PROLOGUE
Note:PRO@@@@@@@
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critics who decry it and defenders who acclaim it uncritically,
Note:I NEMICI DELL ILLUMINISMO
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the French who have dominated and usurped it.
Note:IL PEGGIORE
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restore it, in good part, to the British
Note:LA MANOVRA...EVODENZIARE UNA RADICALE DIFFERENZA
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the ideas generated by the philosophes and the exportation of those ideas
Note:ORTODOSSIA
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obsolete, an illusion, or delusion, of modernity.
Note:L IDEA ILLUMINISTA SECONDO I POSTMODERNI
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an embodiment of “Western cultural imperialism.”
Note:L ILLUMINISMO SECONDO ALCUNI
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“is to postmodernism what ‘Old Regime’ was to the French Revolution.
Note:L I IN ANALOGIA
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postmodernist finds reason as tyrannical and “totalizing”
Note:NUOVE TIRANNIE
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Enlightenment was a social movement as well as
Note:X ALCUNI TROPPA ENFASI SULLE IDEE
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Robert Darnton
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France, Britain, and America.
Note:APPROCCIO GEOGRAFICO
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these three Enlightenments represented alternative approaches to modernity,
Note:ALTERNATIVI
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French themselves credited that venerable English trinity, Bacon, Locke, and Newton,
Note:TRINITÀ
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reason, rights, nature, liberty, equality, tolerance, science, progress—
Note:VALORI NELLA VULGATA DELLO STEREOTIPO
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Yet it was virtue, rather than reason, that took precedence for the British,
Note:IN GB GERARCHIE ROVESCIATE...
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compassion, benevolence, sympathy—
Note:NUOVA LISTA
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bound people to each other.
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they gave reason a secondary, instrumental role,
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the social ethic
Note:DA RESTAURARE
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“There was only one Enlightenment,” Gay announces
Note:DISACCORDI
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Enlightenment was so varied, among countries as well as individuals, as to belie the singular term,
Note:VARIETÀ
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the paradigm of popular revolution, like the paradigm of Enlightenment, has been that of France.
Note:AMERICANI ESPROPRIATI
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French Revolution, which ended in disaster, has made world history,
Note:ARENDT
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self-conscious, indeed, self-dramatizing character of its proponents—an acute awareness of their own identity and (long before Hegel) their place in world history.
Note:COSA HA FATTO SPICCARE L I FRANCESE
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The titles of these works are themselves significant, the French lacking the national adjective
Note:LE ENCICLOPEDIE
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English thinkers, unlike their French confreres, never thought of themselves as a distinctive class or group.
Note:NO INTELLETTUALI
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Only in Scotland, he said, could be found the essential elements of an Enlightenment,
Note:L ECCEZIONE DI VENTURI
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the Americans had thinkers, writers, preachers, and, above all, statesmen who constituted a distinctive intellectual class—a
Note:CHI RIMPIAZZA GLI INTELLOS NEL MONDO ANGLOSASSONE
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The decisive advantage of France over Britain and America may have been the term “enlightenment” itself.
Note:IL VANTAGGIO DELLE PAROLE
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“Siècle des lumières”
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In Britain, which had the reality of enlightenment but not the appropriate language
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the reality discouraged the abstraction),
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It took more than a century for the noun to make its appearance in English.
Note:RITARDO
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there was so much interaction between French and British thinkers at the time.
Note:STRANA L ESCLUSIONE DELKA GB
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Montesquieu, who was more truly an Anglophile
Note:UN RAPPRESENTANTE DELL I GB IN FRANCIA
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Both Smith and Hume had a lively interest in French intellectual affairs.
Note:ESEMPIO
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In France, the essence of the Enlightenment—literally, its raison d’être—was reason.
Note:IL CUORE DELL I FRANCESE
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declaration of war against the church, “Ecrasez l’infâme,”
Note:DICHIARAZIONE DI GUERRA IN NOME DELLA RAGIONE
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“strangle the last king with the entrails of the last priest.”
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religion, whether as dogma or as institution, was not the paramount enemy.
Note:MA IN GB
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compatible with a large spectrum of belief
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variety of religious sects were themselves an assurance of liberty
Note:AL CONTRARIO
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The driving force of the British Enlightenment was not reason but the “social virtues”
Note:IL CUORE DELL I ANGLOSASSONE
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reason was an instrument for the attainment of the larger social end,
Note:LO STRUMENTO
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American “the politics of liberty.”
Note:AMEEICA
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sociologists as much as philosophers;
Note:GLI I ANGLO
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French had a more exalted mission: to make reason the governing principle
Note:FRANCESI MISSIONARI
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Burke and Paine
Note:DOPPIETTE POCO COMPATIBILI ANCHE SE ANGLO
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Hutcheson and Hume,
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Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton,
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Montesquieu and Rousseau
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ideas surely influenced these experiences and circumstances.
Note:LA SORTE DEI TRE PAESI
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treat the American Revolution, for example, as a prelude to or a minor version of the French Revolution,
Note:GLI ERRORI DI CHI MN DOSTINGUE
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“the creation of the modern world”;
Note:TESI ESYREMA... L I ANGLO COME
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“the Scots invented the modern world.”
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“common sense,”
AL CENTRO
