Quando fu sera, il padrone della vigna disse al suo fattore: “Chiama i lavoratori e da’ loro la paga, incominciando dagli ultimi fino ai primi”. Venuti quelli delle cinque del pomeriggio, ricevettero ciascuno un denaro. Quando arrivarono i primi, pensarono che avrebbero ricevuto di più. Ma anch’essi ricevettero ciascuno un denaro. Nel ritirarlo, però, mormoravano contro il padrone dicendo: “Questi ultimi hanno lavorato un’ora soltanto e li hai trattati come noi, che abbiamo sopportato il peso della giornata e il caldo”. Ma il padrone, rispondendo a uno di loro, disse: “Amico, io non ti faccio torto. Non hai forse concordato con me per un denaro? Prendi il tuo e vattene. Ma io voglio dare anche a quest’ultimo quanto a te: non posso fare delle mie cose quello che voglio? Oppure tu sei invidioso perché io sono buono?”. Così gli ultimi saranno primi e i primi, ultimi».
sabato 6 ottobre 2018
FORTUNA, INVIDIA E GIUSTIZIA
Quando fu sera, il padrone della vigna disse al suo fattore: “Chiama i lavoratori e da’ loro la paga, incominciando dagli ultimi fino ai primi”. Venuti quelli delle cinque del pomeriggio, ricevettero ciascuno un denaro. Quando arrivarono i primi, pensarono che avrebbero ricevuto di più. Ma anch’essi ricevettero ciascuno un denaro. Nel ritirarlo, però, mormoravano contro il padrone dicendo: “Questi ultimi hanno lavorato un’ora soltanto e li hai trattati come noi, che abbiamo sopportato il peso della giornata e il caldo”. Ma il padrone, rispondendo a uno di loro, disse: “Amico, io non ti faccio torto. Non hai forse concordato con me per un denaro? Prendi il tuo e vattene. Ma io voglio dare anche a quest’ultimo quanto a te: non posso fare delle mie cose quello che voglio? Oppure tu sei invidioso perché io sono buono?”. Così gli ultimi saranno primi e i primi, ultimi».
giovedì 2 agosto 2018
LA FORTUNA DEI SANTI
Moral Luck Thomas Seager
giovedì 3 agosto 2017
Sinistra nonsense SAGGIO
Sinistra nonsense
Bill: in un mondo perfetto avrei braccia talmente lunghe da potermi grattare la schiena.Hank: in un mondo perfetto la schiena non ti pruderebbe mai.
A perfect state is a pointless state.
If Rich would donate his 40% to the poor, the state wouldn’t need to tax his income. If Mimi would buy a hybrid instead of a Hummer, the state wouldn’t need to cap… But since virtue alone won’t do the job, the state needs to redistribute equitably and regulate efficiently. …
the very reasons why the state is needed are reasons why the state won’t work.
a state that efficiently provides public goods is itself a public good… Free riders won’t pay the costs of good government … our theory cannot coherently assume a just state. …
But ideal theories of the state, like John Rawls’s, make precisely this assumption. Rawls and others stipulate fair-playing, equality-prizing citizens who work hard to make their democratic state completely just. But people who play fair and prize equality don’t need a state to force them to do the right thing—
The shift to nonideal theory should prompt Rawls and other liberal egalitarians to rethink their rejection of a free market,
I defend the claim that an ideally just society has no need for a coercive state. Coercion is needed to achieve justice only when society is less than fully just. But when society is less than fully just, we cannot stipulate the ideal justness of the state itself.
ideal theorists have sidestepped this dilemma by implicitly violating what Geoffrey Brennan and James Buchanan call “behavioral symmetry”—
liberal egalitarians’ objections to classical liberalism miss the mark precisely because classical liberal arguments typically presuppose behavioral symmetry.
that purports to challenge the principle of behavioral symmetry. I conclude that the principle, properly understood, withstands these challenges. As a result, philosophers should abandon ideal theories of the state entirely.
mercoledì 31 agosto 2016
Rawls and Desert
'via Blog this'
- The problem is that on this view no one can possibly deserve anything. According to Rawls, no one deserves anything obtained through the use of inborn assets. Now the view that some things are morally arbitrary because they are undeserved implies that there are things that would be deserved and thus not morally arbitrary.
- Consider two cases. Kasey is born into a wealthy family and as a result of that and her slightly above-average intelligence she attends a good college and secures a good job. For Rawls, Kasey doesn’t deserve her earnings because they result from undeserved assets. Society should allow her to keep just those earnings that maximize the position of the worst-off (through incentives, etc.) Now consider Akbar. Akbar is born in a slum of Mumbai, India. His family is very poor, but Akbar, blessed with high intelligence and a remarkable business sense, slowly and through many sacrifices succeeds in improving himself, getting a high school education, and even supporting his family with earnings in the informal economy of the slum. Courageously, he boards a ship bound for New York. Once in the United States, he takes computer science classes at a community college, where he displays an unusual talent for things digital. A couple of years later, Akbar and two friends found an instantly-successful digital company. Akbar is now a rich man. Rawls is committed to saying that Akbar does not deserve any of this. His case is indistinguishable from Kasey’s, because Akbar’s present holdings, like Kasey’s, result from the exercise of undeserved inborn traits, namely intelligence, business sense, and entrepreneurship.
- conclusione: Any theory of desert that prevents us from distinguishing between Kasey and Akbar has to be wrong.
giovedì 23 giugno 2016
La lotteria dei talenti. I 5 argomenti - definitivo sul tema della fortuna (specie il post facebook)
Papa Francesco: mi piacerebbe una politica che aiutasse i più sfortunati.James Buchanan: ehi ragazzo, ma il mondo che sogni è il paradiso di opportunisti, corrotti e cacciatori di rendite parassitarie!Papa Francesco: no, io penso alla politica che dovrebbe seguire una società illuminata. Indico la direzione quand’anche la perfezione fosse irraggiungibile.James Buchanan: ma allora il regime che cerchi è quello del capitalismo selvaggio!Papa Francesco: assurdo! Io combatto proprio quello, la ritengo una società che acuisce i divari anziché colmarli.James Buchanan: e perchè mai? I ricchi illuminati della tua società illuminata darebbero quel che devono dare ai poveri illuminati.
Kasey is born into a wealthy family and as a result of that and her slightly above-average intelligence she attends a good college and secures a good job. For Rawls, Kasey doesn’t deserve her earnings because they result from undeserved assets. Society should allow her to keep just those earnings that maximize the position of the worst-off (through incentives, etc.)... Now consider Akbar. Akbar is born in a slum of Mumbai, India. His family is very poor, but Akbar, blessed with high intelligence and a remarkable business sense, slowly and through many sacrifices succeeds in improving himself, getting a high school education, and even supporting his family with earnings in the informal economy of the slum. Courageously, he boards a ship bound for New York. Once in the United States, he takes computer science classes at a community college, where he displays an unusual talent for things digital. A couple of years later, Akbar and two friends found an instantly-successful digital company. Akbar is now a rich man... Rawls is committed to saying that Akbar does not deserve any of this. His case is indistinguishable from Kasey’s, because Akbar’s present holdings, like Kasey’s, result from the exercise of undeserved inborn traits, namely intelligence, business sense, and entrepreneurship...
mercoledì 22 giugno 2016
L'incoerenza di Rawls
Jim Buchanan to John Rawls: "Dude, your favored political-economic regime would have massive moral hazard, corruption, and rent seeking."
Rawls: "Nah, dude, I'm doing ideal theory. I'm asking how the system would work if we imagine people are fully motivated by a sense of justice. So that stuff won't happen."
Buchanan: "Oh, okay. Well then why not favor what you call welfare-state capitalism over property-owning democracy?"
Rawls: "Because in that system the rich could use their money to buy power and use it for corrupt ends!"
Buchanan: "But didn't you just say we're doing ideal theory and asking how institutions would work if only people were fully motivated by a sense of justice? And by hypothesis isn't that unjust and so they wouldn't do that under ideal..."
Rawls: "Nah nah nah nah nah, I can't hear you!"
Rawlsians: "Nah nah nah nah nah, we can't hear you."
Buchanan: "Huh. Political philosophers kind of suck at political philosophy."
See JaF, 137-8.