Note:UNA QUESTIONE DI PAROLE

Yellow highlight | Page: 207

two classes of coffee (and workers),
Note:QUEL CHE FACIAMO

Yellow highlight | Page: 207

Splitting up the market

Yellow highlight | Page: 207

good for the workers at the higher end,
Note:UN DANNO X GLI ULTIMI

Yellow highlight | Page: 207

Nicholas Kristof,
Note:Ttttttt UNA NUOVA IDEA

Yellow highlight | Page: 207

buy and free two slaves.
Note:IN CAMBOGIA...MA ANCHE IN SUDAN

Yellow highlight | Page: 207

$150
Note:IL COSTO PRO CAPITE

Yellow highlight | Page: 207

if we buy out slaves, we bid up the price of slaves.
Note:L INCONVENIENTE...PIÙ SCHIAVI

Yellow highlight | Page: 207

(Handgun purchase plans,
Note:ANALOGIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 208

Tipping is a relatively wasteful means of helping

Note | Page: 208

TttttttttMANCE ########## MERCATO DEI CAMERIERI CONCORRENZIALE

Yellow highlight | Page: 208

tipping makes us feel virtuous
Note:OLTRE AL DANNO LA BEFFA

Yellow highlight | Page: 208

substitute for real benevolence
Note:Ccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 208

I put the money down on the other table. I knew the same waiter would receive it.
Note:PROVATE QS ESPERIMENTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 208

I recoiled in horror
Note:SENSO SGRADEVOLE

Yellow highlight | Page: 208

I realized I don’t care how much the waiter gets.
Note:ILLUMINAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 209

to relieve my mental tension.
Note:IMPELLENZA

Yellow highlight | Page: 209

tip has some elements of extortion.
Note:IL LATO OSCURO DELLE MANCE

Yellow highlight | Page: 209

Because of cultural expectations, we know we are expected to tip.
Note:PRESSIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 209

our sense of ourselves as WORTHY AND GENEROUS PEOPLE WHO REWARD QUALITY.
Note:LA FUNZIONE DELLA MANCIA....USALA PURE MA AIUTA IL MONDO IN ALTRA MANIERA

Yellow highlight | Page: 209

The tips are received by people who already have jobs.
Note:DIFETTI...PRIMO PUNTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 209

tipping occurs in relatively wealthy countries.
Note:SECONDO

Yellow highlight | Page: 209

workers who receive tips have low current income but high prospects in life.
Note:TERZO...GIOVANI

Yellow highlight | Page: 209

marriage, kids, new puppies, lots of sex, and plenty of new movies and TV shows to watch.
Note:QUEL CHE ATTENDE LORO

Yellow highlight | Page: 209

The market for waiters is competitive,
Note:QUINTO E DEFINITIVO

Yellow highlight | Page: 210

Send the rest of the money abroad.
Note:RISPARMIA SULLE MANCE E....

Yellow highlight | Page: 210

You’ll also be saving waitresses some effort.
Note:DANDO MENO

Yellow highlight | Page: 210

what about gifts to your friends and loved ones?
Note:TttttttttttALTRA FORMA DI ALTRUISMO

Yellow highlight | Page: 210

Gift-giving is fun, or at least it can be. But it is not the best means of helping other
Note:DOPPIA CONCLUSIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 210

Joel Waldfogel,
Note:CINICO ESPERTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 210

Waldfogel found that people value their gifts at 83.9 percent of their cost.
Note:84

Yellow highlight | Page: 210

figure was derived from a survey,
Note:POSSIBILI BUGIE

Yellow highlight | Page: 210

true average valuation was 40
Note:PIÙ PROB

Yellow highlight | Page: 210

“deadweight loss” of gift-giving runs to at least $4 billion a year.
Note:CON L 89%

Yellow highlight | Page: 211

half of American adults admit to “regifting.”
Note:RICICLO

Yellow highlight | Page: 211

The least effective gift-givers appear to be the elderly.

Note | Page: 211

GLI SPRECONI

Yellow highlight | Page: 211

Many of the elderly don’t have any idea what interests their grandchildren.
Note:I VECCHI NN CONOSCONO I GIOVANI

Yellow highlight | Page: 211

if you are old, give cash
Note:SOLUZIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 211

loss estimates fail to account for the time spent buying gifts,
Note:STIME MOOOOOLTO CONSERVATIVE

Yellow highlight | Page: 211

point is not to attack gift-giving, which is a marvelous institution. But it is a self-centered institution;
Note:NN SERVE AD AIUTARE...LE FUNZIONI SONO ALTRE

Yellow highlight | Page: 211

maybe you enjoyed giving her the tickets.
Note:LA XDITA VA COMPENSATA COL PIACERE DI DONARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 211

You received a thrill

Yellow highlight | Page: 211

Your sister gained $50 of value. You gained $100 or more of pleasure. Total gain: $150. Total cost: $100.
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

we give out of the joy of our hearts.
Note:PERCHÈ DONIAMO?…UNO

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

Many people give just out of show.
Note:DUE

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

gifts based on hostility.
Note:CI SONO ANCHE QUELLI...ES IL LIBRONE A CHI AMA LA TV

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

we give gifts to control people.
Note:TRE

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

gift is a signal that if the other person does us favors, he or she can expect more payment in the future.
Note:DONO RELAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

Douglas Bernheim, Andrei Shleifer, and Larry Summers
Note:HANNO STUDIATO COME SI EREDITA

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

the more children called or visited their parents, the more likely they received a significant bequest.
Note:ESITO

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

Both the children and the parents are behaving selfishly
Note:COROLLARIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

Why not just give cash?
Note:ALTERNATIVA

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

give cash gifts at weddings.
Note:DI FATTO MOLTO COMUNE

Yellow highlight | Page: 212

practice of “the register”
Note:LA LISTA

Yellow highlight | Page: 213

standard practice for Bar Mitzvahs.

Yellow highlight | Page: 213

money helps pay for a college education.
Note:L INTENTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 213

if you give your sister $50 for her birthday, she will probably feel insulted.
Note:IN ALTRE OCCASIONI È ORRIBILE

Yellow highlight | Page: 213

showing we understand our loved ones.
Note:XCHÈ CONSIDERATO DI CATTIVO GUSTO?1

Yellow highlight | Page: 213

CDs cost $17.99 or so, but a wonderful CD is worth more than $100 to me.
Note:1BIS

Yellow highlight | Page: 213

pick out the right CD

Yellow highlight | Page: 213

Tom Locke went on a one-man crusade to receive as many gifts as possible
Note:TtttttttttyUN CASO PATOLOGICO

Yellow highlight | Page: 214

many people feel a need to be appreciated.

Note | Page: 214

VOGLIA DI RICEVERE

Yellow highlight | Page: 214

experiences are remembered for longer than possessions.
Note:UN CRITERIO GUODA X DONARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 214

Give concert tickets rather than a compact disc.
Note:ES

Yellow highlight | Page: 214

a trip abroad rather than money
Note:ES DUE

Yellow highlight | Page: 214

How about we lend out our money instead of giving it away?
Note:TTTT TORNIAMO AI POVERI

Yellow highlight | Page: 214

Daniel Akst, writing for Slate.com
Note:ENTUSIASTA DEL MICROCREDITO

Yellow highlight | Page: 215

set up small businesses
Note:A CHE SERVE

Yellow highlight | Page: 215

economics professor, one Muhammad Yunus,
Note:IL FONDATORE

Yellow highlight | Page: 215

Grameen Bank Project

Yellow highlight | Page: 215

Nobel Peace Prize.
Note:2006

Yellow highlight | Page: 215

mutual liability and peer pressure to ensure repayment.
Note:ANCHE SENZA GARANZIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 215

new small businesses feed into the local economy.
Note:XCHÈ MEGLIO DEL DONO

Yellow highlight | Page: 215

business owners develop lasting skills.
Note:DUE

Yellow highlight | Page: 215

enforces discipline and work.
Note:TRE...L ESIGENZA DI RIMBORSARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 215

keeps much of the original capital intact for continued lending.
Note:4

Yellow highlight | Page: 216

friends, relatives, or members of their kinship networks often come looking for a cut
Note:5…UN TIPICO INCONVENIENTE DEL DONO (EVITATO)

Yellow highlight | Page: 216

The result is dissolution of the funds
Note:Cccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 216

The funds end up spent rather than invested.
Note:Cccccccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 216

Are family incomes higher? How many new businesses have been started where micro-credit is available? Has the status of women improved?
Note:I RISULTATI IN INDIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 218

Now, you can make your loan over the Internet.
Note:UN MICROCRED PIÙ VICINO A NOI

Yellow highlight | Page: 218

blogger Cornelius: I feel good. I just lent $25 to Christopher Odeke. He’s a taxi driver from Bukedea,
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 218

I’ve signed up to Kiva.org
Note:UN SITO DEDICATO

Yellow highlight | Page: 218

Kiva means “agreement” or “unity” in Swahili.
Note:Ccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 218

Paypal.com will process your loan
ASSOCIATO A KIVA