Visualizzazione post con etichetta #kling dunbar. Mostra tutti i post
Visualizzazione post con etichetta #kling dunbar. Mostra tutti i post

martedì 17 settembre 2019

HL An Anarchist View of Human Social Evolution Peter Turchin

An Anarchist View of Human Social Evolution
Peter Turchin
Citation (APA): Turchin, P. (2019). An Anarchist View of Human Social Evolution [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com

Parte introduttiva
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 2
An Anarchist View of Human Social Evolution By Peter Turchin
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 10
David Graeber and David Wengrow
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 11
Are we city dwellers or hunter-gatherers?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 18
For centuries, we have been telling ourselves a simple story about the origins of social inequality. For most of their history, humans lived in tiny egalitarian bands of hunter-gatherers. Then came farming, which brought with it private property, and then the rise of cities which meant the emergence of civilisation properly speaking.
Nota - Posizione 21
COME NASCE LA DISEG X G.
Nota - Posizione 21
COME NASCE LA DISEG X G.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 22
Hold on a second! I object to putting taxes and bureaucracy into this list of “bad things.” Without taxes we could have no government, and without government we would have no public goods that it produces, which is what really makes possible high standard of living we enjoy in reasonably well-governed societies
Nota - Posizione 24
PROTESTA DI TURCHIN
Nota - Posizione 24
PROTESTA DI TURCHIN
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 37
Most see civilisation, hence inequality, as a tragic necessity. Some dream of returning to a past utopia,
Nota - Posizione 37
G RIASSUME IL PARADIGMA ROUSSOVIANO
Nota - Posizione 37
G RIASSUME IL PARADIGMA ROUSSOVIANO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 39
There is a fundamental problem with this narrative: it isn’t true.
Nota - Posizione 40
Ccccc
Nota - Posizione 40
Ccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 40
Jared Diamond, Francis Fukuyama, Ian Morris and others
Nota - Posizione 40
SEGUACI DI ROUSSEAU
Nota - Posizione 40
SEGUACI DI ROUSSEAU
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 49
we will attempt to lay down the initial foundations of an entirely different narrative.
Nota - Posizione 50
IL PROGETTO DI G
Nota - Posizione 50
IL PROGETTO DI G
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 51
Abandoning the story of a fall from primordial innocence does not mean abandoning dreams of human emancipation
Nota - Posizione 52
PRECISAZIONE DI G
Nota - Posizione 52
PRECISAZIONE DI G
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 61
There is no reason to believe that small-scale groups are especially likely to be egalitarian,
Nota - Posizione 62
G RACCONTA UN ALTRA STORIA
Nota - Posizione 62
G RACCONTA UN ALTRA STORIA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 69
Still, even when anthropologists and archaeologists try their hand at “big picture” narratives, they have an odd tendency to end up with some similarly minor variation on Rousseau.
Nota - Posizione 70
ALTRI CHE SECONDO G CADONO NELLERRORE
Nota - Posizione 70
ALTRI CHE SECONDO G CADONO NELLERRORE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 82
To begin with, there is the undisputed existence of rich burials, extending back in time to the depths of the Ice Age.
Nota - Posizione 83
G...PER QUEL CHE NE SAPPIAMO SUI NS ANTENATI NOMADI
Nota - Posizione 83
G...PER QUEL CHE NE SAPPIAMO SUI NS ANTENATI NOMADI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 93
just the beads alone represent over 2,500 hours of human labor.
Nota - Posizione 93
RITROVAMENTI NELLA TOMBA DEL BIMBO
Nota - Posizione 93
RITROVAMENTI NELLA TOMBA DEL BIMBO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 94
Were they “princes”? Or sacrifices, as some archaeologists suggested?
Nota - Posizione 95
T...MA CI SONO DUBBI
Nota - Posizione 95
T...MA CI SONO DUBBI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 106
Foraging societies in highly productive areas, like Northwest Indians, have developed highly unequal societies with high differentials in wealth, slavery, etc.
Nota - Posizione 107
T...SEMBRA CONCORDARE
Nota - Posizione 107
T...SEMBRA CONCORDARE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 107
No less intriguing is the sporadic but compelling evidence for monumental architecture, stretching back to the Last Glacial Maximum.
Nota - Posizione 108
G...ALTRO ELEMENTO
Nota - Posizione 108
G...ALTRO ELEMENTO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 110
Pleistocene has no direct equivalents in scale to the Pyramids of Giza or the Roman Colosseum. But it does have buildings that, by the standards of the time, could only have been considered public works,
Nota - Posizione 111
Cccccc
Nota - Posizione 111
Cccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 112
Among them are the startling “mammoth houses”,
Nota - Posizione 112
CccccCASE CON LE ZANNE DI MAMMUTH
Nota - Posizione 112
CccccCASE CON LE ZANNE DI MAMMUTH
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 115
I agree with some of the points they make, such as that there was no sharp transition in human social evolution with the adoption of agriculture
Nota - Posizione 116
TURCHIN...FIN DOVE SI PUÒ ESSERE D ACCORDO
Nota - Posizione 116
TURCHIN...FIN DOVE SI PUÒ ESSERE D ACCORDO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 120
In my experience, refusal to quantify is usually the last refuge of those who don’t want to see their pet theories rejected.
Nota - Posizione 121
T...MISURARE LA MONUMENTALITÀ È POSSIBILE
Nota - Posizione 121
T...MISURARE LA MONUMENTALITÀ È POSSIBILE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 129
Looking at such monuments as the Empire State Building, the Amiens Cathedral, Egyptian Pyramids, and Gobekli Tepe, I showed the social scale implied by the scale of the monument diminishes as we go back into the past.
Nota - Posizione 131
IN ULTRASOCIETY
Nota - Posizione 131
IN ULTRASOCIETY
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 131
it required roughly 400,000 people-years of work to construct the Great Pyramid of Giza,
Nota - Posizione 132
Ccccc
Nota - Posizione 132
Ccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 134
I doubt that it took one person more than a day to construct a mammoth hut (after you have hunted down and butchered the mammoth, of course).
Nota - Posizione 135
Ccccc
Nota - Posizione 135
Ccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 144
Evidence for institutional inequality in Ice Age societies, whether in the form of grand burials or monumental buildings, is nothing if not sporadic.
Nota - Posizione 145
TESI TURCHIN
Nota - Posizione 145
TESI TURCHIN
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 146
if any of these Ice Age “princes” had behaved anything like, say, Bronze Age princes, we’d also be finding fortifications, storehouses, palaces
Nota - Posizione 147
QUI G SEMBRA CONTRADDIRSI
Nota - Posizione 147
QUI G SEMBRA CONTRADDIRSI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 149
A wider look at the archaeological evidence suggests a key to resolving the dilemma. It lies in the seasonal rhythms of prehistoric social life. Most of the Palaeolithic sites discussed so far are associated with evidence for annual or biennial periods of aggregation, linked to the migrations of game herds
Nota - Posizione 151
LA SOLUZIONE X G
Nota - Posizione 151
LA SOLUZIONE X G
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 152
At less favourable times of year, at least some of our Ice Age ancestors no doubt really did live and forage in tiny bands.
Nota - Posizione 152
Ccccc
Nota - Posizione 152
Ccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 158
from the very beginning, human beings were self-consciously experimenting with different social possibilities.
Nota - Posizione 158
Ccccc
Nota - Posizione 158
Ccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 159
“double morphology”.
Nota - Posizione 159
Cc
Nota - Posizione 159
Cc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 161
In the late summer, small and highly mobile bands of Cheyenne and Lakota would congregate in large settlements to make logistical preparations for the buffalo hunt.
Nota - Posizione 162
G...ESEMPIO PIÙ RECENTE
Nota - Posizione 162
G...ESEMPIO PIÙ RECENTE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 169
society evolving steadily from “bands” to “tribes” to “chiefdoms”,
Nota - Posizione 170
G...IMMAGINE DA SFATARE
Nota - Posizione 170
G...IMMAGINE DA SFATARE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 172
To equate late summer congregations of the Cheyenne or the Lakota to complex stratified states does as much violence to data as equating a mammoth hut to a great pyramid.
Nota - Posizione 174
T...ANCORA LO STESSO ERRORE
Nota - Posizione 174
T...ANCORA LO STESSO ERRORE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 175
That’s a difference of 3-4 orders of magnitude. States are also organized in a centralized fashion. There is a supreme ruler (a king,
Nota - Posizione 176
Ccc
Nota - Posizione 176
Ccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 177
states are characterized by a internally specialized governance.
Nota - Posizione 177
Cccf
Nota - Posizione 177
Cccf
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 179
There was nothing like that in the Cheyenne society.
Nota - Posizione 179
Ccc
Nota - Posizione 179
Ccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 186
Modern authors have a tendency to use prehistory as a canvas for working out philosophical problems…
Nota - Posizione 187
PER G
Nota - Posizione 187
PER G
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 188
…the real question is not “what are the origins of social inequality?” but, having lived so much of our history moving back and forth between different political systems, “how did we get so stuck?”
Nota - Posizione 190
IL VERO PROBLEMA X G
Nota - Posizione 190
IL VERO PROBLEMA X G
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 193
there is absolutely no evidence that top-down structures of rule are the necessary consequence of large-scale organisation.
Nota - Posizione 194
Cccc
Nota - Posizione 194
Cccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 195
there is absolutely no evidence that any large-scale human society can be organized in any other way than hierarchically. We are not ants!
Nota - Posizione 196
TURCHIN CONTRADDICE
Nota - Posizione 196
TURCHIN CONTRADDICE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 197
social movements organized on the principle of anarcho-populism invariably fail. As did the Occupy Movement in which David Graber played an important role. Where are the “occupiers” today? What have they accomplished? Nothing.
Nota - Posizione 199
STOCCATA DI T
Nota - Posizione 199
STOCCATA DI T

mercoledì 21 agosto 2019

HL 1 Taste of turtle

Taste of turtle—Where
Note:1@@@@@@@@@@@LEGALITÀ...asimmetria info subdunber superdunbar...scaling conflitto d interesse....metrica

Yellow highlight | Location: 887
You who caught the turtles better eat them,
Note:L ADAGIO IN COMMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 889
a group of fishermen caught a large number of turtles. After cooking them, they found out at the communal meal that these sea animals were much less edible than they thought:
Note:ORIGINE

Yellow highlight | Location: 893
the principle that you need to eat what you feed others.
Note:IL PRINCIPIO DIETRO L ADAGIO...PARABOLA DI MERCURIO CHE FORZA IL PESCATORE AD ASSAGGIARE IL CIBO SOSPETTO CHE OFFRONO

Yellow highlight | Location: 894
A CUSTOMER IS BORN EVERY DAY
Note:Tttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 899
The asymmetry is when said advice applies to you but not to him—he
Note:ASIMMETRIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 911
what is presented as good for you is not really good for you but certainly good for the other party.
Note:CAPITA SEMPRE NEL MONDO DEGLI AFFARI

Yellow highlight | Location: 913
“Do you have an ax?” (meaning an inquiry whether you have a certain interest).
Note:LA DOMANDA DA FARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 914
Avoid at all costs those who call you to tout a certain product disguised with advice.
Note:QUELLI DA EVITARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 928
Salespeople are experts in the art of psychological manipulation, making the client trade, often against his own interest, all the while being happy about it and loving them and their company.
Note:ASIMMETRIA DEL VENDITORE

Yellow highlight | Location: 934
THE PRICE OF CORN IN RHODES
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 937
problem in the course of the transactions: how much should the seller reveal to the buyer?
Note:PROBLEMA

Yellow highlight | Location: 938
“Is it ethical to sell something to someone knowing the price will eventually drop?”
Note:ESEMPUO

Yellow highlight | Location: 939
Diogenes of Babylon and his student Antipater of Tarsus,
Note:CHI NE HA DIBATTUTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 942
Cicero in De Officiis.
Note:FONTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 942
Assume a man brought a large shipment of corn from Alexandria to Rhodes, at a time when corn was expensive in Rhodes because of shortage and famine. Suppose that he also knew that many boats had set sail from Alexandria on their way to Rhodes with similar merchandise. Does he have to inform the Rhodians?
Note:IL CASO

Yellow highlight | Location: 945
“stuffing”—selling
Note:I GERGO L ATTO DI VENDERE SENZA INFO

Yellow highlight | Location: 946
The penalty was ostracism.
Note:SE UN TRADER LO FA A UN TRADER

Yellow highlight | Location: 946
But it was sort of permissible to do it to the anonymous market and the faceless nontraders, or those we called “the Swiss,” some random suckers far away.
Note:QUANDO È CONCESSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 947
There were people with whom we had a relational rapport, others with whom we had a transactional one.
Note:LA DIFFERENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 950
Diogenes held that the seller ought to disclose as much as civil law requires. As for Antipater, he believed that everything ought to be disclosed—beyond
Note:DIATRIBA PRESSO I CLASSICI...LEGALITÀ CONTRO ETICA

Yellow highlight | Location: 954
The ethical is always more robust than the legal. Over time, it is the legal that should converge to the ethical, never the reverse. Hence: Laws come and go; ethics stay.
Note:INTERMEZZO ETICA E LEGALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 961
counterintuitively, the more regulations, the easier it was to make money.
Note:LA MIA ESPERIENZA COME TRADER

Yellow highlight | Location: 962
EQUALITY IN UNCERTAINTY
Note:Tttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 964
The ancient Mediterranean and, to some extent, the modern world, seem to have converged to Antipater’s position. While we have “buyer beware” (caveat emptor) in the Anglo-Saxon West,
Note:LE POSIZIONI

Yellow highlight | Location: 977
Sharia establishes the interdict of gharar, drastic enough to be totally banned in any form of transaction.
Note:UN ESEMPIO....SOLUZIONE SHARIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 978
it means both uncertainty and deception—my personal take is that it means something beyond informational asymmetry between agents: inequality of uncertainty.
Note:UN TERMINE PARTICOLARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 990
RAV SAFRA AND THE SWISS
Note:Tttttttt LA SOLUZIONE DEL TALMUD

Yellow highlight | Location: 993
Rav Safra, a third-century Babylonian scholar who was also an active trader, was offering some goods for sale. A buyer came as he was praying in silence, tried to purchase the merchandise at an initial price, and given that the rabbi did not reply, raised the price. But Rav Safra had no intention of selling at a higher price than the initial offer, and felt that he had to honor the initial intention. Now the question: Is Rav Safra obligated to sell at the initial price, or should he take the improved one?
Note:IL PROBLEMA..TOTAL TRANSPARENCY

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,003
what if he sold to one client at the marked-up price, and to another one the exact same item for the initial price, and the two buyers happened to know one another?
Note:METODO INSOSTENIBILE SENZA SAFRA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,004
It may not be ethically required, but the most effective, shame-free policy is maximal transparency,
Note:Cccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,005
However, the story doesn’t tell us whether the purchaser was a “Swiss,” those outsiders our ethical rules don’t apply to.
Note:PICCOLO PARTICOLARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,007
Kant: theory is too theoretical for humans.
Note:ECCEZIONI SEMPRE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,013
MEMBERS AND NON-MEMBERS
Note:Ttttttftff

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,014
Things don’t “scale” and generalize, which is why I have trouble with intellectuals talking about abstract notions.
Note:DON'T SCALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,015
the world is not a large village.
Note:Ccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,016
When Athenians treat all opinions equally and discuss “democracy,” they only apply it to their citizens, not slaves or metics
Note:STORIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,025
Today’s Roma people (aka Gypsies) have tons of strict rules of behavior toward Gypsies, and others toward the unclean non-Gypsies called payos.
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,035
This scale transformation from the particular to the general is behind my skepticism about unfettered globalization and large centralized multiethnic states.
Note:GLOBALIZZAZIONE...PALESTINA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,036
Yaneer Bar-Yam showed quite convincingly that “better fences make better neighbors”—something
Note:CONFINI

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,038
Putting Shiites, Christians, and Sunnis in one pot
Note:L ERRORE IN MEDIO ORIENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,040
Blaming people for being “sectarian”—instead of making the best of such a natural tendency—is one of the stupidities of interventionistas.
Note:L ACCUSA DI TAZZISMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,048
from the well-known behavior of crowds in the “anonymity” of big cities compared to groups in small villages.
Note:DUNBAR

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,056
NON MIHI NON TIBI, SED NOBIS (NEITHER MINE NOR YOURS, BUT OURS)
Note:Ttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,057
“tragedy of the commons,”
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,060
what plagues socialism:
Note:TRAGEDIA DEI BENO COMUNI

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,061
it is a critical mistake to think that people can function only under a private property system.
Note:OSTROM

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,063
there exists a certain community size below which people act as collectivists, protecting the commons, as if the entire unit became rational.
Note:SUBDUNBAR

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,064
municipal is different from the national.
Note:Cccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,065
tribes
Note:Ccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,072
ARE YOU ON THE DIAGONAL?
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,075
I am, at the Fed level, libertarian; at the state level, Republican; at the local level, Democrat; and at the family and friends level, a socialist.
Note:DETTO DI VINCE GRAHM

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,078
fatuousness of left vs. right labels,
Note:Ccccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,079
Swiss are obsessive about governance—and indeed their political system is neither “left” nor “right,” but governance-based.
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,082
things worked well in Switzerland and other Germanic countries, it is not because of accountability so much as scaling, which makes them very prone to accountability: Germany is a federation.
Note:SVIZZERA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,084
ALL (LITERALLY) IN THE SAME BOAT
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,088
The Acts of the Apostles describes a voyage of St. Paul on a cargo ship from Sidon to Crete to Malta. As they hit a storm: “When they had eaten what they wanted they lightened the ship by throwing the corn overboard into the sea.” Now while they jettisoned particular goods, all owners were to be proportioned
Note:UN CASO EVANGELICI DI RISK SHARING

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,091
For it turned out that they were following a practice that dates to at least 800 B.C.,
Note:LEX RHODIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,095
where merchandise is thrown overboard for the purpose of lightening a ship, what has been lost for the benefit of all must be made up by the contribution of all.
Note:CONTENUTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,102
TALKING ONE’S BOOK
Note:Nttttttt TTtt

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,104
Everyone, including the anchor, chipped in. My turn came: “I own no Microsoft stock, I am short no Microsoft stock [i.e., would benefit from its decline], hence I can’t talk about it.”
Note:AL DIBATTITO SU MICROSOFT TALEB NN RISPOSE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,105
Don’t tell me what you think, tell me what you have in your portfolio.
Note:...RICORDIAMO IL PORTAFOGLIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,111
Another is buying a stock so you can advertise the qualities of the company, then selling it, benefiting from the trumpeting—this is called market manipulation,
Note:IL PERICOLO DI SKIN IN TEHA GAME

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,113
We removed the skin in the game of journalists in order to prevent market manipulation,
Note:Cccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,114
the former (market manipulation) and conflicts of interest are more benign than impunity for bad advice.
Note:LA TESI DEL LIBRO

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in the absence of skin in the game, journalists will imitate, to be safe, the opinion of other journalists, thus creating monoculture
Note:LA RAGIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,117
In general, skin in the game comes with conflict of interest.
Note:PURTROPPO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,120
A SHORT VISIT TO THE DOCTOR’S OFFICE
Note:Tttttttttttt Un caso specif

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,125
The legal system and regulatory measures are likely to put the skin of the doctor in the wrong game.
Note:TESI

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,127
metrics.
Note:PROBLEM

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,128
say a cancer doctor or hospital is judged by the five-year survival rates of patients,
Note:ESEMPIO DI MEYRICA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,130
There is a tradeoff between laser surgery (a precise surgical procedure) and radiation therapy,
Note:LE CURE POSSIBILI

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,131
laser surgery may have worse five-year outcomes than radiation therapy, but the latter tends to create second tumors in the longer run
Note:PROBLEMA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,135
A doctor is pushed by the system to transfer risk from himself to you,
Note:FINALE...RADIAZIONE A GO GO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,138
he has no direct emotional loss should your health experience a degradation.
Note:IL DOTTORE...UNO SCONOSCIUTO...

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,139
His objective is, naturally, to avoid a lawsuit,
Note:IL DOTTORE NN È UN TUO FAMILIARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,140
Now, say you happen to visit a cardiologist and turn out to be in the mild risk category,
Note:SEI UNO CHE NN RISCHIA INFARTI

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But the doctor is pressured to treat you
Note:PROCESSI IN VISTA...

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,143
Should you drop dead a few weeks after the visit, a low probability event, the doctor can be sued for negligence,
Note:Cccccccccc

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he may know that statins are harmful, as they will lead to long-term side effects.
Note:CONSEG NEGATIVE MA INVISIBILE

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the long-term medical risks are hidden; they will play out in the long run, whereas the legal risk is immediate.
Note:ASIMMETRIA NEL RISCHIO

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avoid treatment when he or she is mildly ill, but use medicine for the “tail events,” that is, for rarely encountered severe conditions.
Note:CONSIGLIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,154
both the doctor and the patient have skin in the game, though not perfectly, but administrators don’t—and
Note:IL PROBLEMA

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NEXT
Tttttttttttt

mercoledì 31 luglio 2019

SUB-DUNBAR E SUPER-DUNBAR

SUB-DUNBAR E SUPER-DUNBAR
Il primatologo Robin Dunbar ha teorizzato che il numero di persone con cui possiamo mantenere relazioni sociali personali è limitato dalle dimensioni del nostro cervello a circa 150 individui. Molte caratteristiche sociali cambiano quando le persone si organizzano in gruppi più numerosi.
In un ambiente sub-Dunbar, il principio morale di base è prendersi cura dell’altro: ama il tuo prossimo come te stesso. Nella società super-Dunbar, questo principio morale di base non è né necessario né sufficiente. Come ha sottolineato Adam Smith, l'interesse personale diventa la forza propulsiva centrale.

https://medium.com/@arnoldkling/three-fundamental-concepts-of-social-science-b0c5f177293a

Cosa caratterizza le scienze sociali?

1) la complessità: l'ordine catturabile solo da più intelligenze che interagiscono.
2) la variabilità: specie la distinzione tra società sub-Durban e società siper-Dunbar