Visualizzazione post con etichetta ambiente specie protette e parchi. Mostra tutti i post
Visualizzazione post con etichetta ambiente specie protette e parchi. Mostra tutti i post

mercoledì 11 settembre 2019

HL We are not edging up to a mass extinction + ANIMALI DA MUSEO

https://feedly.com/i/entry//cnXVr/5HNe2pDqTI3udBeVx4AbJSW9TNhacAl8h6Dc=_16d17c022a6:3583da6:f3f5f202

ANIMALI DA MUSEO
IL FALSO PROBLEMA: c'è un pericolo di estinzione per molte specie animali e vegetali... No, la biodiversità del pianeta non è mai stata tanto abbondante. La minaccia di estinzioni riguarda per lo più alcune isole (3% del pianeta) dove si sono introdotte specie non autoctone che devastano l'ecosistema esistente. Ma ormai sappiamo come fronteggiare efficacemente anche questa situazione: sterminare gli intrusi.
IL VERO PROBLEMA: alcuni vertebrati terrestri registrano una popolazione inferiore rispetto a quella storica.
Informazioni su questo sito web
AEON.CO
The idea that we are edging up to a mass extinction is not just wrong – it’s a recipe for panic and paralysis

Notebook per
We are not edging up to a mass extinction – Stewart Brand | Aeon Essays
Stewart Brand
Citation (APA): Brand, S. (2019). We are not edging up to a mass extinction – Stewart Brand | Aeon Essays [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com

Parte introduttiva
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 2
We are not edging up to a mass extinction– Stewart Brand | Aeon Essays By Stewart Brand
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 5
Threatened With Extinction’.
Nota - Posizione 5
LA SOLFA
Nota - Posizione 5
LA SOLFA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 6
The loss of whole species is not the leading problem in conservation.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 6
problem is the decline in wild animal populations,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 8
it introduces an emotional charge that makes the problem seem cosmic and overwhelming rather than local and solvable.
Nota - Posizione 9
IL DANNO DI QS ERRORE
Nota - Posizione 9
IL DANNO DI QS ERRORE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 11
the trends for conservation in this century are looking bright. We are re-enriching some ecosystems we once depleted and slowing the depletion of others.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 14
Many now assume that we are in the midst of a human-caused ‘Sixth Mass Extinction’ to rival the one that killed off the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 16
The five historic mass extinctions eliminated 70 per cent or more of all species
Nota - Posizione 16
Ccccc
Nota - Posizione 16
Ccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 29
The New York Times Magazine. ‘Ocean Life Faces Mass Extinction, Broad Study Shows,’
Nota - Posizione 30
TIPICA GAFFE
Nota - Posizione 30
TIPICA GAFFE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 32
The article noted that, in the centuries since 1500, some 514 species have gone extinct on land but only 15 in the oceans, and none at all in the past 50 years.
Nota - Posizione 33
UNA NOTIZIA POSITIVA PRESENTATA NEHATIVAMENTE
Nota - Posizione 33
UNA NOTIZIA POSITIVA PRESENTATA NEHATIVAMENTE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 42
No one really expects cod to go extinct, and yet the Red List describes them as threatened with extinction.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 43
John C Briggs,
Nota - Posizione 43
GURU
Nota - Posizione 43
GURU
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 45
The world’s greatest conservation problem is not species extinction, but rather the precarious state of thousands of populations that are the remnants of once widespread and productive species.
Nota - Posizione 47
RIASSUNTO
Nota - Posizione 47
RIASSUNTO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 47
point about oceanic islands
Nota - Posizione 47
Tttttttt
Nota - Posizione 47
Tttttttt
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 51
Many new species readily emerge on ocean islands because of the isolation, but there are few other species to co-evolve with and thus they have no defence against invasive competitors and predators. The threat can be total.
Nota - Posizione 53
INVASION
Nota - Posizione 53
INVASION
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 53
The island conservationist Josh Donlan estimates that islands, which are just 3 per cent of the Earth’s surface, have been the site of 95 per cent of all bird extinctions since 1600, 90 per cent of reptile extinctions, and 60 per cent of mammal extinctions.
Nota - Posizione 55
ISOLATA!!!!!
Nota - Posizione 55
ISOLATA!!!!!
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 55
losses are extremely local. They have no effect on the biodiversity and ecological health of the continents
Nota - Posizione 55
Ccccccccc
Nota - Posizione 55
Ccccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 57
The frightening extinction statistics that we hear are largely an island story, and largely a story of the past, because most island species that were especially vulnerable to extinction are already gone.
Nota - Posizione 58
Ccccccc
Nota - Posizione 58
Ccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 59
Since the majority of invasive species are relatively benign, they add to an island’s overall biodiversity.
Nota - Posizione 59
INOLTRE....
Nota - Posizione 59
INOLTRE....
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 60
non-native plants have doubled the botanical biodiversity of New Zealand
Nota - Posizione 60
Cc
Nota - Posizione 60
Cc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 65
But the main news from ocean islands is that new methods have been found to protect the vulnerable endemic species from their worst threat,
Nota - Posizione 66
NOVITÀ
Nota - Posizione 66
NOVITÀ
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 67
Rat Island: Predators in Paradise and the World’s Greatest Wildlife Rescue (2011) by William Stolzenburg.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 69
New Zealand conservationists were driven to desperation by the vulnerability of beloved unique creatures such as a ground-dwelling parrot called the kakapo. They decided to do whatever it took to eliminate every single rat on the kakapo’s island refuge. It took many seasons of relentless poisoning and trapping, but when it was done, it was really done. The kakapos could finally reproduce in safety, and did.
Nota - Posizione 72
Cccccc
Nota - Posizione 72
Cccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 73
More than 800 islands worldwide have now been cleansed of their worst extinction threat,
Nota - Posizione 74
Ccccccc
Nota - Posizione 74
Ccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 74
get rid of all the goats that were destroying Santiago, Pinta and Isabela islands in the Galapagos archipelago. It took years of work with high-powered rifles, hunting dogs, helicopters and ‘Judas goats’ to kill every single one of the 160,000 goats
Nota - Posizione 75
Ccccccc
Nota - Posizione 75
Ccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 80
What about the whole world that is facing climate change?
Nota - Posizione 80
Tttt
Nota - Posizione 80
Tttt
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 82
Everyone doing field research is discovering how sensitive the organisms they study are to slight changes in average temperature,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 83
But just because organisms are sensitive to change doesn’t mean they are threatened by it.
Nota - Posizione 84
Cccc
Nota - Posizione 84
Cccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 84
move, adapt or die.
Nota - Posizione 84
ALTERNATIVE
Nota - Posizione 84
ALTERNATIVE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 84
Evolution is far more rapid and pervasive than most people realise.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 86
‘It is only recently we have come to realise quite how much evolutionary change is going on.’
Nota - Posizione 87
Ccccc
Nota - Posizione 87
Ccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 88
global acceleration of evolutionary rates’.
Nota - Posizione 88
CAMBIAMENTO CLIMATICO
Nota - Posizione 88
CAMBIAMENTO CLIMATICO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 88
A major engine of accelerated adaptation and evolution, it turns out, is hybridisation. ‘Speciation by hybridisation is likely to be a signature of the Anthropocene,’ wrote Thomas in Nature in 2013.
Nota - Posizione 90
INCROCI
Nota - Posizione 90
INCROCI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 90
Molecular genetics is finding that hybridisation between species is more common than previously suspected.
Nota - Posizione 91
Cccccccc
Nota - Posizione 91
Cccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 96
warming climate tends to open the way for more species rather than fewer.
Nota - Posizione 96
IL CALDO FA BENE
Nota - Posizione 96
IL CALDO FA BENE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 98
Throughout 3.8 billion years of evolution on Earth, the inexorable trend has been toward an ever greater variety of species. With the past two mass extinction events there were soon many more species alive after each catastrophe than there were before it.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 103
My own prediction is that climate change will be deemed intolerable for humans long before it speeds up extinction rates,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 105
The danger that is clear and present remains what Briggs has called ‘the precarious state of thousands of populations that are the remnants of once widespread and productive species’.
Nota - Posizione 106
IL VERO XICOLO
Nota - Posizione 106
IL VERO XICOLO
Nota - Posizione 106
LA PAROLA
Nota - Posizione 106
LA PAROLA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 106
‘defaunation’.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 107
wildlife losses,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 107
Rudolfo Dirzo,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 107
terrestrial vertebrates
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 114
How important are large animals for moving nutrients around with their dung?
Nota - Posizione 115
RAGIONIAMO IN TERMINI DI ECOSISTEMA
Nota - Posizione 115
RAGIONIAMO IN TERMINI DI ECOSISTEMA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 118
The extinction vulnerability of a particular species might help to draw public attention to a damaged ecosystem,
Nota - Posizione 118
UTILITÀ
Nota - Posizione 118
UTILITÀ
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 120
The most relevant fact about the current cod population off of New England is not its relationship to zero (extinction) but that it is just 3 per cent of its historic size
Nota - Posizione 121
LA VERA PREOCCUP
Nota - Posizione 121
LA VERA PREOCCUP
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 122
The Red List categories read, in order: extinct; extinct in the wild; critically endangered; endangered; vulnerable (that goes for Atlantic cod); near-threatened; and least concern. ‘Least concern’ is strange language. What it means is ‘doing fine’.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 129
the common statement that ‘Species are going extinct faster than we can discover them’ does not hold up to scrutiny.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 130
paper in Science ‘Can We Name Earth’s Species Before They Go Extinct?’
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 131
the rate of documenting new species was 17,500 a year over the past decade, rising above 18,000 a year since 2006.
Nota - Posizione 132
Ccccc
Nota - Posizione 132
Ccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 133
With a realistic current extinction rate of less than 1 per cent of species per decade and a discovery rate of something like 3 per cent a decade, the authors conclude: ‘the rate of species description greatly outpaces extinction rates’.
Nota - Posizione 134
Cccccccc
Nota - Posizione 134
Cccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 141
when the Galapagos giant tortoise ‘Lonesome George’ died in June 2012 and was mourned worldwide. Dubbed ‘the rarest living creature’, he was (probably) the last of his subspecies. Ecologists shrugged. Taxonomists shrugged. There are 10 more subspecies of Galapagos tortoise.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 148
animal ‘translocations’ are a thrilling development in conservation.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 150
‘Reversing Defaunation: Restoring Species in a Changing World’ (2014) by the zoologist Philip Seddon

giovedì 22 novembre 2018

PARCHI DI MERDA

PARCHI DI MERDA
Per Starker Leopold un Parco nazionale non deve “conservare” ma “rappresentare”.
Rappresentare il nostro passato remoto. Se siamo vissuti in un ambiente sgradevole, il parco dovrà essere sgradevole. Se ci siamo estinti, il parco dovrà estinguersi.

E’ una nuova filosofia naturalista nata negli anni cinquanta a Yellowstone.

martedì 31 ottobre 2017

PROLOGO - HL Inheritors of the Earth: How Nature Is Thriving in an Age of Extinction Chris D. Thomas

Inheritors of the Earth: How Nature Is Thriving in an Age of Extinction
Chris D. Thomas
Last annotated on Tuesday October 31, 2017
82 Highlight(s) | 57 Note(s)
Yellow highlight | Location: 48
Prologue Gains and losses
Note:PROL@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 49
The Vale of York
Yellow highlight | Location: 51
brown bears
Note:DOVE PRIMA C ERA L ORSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 52
wild cattle
Yellow highlight | Location: 52
the most intensively farmed parts of England,
Yellow highlight | Location: 54
specks of poppy flowers
Note:LA VITA VARIA IN UN PAESAGGIO APPARENTEMENTE UNIFORME... PAPAVERI

Yellow highlight | Location: 54
Coppery pheasants are strutting in search of fallen seeds,
Note:FAGIANI

Yellow highlight | Location: 54
dowdy field voles
Note:TOPO CAMPAGNOLO

Yellow highlight | Location: 55
greenfly
Note:AFIDE

Yellow highlight | Location: 56
Rufous foxes
Note:PREDATORI... VOLPE

Yellow highlight | Location: 56
kestrels
Note:GHEPPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 57
harlequin ladybird beetles
Note:SCARABEI

Yellow highlight | Location: 59
The apparently denuded vale is full of species,
Note:PARADOSSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 59
harlequin ladybirds originated in Asia;
Note:QUASI TUTTI ANIMALI IMPORTATI...COCCINELLA

Yellow highlight | Location: 60
small-leaved pigmyweed in Tasmania;
Note:FELCE

Yellow highlight | Location: 60
poppies came as contaminants of grain from continental Europe;
Note:PAPAVERI

Yellow highlight | Location: 63
the basics of biology remain.
Note:ESITO

Yellow highlight | Location: 66
The rules of life continue, save Homo sapiens is now a key player.
Note:LA DIFFERENZA RISPETTO A IERI

Yellow highlight | Location: 67
human-modified Earth
Yellow highlight | Location: 68
Indian myna birds that are now at home in Florida,
Note:ESEMPI DI TRASFERIMENTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 68
agile mice that started life in Asia and then spread throughout the cities,
Yellow highlight | Location: 69
Australian wattle trees and previously endangered Californian pines that are growing wild in Africa.
Yellow highlight | Location: 71
The trickle of successful species1 taking advantage of human-created opportunities is becoming a torrent.
Note:LE SPECIE SALVATE INVOLONTARIAMENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 74
Anthropocene epoch.
Yellow highlight | Location: 74
converted a third of the world’s vegetation to produce our food,
Note:LA GRANDE TRASFO

Yellow highlight | Location: 75
diminishing space for wild plants and animals.
Note:SPAZI

Yellow highlight | Location: 76
acidified the oceans
Note:ALTRI CAMBIAMENTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 76
changed the climate
Yellow highlight | Location: 77
hunted most of the largest land animals
Yellow highlight | Location: 77
transporting voracious predators and virulent diseases
Yellow highlight | Location: 81
the scourge of the Earth,
Note:COSÌ CI SIAMO DIPINTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 85
nature is coping surprisingly well in the human era.
Note:SORPRESA... LA NATURA SI ADATTA A NOI

Yellow highlight | Location: 107
new species have colonized landscapes that contain a mixture of arable fields, pastures, hedgerows, plantations, orchards, logged forests, ditches and towns faster than the rate at which species that used to live in the original habitats have disappeared
Note:LA SCOPERTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 110
diversity has grown in nearly all regions of the world
Yellow highlight | Location: 113
Climate change is playing its part too. More species like it hot
Note:IL CLIMA CONTRIBUISCE

Yellow highlight | Location: 115
we have carried different species with us,
Note:5 CONTINENTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 116
We are acting as a global glue,
Yellow highlight | Location: 117
a New Pangea.
Note:IL MONDO È TORNATO A ESSERE UN SUPERCONTINENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 122
many more immigrant species have established new populations
Note:MIGRAZIONI FORZATE

Yellow highlight | Location: 123
immigration usually increases the diversity
Yellow highlight | Location: 125
The Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago, single cells came into existence over 3.5 billion years ago, creatures consisting of complex bodies took off in the last 600 million years, and the diversification of life on land has occupied the last 450 million years. On average, biological gains have tended to have the upper hand, and this increasing variety of life seems likely to continue
Note:PICCOLA STORIA DELLA TERRA.... UNA DIVERSITÀ CHE AUMENTA SENZA SOSTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 136
formation of new hybrid plant species in Europe and North America would appear to be faster
Note:IBRIDI CHE BATTONO L ESTINZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 138
less and less like their ancestors. Eventually, they will become separate species.
Note:L IBRIDO MUTA TOTALMENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 138
massive acceleration in the formation of new species
Yellow highlight | Location: 139
several million
Note:LE NUOVE SPECIE

Yellow highlight | Location: 142
The default stance of conservation is to keep things as unchanged as possible
Note:LA STRATEGIA DEL PRESERVARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 145
undesirable the continuing biological gains of the human epoch.
Note:EFFETTO COLLATERALE DEI CONSERVAZII

Yellow highlight | Location: 146
to kill ‘impure’
Yellow highlight | Location: 147
idealized state
Note:ECOSISTEMA... L UTOPIA CONSERVAZ

Yellow highlight | Location: 148
We need a new rationale
Note:MANIFESTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 149
humans are regarded as part of nature,
Note:UN NUOVO PUNTO DI VISTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 151
a more optimistic approach.
Yellow highlight | Location: 152
appreciative of the biological beneficiaries of the human-altered environment,
Note:COME DOBBIAMO CAMBIARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 155
Rather than swim against the tide of ecological and evolutionary change,
Note:BASTA NUOTARE CONTRO CORRENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 156
the old was once new.
Note:MEMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 159
consider the success stories

martedì 12 luglio 2011

Libertarianism A-Z: ambiente specie protette

Tra le politiche ambientali più popolari rientra quella volta a proteggere specie in via di estinzioni. Di solito lo si fa limitando la proprietà privata attraverso proibizioni.

Niente di più sbagliato: occorre più proprietà, non meno. Se le specie hanno un qualche valore l’ affare è certo. Qualora il mercato non riesca a protegere le specie in questione avremmo una preziosa informazione: per la società quella specie non merita di essere protetta.

L’ Africa fornisce buone conferme sul funzionamento di questa strategia.

Una politica alternativa richiede di risarcire i danneggiati. In questo caso, per lo meno, i costi sono espliciti e la voce dei tartassati potrebbe farsi sentire.