fraintendere l'università

 https://www.facebook.com/riccardo.mariani.585/posts/pfbid02DkzAETnhqX8BV75KE1s5KdyfkgKH7pLPWeWTBDgBtKbNTr3CLiF6yb1fYKScdvzvl?__cft__[0]=AZUJriUrcVW82XwO7rX1UH9bVt9XfU03nHbi6M5oxLICMJsEmo5KkIICaQ5Pvpl0BLS90MyphcBbK_HqRk2MuT31G3PARs4Fj0ycribJ-LALu36IwH0Ba5YFfseICIIJcM72NudbOHikJnU-ziOnBAIvH1tm6ukeZMkAqUwVWMQjBg&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

perché l università è rossa?

Perché l'università è "rossa"?

Conoscete qualche prof. universitario che vota a destra? Forse da noi qualcuno è rimasto ma oltre oceano proprio nessuno. La destra in cattedra non è più nemmeno minoranza. Perché? Il mio pensiero: ormai, quelli che dovevano essere gli "studi superiori", sono stati compiutamente risucchiati nella scuola di massa. Il problema, quindi, è che il talento dei docenti si è diluito. Il docente medio di un'università oggi non è così brillante come il docente medio di un'istituzione analoga di 50 anni fa. I docenti di oggi possono avere un curriculum che sembra buono sulla carta. Sanno come giocare al gioco delle pubblicazioni. Hanno risorse molto migliori per fare ricerca rispetto a quelle che avevano cinquant'anni fa. Ma ciò che producono è un lavoro monotono e banale. Se non venisse mai pubblicato, nessuno ne sentirebbe la mancanza. Il problema è nato perché le università hanno smesso di assumere sulla base del talento. Hanno invece iniziato ad assumere per soddisfare i requisiti di diversità. In economia, questo significava assumere donne perché erano donne. Il problema dell'istruzione superiore è "la massa", sono affetti da "gonfiore". I corpi studenteschi sono "gonfi". Le facoltà sono "gonfie". E le amministrazioni sono "gonfie". Se i college e le università fossero di dimensioni adeguate, ovvero se reclutassero solo l'élite studentesca, molti dei problemi dell'istruzione superiore sarebbero risolti. La soluzione consiste nel ridurre le università. Sbarazzarsi della metà inferiore degli studenti (almeno) e trovare qualcos'altro da fare tra i 18 e i 22 anni. La diversità presuppone che il pool di talenti sia ampio. È possibile scegliere un maggior numero di donne e minoranze da quell'abbondante bacino di talenti, senza compromettere gli standard. In realtà, il bacino di talenti è piccolo e sono stati necessari grandi sacrifici negli standard per portare le donne e le minoranze a livelli "rappresentativi".

https://arnoldkling.substack.com/p/steve-teles-on-academia

LE BATTAGLIE DELLA DESTRA

https://feedly.com/i/entry/Nkn6RK6HwBgWrvMj84SxHg63I5Wn8O87ZvoPCQT30Mw=_16cb9260bdc:331df30:340e5e89

Riccardo Mariani

Adesso · 

LE BATTAGLIE DELLA DESTRA

Ci sono proposte per il futuro? Niente?

Ne faccio una io.

Avete presente il mantra per cui "l' Italia produce pochi laureati"? Prima o poi, purtroppo, verrà affrontato producendo una nuvola di chiacchiere in grado di obnubilare il metodo adottato per risolverlo, ovvero abbassare ulteriormente gli standard delle nostre università.

Ecco, opporsi a questa prevedibile tendenza futura potrebbe essere una buona battaglia per la destra.

THEATLANTIC.COM

Has College Gotten Too Easy?

Time spent studying is down, but GPAs are up.

Mi piace

3 Why Most Academic Advertising Is Immoral Bullshit

3 Why Most Academic Advertising Is Immoral Bullshit
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Wharton, Harvard Business School, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Georgetown’s McDonough School of Business,
Note:IN COMPETIZIONE X IL MBA

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EMBA programs are highly profitable. They’re expensive, but the students’ employers often pay their tuition.
Note:RESA

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Many universities advertise to enhance their prestige. As an analogy, you might be surprised to see BMW, Mercedes Benz, or Rolex advertise to audiences that cannot afford their products.
Note:ANALOGIA

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All things equal, the lower a university’s acceptance rate, the more prestigious it is.
Note:LA STRANEZZA

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They want to trick the students into applying, so they can reject them, thus ensuring that the schools maintain a lower acceptance rate.
Note:HARVARD E YALE E LA PRESSIONE SUI DISPERATI

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we’ll examine how they promise (or at least strongly insinuate) that they will transform students, teach them to think, and turn them into leaders.
Note:LE PALLE

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They are not exactly lying, but selling snake oil.
Note:INTENDIAMOCI

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Transformative Experience!
Note:Ttttttttttt

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Harvard University offers a “transformative education.”
Note:IL MOTTO

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“helping students grow intellectually, spiritually and emotionally
Note:AGEORGETOWN U

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“develops principled leaders committed to serving both business and society.”
Note:GEORGETOWN

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is committed to the idea of a liberal arts education through which students think and learn across disciplines, literally liberating or freeing the mind to its fullest potential.
Note:YEALE AH AH AH

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you will learn to read critically, write cogently and think broadly.
Note:PRIVETON

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You’ll be ready to live, work, and lead across global borders.”
Note:AMHREST COLLEGE

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At Northwood University, leadership isn’t simply taught, it’s instilled.
Note:ES

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at the “edge of possible . . . also known as the University of New Hampshire . . . there’s a new opportunity around every corner,
Note:ESEMPIO

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George Mason University offers “a college experience like no other.” Their “top priority is to provide students with a transformational learning experience
Note:ESEMPIO

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Two hours away, competitor James Madison University offers “A Better You.”
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Southern Methodist University proclaims, “World Changers Shaped Here.”
Note:ES

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Hillsdale College “offers an education designed to equip human beings for self-government.
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US college spends about $472,000 a year on marketing advertisements.
Note:MARKETING

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a growing minority have started outsourcing their marketing to public relations firms,
Note:OUTSOURCI G MARKET

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While some marketing may be necessary to sustain recruitment, every dollar spent on marketing has any number of other potential uses:
Note:LO SPRECO

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The Wonder of the Liberal Arts!
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Even engineering and business schools require students to spend far more time learning theory and abstract concepts
Note:SCUOLE NN PROFESSIONALI

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focus on the liberal arts.
Note:IL CENTRO

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Why study the liberal arts?
Note:LA DOMANDA

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the intellectual skills of critical thinking, analysis of information, and effective expression of ideas.
Note:COSA INSTILLA L ARTE LIBERALE

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how to think.
Note:PRI.MO BENEFICIO

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how to learn.
Note:SECONTO

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see things whole.
Note:TERZO

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enhances students’ wisdom
Note:QUARTO

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contributes to the students’ happiness.
Note:QUINTO

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To be liberally educated is to be transformed.
Note:ALTRA SLOGAN

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frees your mind and helps you connect dots
Note:ALTRA

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how to communicate your ideas; find and analyze information and data; adapt to new technology and professional trends; work with others to solve problems; and make confident, knowledgeable decisions.
Note:ALTRA ESPOSIZ VIRTÙ

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appreciation for critical inquiry and independent thought and reasoning.
Note:COSA ENFATIZZA

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help students write and communicate clearly; assist students in thinking through hard problems; and make students morally better and more aware, with a wider perspective. The word “transform” appears again and again.
Note:ALTRO ELENCHINO

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Why Study Philosophy?
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To parents, philosophy may sound useless:
Note:IL PROBLEMA

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Studying philosophy improves your writing, communication, thinking, finding connections, evaluating ideas, and so on. It prepares you for everything.
Note:TENTATIVI DI RIMEDIARE

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philosophy itself brings unique benefits, especially in terms of standardized test preparation.
Note:IN PIÙ

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Philosophy majors have the fourth highest overall GMAT scores of any major,
Note:I CAVALLI DI BATTAGLIA UNO...

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Philosophy majors have the highest average LSAT
Note:SECONDO

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Philosophy majors have the highest average GRE verbal and analytic writing scores
Note:TERZO

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Philosophy majors have the highest midcareer salaries of all non-STEM majors,
Note:QUARTO

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Philosophy students learn how to write clearly, and to read closely, with a critical eye; they are taught to spot bad reasoning, and how to avoid it in their writing and in their work.
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Studying philosophy can also help you get into graduate school. Philosophy majors excel on standardized tests like the GRE, GMAT, and LSAT.
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The study of philosophy develops one’s abilities to read and understand difficult material,
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they claim that studying philosophy makes you not only better at, well, doing philosophy, but also it trains you to be good at critical thinking in any and every walk of life. They do not just claim that the skills could be transferred to any area, but that studying philosophy, in fact, will induce you to transfer and apply those skills elsewhere.
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Selection versus Treatment Effects
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“Drink this tea concoction every day for seven to ten days, and the cold is certain to go away.”
Note:A ROCETTA DELLA NONNA

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colds generally disappear after seven to ten days anyway.
Note:EFFETTO SELEZIONE

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Aiden’s teacher said, “We know we’re doing great work when we see them like this. They’re so much more mature now than they were three years ago.” Once again, Jason bit his tongue, but later said to his wife: “Yes, of course, they’re more mature. They started the program at age 3, and now they’re 6.”
Note:ALTRP ESEMPIO

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People with bachelor’s degrees are generally smarter and more successful than people without bachelor’s degrees.
Note:COME INTERPRETI?

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we would need to determine if A) philosophy makes people smarter, B) the people who study philosophy are, on average, smarter, or C) both statements are true.
Note:INDETERMINATO

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When laypeople see graphs showing that philosophy majors have high GRE and LSAT scores, they tend to assume, “Wow, philosophy must make you smart, or at least teach you how to do well on such tests.”
Note:LAYPEOPLE

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Treatment Effect: People who study philosophy become smarter
Note:1

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Selection Effect: The people who choose to major in philosophy and who obtain a degree in philosophy are already smarter
Note:2

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Obviously, a great deal of it is selection. After all, Harvard is exceptionally selective.
Note:CONGETTURA

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classics are hard and require a lot of work and effort.
Note:IL LICEO CLASSICO...NN TI PREPARA MA SELEZIONA

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Universities, liberal arts divisions, and philosophy departments generally aren’t in a position to justifiably make such claims. They don’t know if these claims are true. Thus, we’ll argue, they’re engaging in what we’ll call “negligent advertising.”
Note:IL PUNTO

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Negligent Advertising: The Pfizer Analogy
Note:Tttttttttttt

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Introducing Collegra! Collegra is a drug unlike any other. If you take Collegra 256 times a year for four years, Collegra will improve your critical reasoning, moral reasoning, analytic, and quantitative skills. It will transform you into a better person with a global mindset. It will make you able to face any challenge. It will prepare you for any job. It will dramatically improve your cognitive skills. It will make you score higher on standardized tests, such as the LSAT or GMAT. Furthermore, it will help you make more money! Indeed, Collegra users, on average, earn an extra million dollars of lifetime income compared to nonusers. The cost of Collegra varies from person to person. Collegra is not covered by your insurance.
Note:PYBBLICITÀ DELLA PFIZER

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Warning: Taking Collegra is more like undergoing chemotherapy than taking a pill. Users need to spend at least thirty hours a week for thirty weeks a year over four years for it to be effective. Most users will be unable to work at a job while taking Collegra. Side effects include increased tendency to engage in binge drinking and to acquire tens of thousands of dollars in debt. If
Note:Ccccccccccc

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Now imagine that Pfizer sincerely believes everything it says. But suppose Pfizer has not engaged in any of the standard testing that drug companies must conduct in order to sell drugs in the US or Europe. They have conducted no clinical trials. They have done no randomized controlled experiments.
Note:CONTROFATTUALE

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All they have, at most, are various statistics showing that drug users outperform nondrug users. Suppose, also, that they have good reason to suspect that their “findings” are the result of a selection effect, because Pfizer itself has explicitly chosen to only administer their drug to smart, conscientious, perseverant, and already successful people.
Note:Ccccccccccc

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would Pfizer’s advertisement be unethical?
Note:DOMANDA

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Negligent advertising: Selling a product based on the claim that the product delivers certain benefits, despite lacking evidence that the product, in fact, delivers those benefits.
Note:LA PAROLA GIUSTA

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Negligent advertising is bad, but just how bad depends, in part, on the cost of the product.
Note:INOLTRE

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If Pfizer engaged in any of this behavior, our academic colleagues would be up in arms.
Note:FONTE DELL INDIGNAZIONE

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But, perhaps not surprisingly, we college professors hold ourselves and our employers to far lower moral standards than we hold others.
Note:IPOTESI

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Problem 1: Universities Do Not Test Their Products
Note:Ttttttttrrrr

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Problem 2: Evidence of Selection Effects
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fact, we already have strong evidence of a selection effect. High school students who say they intend to major in philosophy have significantly higher than average SAT scores.
Note:INDIZIO

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In general, studies on the positive benefits of philosophy are inconclusive; some show no effect, some show a negative effect, and some find a weak positive effect.
Note:LA REALTÀ

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writing skills, lifetime income, employment rates, marital satisfaction, health, and whatnot.
Note:SUCCESSO =

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“If 1,000 people with an IQ of 130, identical socioeconomic backgrounds, etc., go to Harvard, and 1,000 otherwise identical people go to a no-name school, how much better, on average, will the Harvard graduates do in life, if at all?”
Note:LA DOMANDA

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Stacy Dale and Alan Krueger
Note:GLI ESPERTI

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Bill Easterly
Note:ALTRO GURU

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Krueger and Dale studied what happened to students who were accepted at an Ivy or a similar institution, but chose instead to attend a less sexy, “moderately selective” school. It turned out that such students had, on average, the same income twenty years later as graduates of the elite colleges.
Note:SINTESI DEGLI STUDI

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Problem 3: Evidence of Signaling
Note:Ttttttttttt

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The “Harvard” name adds a little in the short run, but not much in the long run.
Note:ATENZIONE

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why, in general, college students make more money than others? There are two basic theories that could explain this: •Human capital theory: Wages are determined by productivity, and productivity is determined by skills.
Note:PRIMA DOMANDA E PRIMA RISPOSTA

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Signaling theory: It’s difficult and costly for employers to sort good potential employees from bad ones. However, to complete a college degree, especially from an “elite” school or with a “difficult” major, requires students to pass a lengthy and difficult admission process, and then survive four years of jumping through hoops, pass mentally difficult (even if useless) classes, and so on.
Note:SECONDA TEORIA

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Academic marketing pushes the human capital theory. But it’s possible that the signaling theory explains some, most, or even all of the gains college graduates receive.
Note:LA SFIDA

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Bryan Caplan’s The Case Against Education
Note:L ESPERTO

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Problem 4: Evidence Most Students Don’t Learn Soft Skills
Note:TtttttttttttSoft...critical thinking analitical thinking problem solving writing

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nonrandom selection is at play
Note:IL PROBLEMA DEI TEST

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In principle, we could test majors by testing students’ skills before college, randomly assigning thousands of students to different majors, and then test them again after they complete their majors.
Note:IL TEST IDEALE

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However, it’s easier to measure whether college as a whole adds value.
Note:AV

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it’s possible these skills fade away after students leave college.
Note:DISSOLVENZA

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Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa published Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses.
Note:OPUS

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depressing statistics.
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critical thinking, analytical reasoning, problem solving, and writing.”
Note:SOFT SKILL

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the CLA tests the soft skills that liberal arts curricula are supposed to “instill,”
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our best available long-term, comprehensive study found no evidence that most students learn much.
Note:CONLUSIONE

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Problem 5: Students Don’t Seem to Transfer Soft Skills
Note:Tttttttttt

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these classes teach students how to think.
Note:ASSUNTO DELLE LIBERAL ARTS....FILOSOFIA CLASSICI LEYTERATURA...

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logic, analysis, conceptual clarification, and interpretation.
Note:LE SKILLS SELLE LIBRAL ARTS

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isolate cause and effect, to assess reasons, and to evaluate arguments.
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A liberal arts major can learn “hard skills” specific to this or that job in a few weeks,
Note:LE VIRTÙ

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Most professors continue to take it for granted;
Note:DOGMA

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Liberal arts schools do not merely claim that their students will be interpreting Shakespeare, reading difficult historical texts, or finding holes in philosophical arguments. They assert that students can and will use those “skills” to interpret the stock market, devise better marketing methods, read difficult corporate memos, or find holes in a strategic business plan.
Note:TRANSFERT LEARNING

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As Caplan summarizes: Can believers in the power of learning-how-to-think back up teachers’ boasts with hard evidence? For the most part, no.
Note:LETTERATURA TRANSFERT LEARNING

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As a rule, students only learn the material you specifically teach them
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Richard Haskell
Note:GURU

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research findings over the past nine decades clearly show that as individuals, and as educational institutions, we have failed to achieve transfer of learning on any significant level.
Note:CONCLUSION

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Douglas Detterman
Note:GURU

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there is very little empirical evidence showing meaningful transfer to occur
Note:CONC

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Terry Hyland and Steve Johnson
Note:GURU

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we believe that the pursuit of [general transferable] skills is a chimera-hunt,
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How do educational psychologists know? One way is to run experiments.
Note:PRIMA VIA DI CONOSCENZA

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Another investigative strategy is to ask students to apply their classroom skills outside the classroom, and then see if they’re any good at it. In general, they’re not.
Note:ALTRA VIA

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Barry Leshowitz
Note:IL GIR

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Leshowitz gave students an easy question. These students had spent years training to answer questions like this, but couldn’t do it.
Note:I SUOI ESPERIMENTI

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Summary
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What Should We Do about It?
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While drug companies are subject to FDA regulations and can be sued
Note:LA DIFFERENZA

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Regulate academic marketing the way we regulate other forms of marketing,
Note:PRIMA SOLUZIONE

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Launch and succeed in a class-action lawsuit
Note:2

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Face competition from alternative forms of education
3

L’UNIVERSITA’ COME CARCERE

L’UNIVERSITA’ COME CARCERE

Tra gli studenti universitari la depressione colpisce sei volte di più che tra la popolazione. I dottorandi hanno tassi di depressione pari solo a quelli dei carcerati.

https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2019/04/sentences-to-ponder-109.html

LE SPLENDIDE UNIVERSITÀ AMERICANE

Riccardo Mariani

Ieri alle 07:30 · 

LE SPLENDIDE UNIVERSITÀ AMERICANE (2)

Sono anche posti in cui se entri FINGENDO di essere una star sportiva tutti si indignano.

Se invece entri ESSENDO una star sportiva nessuno si indigna.

LE SPLENDIDE UNIVERSITÀ AMERICANE (1)

Ma secondo voi, quei genitori che baravano sui test d'ingresso erano gente pronta a tutto affinchè i loro pargoletti imparassero le cose preziosissime che solo Yale insegna così bene?

L'UNIVERSITA' ADAMANTINA

Riccardo Mariani

Adesso · 

Amazon

 · 

Gli studi superiori devono essere ostici e prolungati. Lo sforzo dello studente, infatti, è come il prezzo per il diamante.

Qualora il prezzo dei diamanti collassasse al livello della plastica, la loro bellezza resterebbe immutata ma nessuno li guarderebbe più.
#Amazon

The Case against Education: Why the Education System Is a Waste of Time and Money

Why we need to stop wasting public funds on educationDespite being immensely popular--and immensely lucrative—education is grossly overrated. In this explosive…

AMAZON.COM

Segreto svizzero

Alberto Lusiani

14 h · 

Articolo del Financial Times, su uno degli elementi del successo economico svizzero, il sistema di apprendistato.

Switzerland thrives on apprenticeship tradition

World-class vocational training ensures pool of highly skilled workers

FT.COM