il dovere di non votare

Il dovere civico di astenersi dal voto

I non informati non dovrebbero votare. Questo include me e la maggior parte degli italiani. E' un dovere civico non votare se non si è informati sulle politiche pubbliche. Se voti male contribuisci ad imporre agli altri un grave danno. Sforzarsi di non farlo è un dovere importante che abbiamo come cittadini. Gli esperti di banche centrali, ad esempio, sono nella posizione migliore di me per sapere quale partito è migliore in materia di politica monetaria. Ma anche gli esperti si sbagliano spesso, figuriamoci i profani che si informano dai giornali quando va bene. E qui affrontiamo solo una materia quando in una elezione ordinario ne ballano almeno cento.

ANALOGIA. Supponiamo che che un giorno entri in un villaggio dove stanno lapidando qualcuno o qualcosa, vedi lontana una sagoma di forma umana. Partecipare al tiro a segno sarebbe bello ma solo se si trattasse di un manichino. Se la sagoma è quella di una donna sarebbe un crimine. Ti avventuri tra la gente chiedendo lumi ma non c'è consenso. Anzi, c'è una grande confusione. Le persone sono in disaccordo ed è difficile capire chi abbia ragione. Quelli che dicono 'è un manichino' ti sembrano avere argomenti leggermente migliori, ma non scommetteresti mai nulla di importante sul fatto che abbiano ragione. Potresti fendere la folla per vedere di persona, ma questo richiederebbe uno sforzo molto oneroso e tu hai altri impegni. Alla fine vedi tutti che lanciano la loro pietra e lanci anche tu. E' così che la gente vota. Secondo me è doveroso astenersi dal lanciare pietre come dal votare.

Sarebbe bello se votare in modo responsabile fosse facile. Come fare? Se qualcuno di voi è incredibilmente ricco, sarebbe bello creare un think tank apartitico la cui unica missione sarebbe quella di fare sondaggi tra gli esperti su tutte le principali questioni politiche, per poi mettere questi numeri a disposizione di noi elettori costretti finora all'astensione.

https://wollenblog.substack.com/p/why-im-not-voting-in-todays-election

INTRODUCTION Voting as an Ethical Issue - The Ethics of Voting by Jason Brennan

INTRODUCTION Voting as an Ethical Issue - The Ethics of Voting by Jason Brennan.  #feticismodemocratico  #patentedivoto  #elettorereale  #egonarcisismo  #doveredinonvoto  #analogiafreespeech #nonbastaleggereilgiornale #glielettorinnsonotuttiuguali

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INTRODUCTION Voting as an Ethical IssueRead more at location 66

Note: le domande a cui risponde il libro le 2 tesi del libro le colpe di chi vota voto etica e laicità un idea di democrazia come vota l elettore medio irrazionalità e etica del voto Edit

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WHY VOTING MATTERSRead more at location 67

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The way we vote can help or harm people. Electoral outcomes can be harmful or beneficial, just or unjust.Read more at location 76

Note: ESTERNALITÀ DEL VOTO Edit

I argue that we have moral obligations concerning how we should vote. Not just any vote is morally acceptable.Read more at location 78

Note: TESI DEL LIBRO Edit

The purpose of this book is to determine whether a citizen should vote at allRead more at location 80

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Should citizens choose to vote or abstain? If a person is indifferent to the outcome of an election, should she abstain? When citizens do vote, how should they vote? May voters use their religious beliefs in deciding how to vote? Must voters vote sincerely, for the candidate or position they believe best? What counts as voting for the best candidate? In particular, should voters vote solely for their own interest, or should they vote for the common good, whatever that is? Is it ever acceptable to buy, sell, or trade votes?Read more at location 81

Note: DOMANDE A CUI SI.RISPONDERÀ Edit

WHAT VOTING IS NOTRead more at location 89

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When you order salad at a restaurant, you alone bear the consequences of your decision. No one else gets stuck with a salad.Read more at location 91

Note: MERCATO Edit

Now, in voting, nobody chooses by herself. Each vote counts, but it does not count much. We decide electoral outcomes together.Read more at location 97

Note: SCELTA COLLETTIVA Edit

Even though individual votes almost never have a significant impact on election results in any large-scale election, I argue that this does not let individuals off the hook. Individual voters have moral obligations concerning how they vote.Read more at location 99

Note: TESI: IRRILEVANZA DEL.VOTO E IRRILEVANZA MORALE Edit

AGAINST THE COMMONSENSE VIEWRead more at location 108

Note: SENSO COMUNE Edit

Some call voting a civic sacrament. Many people approach democracy, and voting especially, with a quasi-religious reverence.Read more at location 110

Note: DOVERE CIVICO Edit

The Folk Theory of Voting Ethics:Read more at location 115

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Each citizen has a civic duty to vote.Read more at location 116

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any good faith vote is morally acceptable.Read more at location 118

Note: BUONA FEDE Edit

3. It is inherently wrong to buy or sell one’s vote.Read more at location 119

Note: COMPRAVENDITA DEL VOTO Edit

I argue for these claims: 1. Citizens typically have no duty to vote.7 However, if citizens do vote, they must vote well,Read more at location 131

Note: TESI DEL LIBRO Edit

Vote buying, selling, and trading are morally permissibleRead more at location 135

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1. When vote buying, selling, and trading are wrong, what makes them wrong is that they lead to violations of the duties described in point 1.Read more at location 136

Note: COMPRAVENDITA VS DOVERE DI VOTO Edit

I am not arguing that voters should vote for whatever they believe promotes the common good. Instead, I am arguing that voters ought to vote for what they justifiedly believe promotes the common good. So, on my view, if a voter votes for some candidate whom she believes will promote the common good, but this voter lacks good grounds for her beliefs, then the voter has acted wrongly.Read more at location 140

Note: CREDENZA FONDATA. UNICA GIUSTIFICANTE Edit

many politically active citizens—writers, activists, community organizers, pundits, celebrities, and the like—try to make the world better and vote with the best of intentions. They vote for what they believe will promote the common good. However, despite their best intentions, on my view, many of them are blameworthy for voting.Read more at location 148

Note: BUONE INTENZIONI E ASTINENZA Edit

THE RIGHT TO VOTE VERSUS THE RIGHTNESS OF VOTINGRead more at location 154

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I argue that some citizens should not vote. This does not imply that they should not have the right to vote.Read more at location 159

Note: IL DOVERE DI NN VOTARE Edit

People often assume that if it is morally wrong to do X, then it is morally permissible to stop people from doing X.Read more at location 162

Note: DOVERE DI VOTARE VS DIROTTO.DI VOTARE Edit

Sometimes it is wrong for you to do something, but the law and other people should allow you to do it.Read more at location 167

Note: LAICITÀ Edit

In general, if you have the right to do something, this does not presuppose that it is morally right for you to do it.10Read more at location 169

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Consider an analogy to the right of free speech. The right to free speech means, at the very least, that people should not be interfered with or punished for saying and writing certain things.12 This does not mean that saying anything one likes is morally right. Neo-Nazi rocker Michael Regener has the right to write music spreading the hatred of Jews.Read more at location 174

Note: ANALOGIA: FREE SPEECH Edit

IN PRAISE OF EQUAL VOTING RIGHTSRead more at location 181

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Why not have a poll exam—a test of competence that determines whether a citizen may vote? Or why not give extra votes to educated people, as Britain did until 1949?Read more at location 199

Note: ESAMINO? Edit

answering these questions goes largely beyond the scope of this book.Read more at location 201

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HOORAY, DEMOCRACYRead more at location 208

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Democracy is good because liberal, constitutional democratic governments perform well compared to the feasible alternatives.Read more at location 219

Note: DEMOCRAZIA EFFICIENTE Edit

That said, we should avoid democratic fetishism.Read more at location 223

Note: FETICISMO Edit

Actual human beings are wired not to seek truth and justice but to seek consensus. They are shackled by social pressure.Read more at location 227

Note: DISTORSIONI: EGOISMO.E NARCISISMO Edit

Unfortunately, this leaves us with a deep bent toward tribalism and conformity. Too much and too frequent democracy threatens to rob us of our autonomy.Read more at location 230

Note: TRIBALISMO E DEMOCRAZIA Edit

HOW GOOD ARE REAL VOTERS?Read more at location 236

Note: VALUTAZIONE Edit

you need both A and B to get C: A. Normative Theory: Voters ought to do X. B. Empirical Account: Voters in fact do Y. C. Evaluation of Actual Voters: Voters behave well/badly.Read more at location 241

Note: COME VALUTARE Edit

in chapter 7, I discuss B, social-scientific evidence describing how voters in fact behave. In light of this, I conclude C, that many voters in fact behave badlyRead more at location 245

Note: LA COMPETENZA DELL ELETTORE MEDIO Edit

Not all voters are equal. They have equal voting power, but their contributions are not of equal quality. Some people tend to make government better; some tend to make it worse.Read more at location 248

Note: DISEGUAGLIANZA FONDAMENTALE Edit

Some voters form their policy preferences by studying social-scientific evidence—from economics, sociology, and history—about how institutions and policies work. They are self-critical and use reliable methods of reasoning in forming their policy preferences. They actively engage contrary pointsRead more at location 253

Note: L ELETTORE IDEALE Edit

another way voters vary is in their degree of rationality.Read more at location 260

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For instance, a 2009 poll of likely voters in New Jersey showed that 8 percent of them (including 5 percent of Democrats and 14 percent of Republicans) believe that Barack Obama is the anti-Christ, while 19 percent of them (including 40 percent of self-identified left-liberals) believe George W. Bush had knowledge of the 9/11 attacks before 9/11.20Read more at location 261

Note: OBAMA È IL DEMONIO? BUSH ERA CONNIVENTE CON LE STRAGI? Edit

many voters in the 2008 U.S. presidential election rejected Obama on grounds that he is “a black Muslim terrorist-sympathizer.”Read more at location 265

Note: OBAMA MUSULMANO TERRORISTA Edit

One potential problem with campaigns to increase voter participation is that they might lower the average level of voter quality.Read more at location 267

Note: INCONVENIENTI DEL FETICISMO DEMOCRATICO Edit

Increased political participation could mean that most voters start asking for foolish, ineffective, or immoral policies.Read more at location 270

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Most activities—such as piloting aircraft, performing surgery, playing guitar, dancing, writing philosophy, nursing patients—require skill, training, and practice to do adequately.Read more at location 274

Note: LA PATENTE Edit

DIFFERENT WAYS TO BE INFORMEDRead more at location 279

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There are different kinds of information needed to vote well. It is one thing to know which policies different politicians favor and are likely to promote. However, it is another matter to have the relevant social-scientific knowledge needed to evaluate these positions.Read more at location 280

Note: NN BASTA CONOSCERE LE PROPOSTE. BISOGNA SAPERLE VALUTARE Edit

imagine you are choosing between two physicians who have proposed different treatments for your asthma.Read more at location 285

Note: ANALOGIA DEI DOTTORI Edit

EVERY VOTE COUNTSRead more at location 294

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Individual votes are of little instrumental value in influencing electoral outcomes or the quality of government. In the next chapter, we look more closely at attempts to show otherwise. These attempts fail. Collectively, votes matter. Individually, they do not.Read more at location 296

Note: VOTI CHE NN CONTANO Edit

I am not going to argue that because your vote is insignificant, you should not vote.Read more at location 298

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From my perspective, the insignificance of individual votes is neutral in how easy it makes it for me to argue in support of this book’s conclusions.Read more at location 301

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JUSTICE AND THE COMMON GOODRead more at location 307

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People who lack certain credentials (such as knowledge, rationality, and intellectual virtue) should abstain from voting.Read more at location 318

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Voters should not vote for narrow self-interest.Read more at location 320

Note: EGOISMO Edit

Because this book is meant to present a theory of voting behavior that is neutral among different theories of the ends of government, for the most part I remain relatively neutral about what the common good is.Read more at location 321

Note: INDIFFERENZA DEL BENE COMUME