HL DA FINIRE 7. THE TURNING POINT TROUBLE WITH STOCKINGS

7. THE TURNING POINT TROUBLE WITH STOCKINGS
Note:7@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

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Lee became obsessed with making a machine that would free people from endless hand-knitting.
Note:WILLIAM LEE 1583…LE CUFFIE DI LANA IMPOSTE DALLA REGINA E LA NECESSITÀ DI PRODURNE MOLTE

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Finally, in 1589, his “stocking frame” knitting machine was ready. He traveled to London with excitement
Note:1589

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ask her for a patent that would stop other people from copying the design.
Note:LA RICHIESTA DI WILLIAM ALLA REGINA

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Consider thou what the invention could do to my poor subjects. It would assuredly bring to them ruin by depriving them of employment, thus making them beggars.”
Note:REAZIONE DELLA REGINA....ZERO CONCESSIONI...

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feared that the mechanization of stocking production would be politically destabilizing. It would throw people out of work,
Note:LA PAURA DEI SOVRANI

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The fear of creative destruction is the main reason why there was no sustained increase in living standards between the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions.
Note:LA TESI DI QS LIBRO....BEN ILLUSTRATTA DA LEE

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major innovations such as Lee’s stocking frame machine also threaten to reshape political power.
Note:IL RISCHIO...OLTRE A MINACCIARE I LAVORATORI

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it is often possible to bypass the resistance of workers such as hand-knitters. But the elite, especially when their political power is threatened, form a more formidable barrier to innovation.
Note:LE DUE RESISTENZE

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Prior to seventeenth-century England, extractive institutions were the norm throughout history.
Note:LA NORMA

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The growth they generated was not sustained, and came to an end because of the absence of new innovations, because of political infighting generated by the desire to benefit from extraction,
Note:IL DIFETTO DELLE ISTITUZIONI ESTRATTIVE

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The life expectancy of a resident of the Natufian village of Abu Hureyra was probably not that much different from that of a citizen of Ancient Rome.
Note:STASI

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inhabitant
DA FINIRE

Istituzioni e crescita

'via Blog this'



Cosa conta?  a) human capital is a more basic source of growth than
are the institutions, b) poor countries get out of poverty through good policies, often pursued by
dictators, and c) subsequently improve their political institutions.

Why nation fail

Indagine sulla ricchezza delle nazioni. Punta tutto sulle istituzioni, è lì che si crea sviluppo.

La tesi centrale: esistono due tipi di sviluppo: 1. lo sviluppo estrattivo che parte dal basso e imita e 2. lo sviluppo sulla frontiera tecnologica.

Per il primo tipo di sviluppo una dittatura illuminata è sufficiente: si copia dagli altri, si aprono le frontiere e si puo' fare buon lavoro.

Ma il secondo tipo di sviluppo richiede istituzioni flessibili. Perché? Perché l' innovazione richiede distruzione creativa, un lusso che le dittature (e anche molte democrazie anchilosate) non possono permettersi.