Visualizzazione post con etichetta todd buchholz price of prosperity. Mostra tutti i post
Visualizzazione post con etichetta todd buchholz price of prosperity. Mostra tutti i post

venerdì 14 febbraio 2020

IMMAGINARE + POLONIO.

QUANDO SHAKESPEARE NON RILANCIAVA I CONSUMI
Polonio è chiaro con il figlio Laerte: "non essere mai né mutuatario né prestaTore". Vade retro. Comunque non era un consiglio originale nella Danimarca medievale (e marcia). Ma tutto il medioevo scansava con orrore il mutuo e le sue peccaminose parti, forse sulla scorta della Bibbia medesima, dove si aggrottano ripetutamente le sopracciglia quando compaiono all'orizzonte questi due tristi figuri, e nel Levitico si organizza un anno giubilare in cui i debiti sono perdonati affinché si esorcizzi il maleficio. L'antica parola ebraica per "prestito a interesse" equivaleva a "morso del serpente". Una volta contratto il patto fatale, non restava che attendere che la vittima cadesse intossicata ai piedi del suo serpente-prestatore, il che, rinnovo dopo rinnovo, accadeva regolarmente. Nel Medioevo i sacerdoti si sono limitati a rafforzare il contenuto dell'antico messaggio, poco dopo aiutati dal bardo Shakespeare che incarnava l'epitome dell'uomo disgustoso nell'usuraio Shylock, sempre in cerca della sua tanto agognata libbra di carne umana. Insomma, le fonti religiose e classiche inviano un messaggio chiaro: il debito fa male. Nell'era preindustriale il debito è cattivo.
Poi arriva l'era industriale: il debito puo' fare anche bene, è il fallimento ad essere cattivo.
Infine, eccoci nella nostra era postmoderna: né il debito né il fallimento fanno male. Anzi, a ben vedere il fallimento nemmeno esiste, lo stigma dei secoli puo' dissolversi in un rassicurante e leggero nulla in cui volano i coriandoli delle banconote. I pezzi di carne tanto amati da Shylock sono stati rimpiazzati da anonimi pezzettini di carta, materia vile sempre disponibile. La stessa parolina "indebitamento" sparisce nel nulla della politica per essere sostituita da espressioni più urbane, tipo: "rilanciare i consumi".

IMMAGINARE LO STATO COME UNA FAMIGLIA.
Per me, almeno in economia, fa capire anche al profano molte cose sul disastro finanziario italiano. Ma guai se lo dici di fronte a certe persone, tipo quelle che scrivono qui sotto. Si arrabbiano, dicono che l'analogia trucca le carte in tavola. In genere si tratta di persone che vorrebbero aumentare - anziché diminuire - il già portentoso debito di stato. Alla persona della strada che dubita di questa ricetta urlano: "cretino, non ragionare come se lo stato fosse una famiglia, è tutta un'altra cosa!!!".
Forse hanno ragione, il debito di stato non è proprio come quello privato. E' peggio, molto peggio. Più insinuante, più pericoloso.
Supponiamo che tuo padre crepi, a quanto pare era un frequentatore compulsivo di casinò. Alla morte non erediti una cippa. Al funerale, mentre i becchini abbassano la bara, un avvocato che rappresenta i creditori in lutto ti prende da parte e dice: "mi dispiace per la sua perdita, ma vede, lei mi capirà, il suo papi aveva dei conti in sospeso, robetta, circa un milione di euro, sa com'è, sono certo che lei vorrà venirci incontro...". La tua risposta: "alt, esimio, la fermo subito, se vuole essere saldato salti pure nella buca con mio papà, perché i suoi debiti muoiono con lui. Davvero non lo sapeva? Non mi dica, come mi dispiace...". Del papi puoi ereditare il colore degli occhi, la mascella quadrata e la statura imponente: ma non i debiti, quelli no, se non ti va.
La situazione è triste, lo capisco, parliamo pur sempre di 1mln di euro. Ma non è necessariamente il male assoluto, si puniscono così i creditori malaccorti, e nella maggior parte dei casi, i creditori sono più sofisticati dei debitori ed erano in una buona posizione per controllare il rating del papi e le sue proprietà.
Quando i governi accumulano debiti, tuttavia, questi non muoiono nel momento in cui i politici generosi (con i soldi degli altri) vengono trombati. I debiti contratti per il reddito di cittadinanza di Di Maio non se ne vanno con lui, i debiti della quota 100 di Salvini, resteranno anche se lui dovesse sparire nel nulla domani. I debiti si moltiplicano creando un onere sempre maggiore per le generazioni a venire, quelle che non hanno ancora il diritto di voto e non contestano. Non si tratta di sfortuna ma di logica. Alcuni paesi, tipo noi, sono solo più "logici" di altri. Il famoso e fastidioso "no taxation without representation" puo' essere comodamente aggirato tassando le generazioni future, o Salvini vuole rappresentare anche quelle? E a noi, da bravi terroni, le comodità piacciono.

mercoledì 2 maggio 2018

CHAPTER 2 Melancholia Madeleine and the Paradox of Trade

CHAPTER 2 Melancholia Madeleine and the Paradox of Trade
Note:2@@@@@@@@@@@

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California pistachio growers asked whether I would speak
Note:CONFERENZA DAGLI AGRICOLTORI

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it is economical today to import water from the South Pacific,
Note:SI COMINCIA CON L ESALTAZIONE DEL LIBERO SCAMBIO

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the miracle of new transportation
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the owner of FIJI Water!” Gulp. The man’s name was Stewart Resnick,
Note:L ACQUA CHE VENIVA DALLE FIJI ERA DI UN AMERICANO IN OUTSOURCING

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This is a new world, where nothing on earth is far away from our grasp.
Note:UN NUOVO MONDO DOVE TITTO È VICINO

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we may depend on a guy named Stewart, who lives in Beverly Hills, to send us bottles designed by a talented graphic artist and filled with water from the tropics.
Note:INCREDIBILE GLOBAL

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consumers are devoted to their favorites—even though the basic ingredient is supposed to be pretty tasteless.
Note:LO STRANO MERCATO DELL ACQUA IN BOTTOGLIA

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If a government—whether dictatorial or parliamentary—could deliver American fizzy drinks to its people, that government had a better chance of clinging to power.
Note:LA SUPERPOTENZA

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leftist critics called it “Coca-Colonization.”
Note:NEO COLONIALISMO

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bubbly dark drink based on the traditional kvass,
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IL COMPETITOR IN URSS

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In War and Peace soldiers call it “pig’s lemonade.”
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Their expectations were low.
Note:PEE CHI VA BENE

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sipping Coca-Cola while in Krakow, Poland. They threw him into jail for this sin
Note:SPIE RUMENE BECCANO IL POLACCO

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“beverage of capitalist sports.”
Note:ACCUSA

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swirl of Coca-Cola’s red-and-white stripes popped up on kiosks across the country, symbolizing freedom and access
Note:SIMBOLO...DAL COMUNISMO ALLA COCA

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motto coined by the poet Juvenal was “bread and circuses,”
Note:COME SI GOVERNA

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1999
Note:ETIOPIA BBC

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“Coca-Cola shortage is being treated as a national emergency,”
Note:ETIOPIA

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In the 1980 cult movie, The Gods Must Be Crazy,
Note:UNA COCA PERSA NEL DESERTO CORROME L ANACORETA

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It must be holy, a gift from the gods!
Note:COCA DONO DI DIO

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Eventually, the gift ruins his tribe’s harmony
Note:PROSPERITÀ E ROVINA

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Now we ask ourselves, how does globalization impact the harmony of a nation?
Note:PIÙ IN GENERALE

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can a nation live without globalization?
Note:DOMANDA A LATERE

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Nations cannot grow and stay rich without trading with others. But trading with others eventually shakes the customs and character of the nation.
Note:IL PARADOSSO DEL CAPITOLO

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for us it is the supersharp photos of a Samsung Galaxy
Note:AL POSTO DELLA COCA

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colored dots that emerge from Damien Hirst’s
Note:O

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“Have these global marvels interrupted our lives
Note:PERICOLO

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Nostalgic feelings
Note:ONNIPRESENTE

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Proust’s Remembrance of Things Past
Note:UN CLASSICO

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when he tastes a baked madeleine dipped in tea.
Note:UN BRIVIDO LO PERCORRE

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memories of his youth:
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it is worse for us today.
Note:OGGI PEGGIO

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we miss the cookie because Nabisco has displaced the baker!
Note:ES

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I call the feeling “melancholia madeleine,”
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Melancholia madeleine is a syndrome that makes it very difficult to keep a country together.
Note:COESIONE A RIS CHIO

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skilled and successful artisans quickly sell their businesses to bigger brands
Note:DI SOLITO

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it is tough to conjure misty-eyed nostalgia for a company like 10 Barrel Brewing
Note:NIENTE ROMANTICISMO CON LE MULTINAZ

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old nations like Ragusa and Venice that grew rich by trading and then fell apart.
Note:LA STORIA SI RIPETE

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the Habsburg Dynasty that ruled Austria-Hungary, crumble like a stale linzer torte.
Note:ALTRO ES

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globalized economy can sap patriotism.
Note:SEMPRE COSÌ

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same forces that ripped apart nations brought us longer, healthier lives and
Note:ANXHE DL BENE

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IT’S HARD TO GET RICH WITHOUT TRADE
Note:Tttttttttttttt

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Milton Friedman endorsed my first book,
Note:UNA VITA AD ELOGIATE I COMMERCI

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Friedman holds up a pencil as a symbol of the wonders of free trade.
Note:MERAVIGLIA

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Oregon
Note:TAGLIA L ALBERO

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need steel for the saw.
Note:IL METALLO X LA SEGA

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fly to an iron mine in Brazil
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to Pittsburgh to figure out how to turn iron ore into steel.
Note:FUSIONE

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metal tip,
Note:ZINCO GHIERA

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graphite center,
Note:ALTRO ELEMENTO

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rubber eraser.
Note:ALTR ELEMENT

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trips to Sri Lanka and Indonesia.
Note:PER LA MATERIA PRIMA

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learning all the chemistry, engineering, and foreign languages
Note:LA BASE

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thirteen cents
Note:IL COSTO CHE BAGHI X LA MERAVIGLIA

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attractive graphic printing
Note:IN PIÙ DECORATA

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not the iron miner, the tree chopper, the rubber farmer, nor the graphic artist ever has to gather together
Note:NEZSUNA ASSEMBLEA!!!!

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No central planning
Note:NO ORGANIZZ

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the “invisible hand”
Note:COORDINAM

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have you ever heard of a shortage of pencils? Or price-gouging by pencil makers?
Note:MAI

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an aspirin pill
Note | Page: 37
ES ANCORA PIÙ SOFISTICATO

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airline jet engine
Note:ALTRO ES.

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how many hours does an average person have to work in order to earn enough money to live and buy the stuff he wants?
Note:UNITÀ DI MISURA IDEALE

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1870
Note:PERIODO

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thirteen.
Note:INIZIO DEL LAVORO

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death,
Note:FINE LAVORO

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three thousand annual hours “on the job,”
Note:OGNI ANNO

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eighteen hundred hours of home chores.
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61 percent of their waking hours working.
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1950
Note:CFR

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17.6 years
Note:ETÀ INIZIO

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spent only 45 percent of their waking hours working.
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Today,
Note:CFR

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twenty,
Note:INIZIO

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sixteen years in retirement,
Note:ATTESI

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spend only 28 percent of our waking
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how purchasing power has soared.
Note:TTTTTTTTTTTT

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Mark Perry has done us the favor of flipping through old Sears catalogs to compare prices over time.
Note:CFR CATALOGO A DISTANZA DI TEMPO

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1959,
Note:TEMPO

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labor for over a hundred hours to afford a washing machine.
Note:100 ORE LAVATRICE

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Today, it takes less than one-fourth as many hours.
Note:OGGI

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a week of labor;
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note how poor households have benefited.
Note:BENEFICI CONCENTRATI SUI POVERI

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In 1971 only about 20 percent of American homes owned a dishwasher
Note:LAVATRICE

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40 percent watched television
Note:TV COLORI

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By 2005 about 40 percent of poor families had a dishwasher
Note:CFR

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nearly all had at least one color television.
Note:Cfr

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As recently as 1965 one-third of British families lacked a refrigerator, which explains a lingering tolerance for room-temperature beer.
Note:LA BIRRA INGLESEE

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Soviet Union
Note:I PAESI CHE RIFIUTANO IL COMMERCI

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failing to keep up with the standards of 1917 Russia.
Note:URSS...IL PROB NN ERANO GLI STANDARD USA

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Cuba’s GDP per capita was near the top of Latin America’s rankings.
Note:PRIMA DI CASTRO 1959

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Cuba slipped to the bottom.
Note:DOPO

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Castro’s supporters might blame the plunge on the US embargo, but that makes my point:
Note:APPUNTO!!!!!!

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since 1959 the standard of living in Latin America has doubled.
Note:DATO MEDIO

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Cuba’s per capita GDP has hardly budged.
Note:CFR

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Vietnam versus Burma; Bangladesh versus Pakistan; and Costa Rica versus Honduras.
Note:CFR SENZA APPELLO

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economy grows stale and fetid, much like a badly aerated terrarium.
Note:AUTARCHIA

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a dank prison,
Note:NORD COREA

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the north was slightly wealthier than the south.
Note:COREE

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today the south is seventeen times wealthier
Note:NNOSTANTE GLI AIUTI

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South Koreans live ten years longer
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several inches taller.
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executions without trial
Note:I RECORD DEL NORD

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infant mortality rate (six times higher).
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economists, make a big mistake when they think that a country’s wealth rests on its natural resources
Note:RICCHEZZZA E RISORSE

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Hong Kong is a pile of rocks.
Note:ES

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The Netherlands was a swamp.
Note:ACQUITRINO

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Israel was a desert
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THE FREE MARKET IS NOT A PAIN-FREE MARKET
Note:Tttttttttttttttt

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some people lose when a country opens its markets.
Note:AMMETTIAMOLO

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hard to find a shoe that is made in America.
Note:PURTROPPO

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countries need trade but trade can crumble loyalties.
Note:PARADOSSO RIPETUTO

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WHAT IS RAGUSA?
Note:Tttttttttttt

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During Renaissance times, the Republic of Ragusa was a glorious place
Note:DI COSA PARLIAMO

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Today, Ragusa has a different name, Dubrovnik, and each year 15 million tourists trample each other
Note:OGGI

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Serafino Razzi described Ragusa’s tasty wines, sweet pears,
Note:DOMENICANO DEL 1500

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Before most of Europe, Ragusa built sewer and drainage systems
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From 1358 to 1806 Ragusa displayed the word LIBERTAS on its flag
Note:SIMBOLICO

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only town along the Dalmatian coast not governed by Venice.
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frequently threatened by Turks, Venetians, and brigands
Note:NN UN PARADISO

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Ragusa built walls to protect itself
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To keep its independence the Ragusa republic relied on bribes, spying, trickery, and feigning.
Note:METODO

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“We the sworn servants of your majesty
Note:AGLI AUSTRIACI

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“We are always devoted to you.”
Note:CAELI V

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“Twelve galleys of the Pope have united with 49 of the King of Spain
Note:SPIATA AI TURCHI

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in the name of the whole Christian Republic . . . under the banner of Christ.”
Note:GIURAMENTO AGLI ASBURGO

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“We care more for the lowest of the servants and slaves of your Highness than for all the Christians.”
Note:AI TURCHI

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This duplicitous yet understandable strategy worked quite well
Note:DOPPIA FACCIA

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But in 1806 Ragusa collapsed before Napoleon,
Note:IL COLLASSO

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Ragusa did not fall because it was too poor. Ragusa fell because it was too rich
Note:TROPPO RICCA X STARE LIBERA

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Ragusa’s surging standard of living pushed down the birthrate,
Note:SPECIE TRA I RICCHI

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Ragusa’s libertas was indeed undermined by gold.
Note:STATO FALLITO...MA NN COME LA GRECIA DI OGI

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From throughout the world,
Note:DA DOVE ARRIVAVA LA RICCHEZZA?

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In the streets vendors squawked in Latin, Arabic, Russian, and a variety of African dialects.
Note:TUTTE LE LINGUE

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living went up, but communication grew tougher and loyalties frayed.
Note:RICCHEZZA SU RELAZIONI GIÙ

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Ragusa was not willing to defend itself
Note:SPESA X LA DIFESA

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witness decried the “blindness of the people and the bourgeoisie who receive the French with open arms.”
Note:LUIGI VILLARI SUI NAPOLEONICI A RAGUSA

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WHERE HAVE ALL THE HABSBURGS GONE?
Note:Tttttttttt

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all that is left of the Habsburgs is a homburg hat.
Note:DISINTEGRATO

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Austria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, and the Balkans.
Note:DOMINIO

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reigned over most of Mitteleuropa, along the Adriatic through Ragusa down to Montenegro, and as far to the east as Dracula’s castle in Transylvania.
Note:REGNO

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an empire made up of too many peoples, too many customs, and too many lands.
Note | Page: 45
PERCHÈ ESPLOSI?

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Habsburgs disintegrated with World War I.
Note:I GUERRA

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Franz Joseph
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The economy had been growing fitfully in the late 1700s and early 1800s.
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Austrian weavers began to import British machines
Note:NEL OTTOCENTO

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government lifted tariff barriers
Note:1851

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abolished guilds,
Note:1859

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accelerated sharply between 1850 and 1873.
Note:MODRNIZZAZIONE

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Grunderzeit (literally, the “founder epoch”),
Note:NOME DEL XDIODO

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The opening of cafés symbolized rising disposable incomes.
Note:CAFFÈ FAMOSI

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galloping GDP,
Note:TRA IL 1870 e 1914

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fertility rate decreased from 1850 to 1910
Note:INDIZIO

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economy roared, expanding by 128 percent.
Note:1870 1910

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rising incomes sparked more ethnic conflict than stagnant incomes
Note:SCINTILLA

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When Prime Minister Badeni, a Polish count, proclaimed that all bureaucrats must speak German and Czech,
Note:DISORDINI CONTINUI

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With easier trade flows across borders, the population of Vienna multiplied fourfold between 1850 and 1910
Note:COSMOPOLITA

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even before World War I, the Viennese complained of a siege—but from fellow Austrians purportedly carrying diseases and lower wages.
Note:IL LAMENTO DELLA COSMOPOLITA

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deemed a “political unreliable.”
Note:CHI VENIVA DA FUORI

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fistfights among shoppers because newcomers “touch the merchandise, put it back, haggle over the price and then don’t buy it in the end.”
Note:TENSIONE

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“When Viennese musicians and singers perform in Budapest, it is a cause of public annoyance.”
Note:CAMPANILISMO

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SCOTLAND THE BRAVE AND CONFUSED
Note:Tttttttttttt

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rich nations have fewer babies and therefore require immigrants,
Note:PRIMO PARADOSSO...VEDI CAP PRECEDENTE

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get rich and stay rich, nations must trade with foreigners—are sparking nationalist and separatist movements
Note:SECONDO PARADOSSO QS CAPITOLO

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“We don’t want your United Colors of Benetton!”
Note:CONTRO IL MULTICULTI

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On September 18, 2014, the Scots rushed into voting
Note | Page: 49
ESEMP

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The independence movement received about 45 percent of the vote, an impressive performance considering that the Tory and Labour parties battled on the same side
Note:SUCCESSONE NONOSTANTE...

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businesses threatened to flee
Note:E NNOSTANTE...

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Scotland is far wealthier than it was in 1970 or 1950,
Note:LA POVERTÀ NN C ENTRA NULLA

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a large proportion of Scots believe that this wealth has come at too high a price:
Note:MA

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too many foreigners,
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too many able-bodied adults on the dole,
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resentment has intensified as Scotland has grown wealthier.
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The splintering forces of entropy, not economic desperation,
Note:FORZE DEL SEPARAZIONISMO

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FROM “MADE IN USA” TO “MADE WHEREVER IT’S CHEAPER”
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

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We have grappled with the idea of machines replacing people ever since the first ancient Roman
Note:DA SEMPRE

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used a plank and heavy stones
Note:I VIGNAIOLI

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asking women to stomp
Note:PRIMA

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rocks can replace feet in winemaking.
Note:CATONE IL VECCHIO PREOCCUPATO

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Taxi drivers do not like Uber
Note:IL DIBATTITO CONTINUA

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Soon Uber drivers will resent Google’s self-driving vehicles.
Note:UNA CATENA

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Workers feel threatened by a combination of foreign machines and foreign people.
Note:FOREIGN

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threatens to bleed patriotism out of nations.
Note:LA GLOBALIZZAZ

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We have moved from “MADE IN USA” to “MADE IN WHEREVER’S CHEAPER.”
Note:LA TRADIZIONE

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At first the outsourcing boom of the 1990s hurt only uneducated Americans who lost factory jobs
Note:PRIMA SOLO A BASSA ISTRUZ

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Then call centers in India wiped out Dell Health Care
Note:POI

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Indian radiologists can read a cancer screening just as well as an American,
Note:POI

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a Filipino accountant can fill out a 1040 tax return without missing a decimal point.
Note:POI

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McKinsey estimates that for every dollar of U.S. corporate spending in India, the United States gains $1.14.
Note:1 vs 1,14

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Let’s say that Santa Claus began delivering free toys and clothing all across the United States. Would the United States be better off?
Note:ESPERIMENTO MENTALE

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we could spend our time making other things,
Note:OVVIO CHE SÌ

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would everyone be better off? No.
Note:NO

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Employees of Mattel
Note:ESEMPIO

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Santa a particularly unfair trade competitor
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After the Civil War, for example, many New England textile factories slinked off to the South, taking jobs with them.
Note:UN PRECEDENTE

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Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia.
Note:UN NOME UN PROGRAMMA

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Despite foreign threats, Venice managed to bring riches to its citizens through shipping, banking, the spice trade, bookbinding, and glassblowing
Note:MINACCE

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what sector did Venice outsource, plunging the republic into mortal danger?
Note:QUESITO

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Venice outsourced their safety, their military.
Note:MERCENARI

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from France and Holland.
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if your enemy is willing to pay more,
Note:IL PDOB CON I MERCENARI

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when the Ottomans dangled more gold in front of the Venetian navy, the navy simply switched flags.
Note:IL MOMENTO DECISIVO

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Venetian senate then hiked taxes on workers and businessmen to buy back naval loyalty,
Note:TASSE SU

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Assaulted by pirates, in 1600 Venice’s shippers were forced to pay higher insurance premiums,
Note:ASSICURAZ

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In 1615 French mercenaries plotted to seize and blow up the doge’s palace
Note:RIBELLIONE

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Shakespeare wrote of Venice’s mercenaries in Othello.
Note:GIUSTO DUE ANNI PRIMA

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the real tragic history of Venice came from believing that military loyalty can be bought and secured,
Note:L ERRORE

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WHAT’S AN AMERICAN BRAND?
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

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only 43 percent of Millennials consider themselves “very patriotic,”
Note:PATRIOTTISMO

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United States should have a basic “American” culture and a set of values,
Note:VERO SOLO X IL 54

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it had grown richer by targeting China and becoming less American, but then became poorer because its new customers in China perceived it as too American.
Note:PARADOSSO YUM

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build other institutions that can bring people together in spirit and work.
Note:DI COSA ABBIAMO BISOGNO...

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For every Mark Zuckerberg in his dorm room, thousands of young men in hoodies are sitting on a sofa in their mom’s basement,
Note:TRADE OFF

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The maldistribution of income and work ethic breeds resentment and selfishness at both ends of the spectrum.
Note:DISTRIBUZIONE DI REDDITO...INTELLUGENZA VOGLUA DI LAVORARE...MALCONTENTO OVUNQUW...I RICCHI PENSANO DI MANTENERE TUTTI

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the top 10 percent pay over 70 percent of the taxes.
Note:I RICCHI TIRANO LA CARRETTA

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Young people and older people have lost confidence.
Note:FIDUCIA

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Baby boomers are growing nostalgic,
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only 29 percent think life has improved since the 1960s.
Note:MIGLIORAMENTI...USA

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shorter life of the 1960s appears to be a better life.
Note | Page: 58
VITA BREVE MA MIGLIORW

martedì 1 maggio 2018

DUE PARADOSSI

DUE PARADOSSI
Primo paradosso della modernità: i paesi ricchi fanno meno figli ed hanno quindi più bisogno di immigrati. Il multiculturalismo rende poi infelici e malinconici.
Secondo paradosso della modernità: per arricchirsi e rimanere tali occorre partecipare alla globalizzazione, ma questo alimenta i movimenti nazionalisti e separatisti.
AMAZON.COM
In this bold history and manifesto, a former White House director of economic policy exposes the economic, political, and cultural cracks that wealthy nations face and makes the case for transforming those same vulnerabilities into sources of strength—and the foundation of a national renewa...