Visualizzazione post con etichetta obesità. Mostra tutti i post
Visualizzazione post con etichetta obesità. Mostra tutti i post

giovedì 6 dicembre 2018

L’ ANORESSIA NON E’ UN PROBLEMA CULTURALE

Cose imparate oggi: L’ ANORESSIA NON E’ UN PROBLEMA CULTURALE
L’anoressia è un problema culturale?
Non sembrerebbe. E’ piuttosto il contrario dell’obesità, un problema fisiologico.
Le origini dell’anoressia sono varie: si mangia poco per essere in forma in vista di un impegno, per ribellarsi ai genitori, per esibire grande forza di volontà. A volte il primo dimagrimento è addirittura fortuito: un ricovero in ospedale, una malattia. Sta di fatto che il digiuno è dapprima un fastidio, poi diventa gratificante, quasi un piacere, qualcosa da cui si dipende.

Il ciclo dell’anoressico è in tutto simile al ciclo dell’obeso.  

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mercoledì 5 settembre 2018

I panzoni neri non soffrono handicap sociali

Weight stigma and race: an empirical application of intersectionality http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2018/09/weight-stigma-race-empirical-application-intersectionality.html

mercoledì 2 novembre 2016

Magro è bello? SAGGIO

Nel mondo super-progressista del trigger warning e delle affirmative action compulsive si fa a gara nel proteggere le minoranze. Tutte. Tutte tranne due: fumatori e grassoni.
Come unico avvocato dei grassoni si aggira ramingo nell'accademia Paul Campos che nel saggio "Feminist Accused of Unsightly Weight Gain" se la prende con Susan Estrich, un caso da manuale del paradosso di cui sopra.
Susan Estrich può vantare un curriculum professionale di prim'ordine, sia in campo accademico che politico. Per esempio, è stata la prima donna eletta presidente della prestigiosa Harvard Law Review. Mica male. È stata anche a capo della campagna elettorale di Dukakis, nonchè esponente di punta del movimento femminista americano.
Susan Estrich ha appena scritto un libro sulle dieteMaking the Case for Yourself: A Diet Book for Smart Women. Paul Campos trova che l’operetta rappresenti bene una cultura pericolosa purtroppo in espansione: quella della lotta ai chili di troppo.
Una rappresentante di levatura assoluta del femminismo più consapevole - quello per cui il personale appartiene al politico - ci raccomanda in continuazione quanto sia importante mantenere il peso forma. La cosa avrebbe dovuto creare un certo scandalo tra chi ha l'indignazione facile  e invece niente, la lotta al sovrappeso è sdoganata, un po' come quella ai fumatori. Lo stereotipo della magrezza ha sedotto anche i più sensibile agli stereotipi culturali.
Estrich confessa che nulla l'ha mai resa tanto orgogliosa di se stessa  quanto i faticosi successi conseguiti grazie alle sue diete. Apprezziamo la sincerità.
... My mother considered it her job to watch everything we ate, to make sure we wouldnt get fat. It worked, sort of. I grew up always believing I was on the fat side, never confident that I looked just fine. Now I look at old pictures, and I dont get it. I look thin...
Non si capisce francamente come possa un personaggio pubblico dall'IQ considerevole abbandonarsi con malcelato orgoglio a simili confessioni.
Nel libro la Estrich aleggia come una figura platonica, nemmeno dice quanto sia alta, sicchè non siamo resi edotti della reale natura del problema, anche se ne intuiamo la scarsa gravità: giusto una neo mamma che deve rientrare nei ranghi. Insomma, la Estrich non è "grassa" secondo nessuna sana definizione del termine.
... Estrich was fat, in other words, in only two closely related places: in her own mind, and in the context of a culture (contemporary America in general, and Southern California in particular) that has enshrined a medically dangerous degree of thinness as the feminine ideal...
Segue la tipica saga della  yo-yo-dieter, una sequela di successi entusiasmanti e fallimenti che riportavano al punto di partenza, anzi un po' più indietro.  Fino al gran successo finale che conduce alla voglia di raccontarsi in un libro. Ma si tratta davvero del finale? Probabilmente no.
Strano che una femminista come lei non cogliesse le implicazioni politiche della sua battaglia. Arriva candidamente a confessare: più lavoravo, più ingrassavo.
Stare stabilmente sotto il proprio peso standard è un lavoro a tempo pieno, difficile avere successo senza farne un ideale da perseguire fanaticamente. Difficile idealizzare la meta senza odiare il proprio corpo.
Ecco, la Estrich mette l’ideale della magrezza sotto solo alla salute della propria famiglia e alla pace nel mondo. Bontà sua.
La Estrich si è trovata così a svolgere tre lavori: avvocato, mamma e dietista di se stessa. E forse, ammette, la maggior parte della forza di volontà prodotta durante il giorno finiva nel terzo lavoro!
Sembra che a motivare un simile sacrificio fossero due fattori:1) la salute e 2) l'autostima.
Per quanto riguarda la salute, la Estrich desidera tanto veder crescere i suoi figli. E’ per questo che si sottopone al “terzo lavoro”. I chili di troppo sono un lento suicidio che lascerebbe orfani i suoi bimbi proprio nel momento del bisogno.
Tutto questo è assurdo, non esiste uno straccio di prova scientifica che la donna grassoccia abbia vita breve. Anzi, specie se fa qualche esercizio (non per dimagrire), vivrà più a lungo della magrolina. I benefici dell’esercizio fisico sono indipendenti dal fatto di perdere peso, in altri termini: persistono anche se dopo si mangia per compensare.
La Estrich odia gli esercizi fisici ma li compie dando prova di grande volontà, e con il solo scopo di perdere peso. La tipica situazione destinata a durare poco.
Sul tema della salute la Estrich non si sofferma molto: tutti sanno che il grasso uccide. Davvero? Di certo non tutti sanno però che anche le diete possono far male
… one would never guess from reading Estrichs book that eight million Americans suffer from eating disorders, or that the health effects of precisely the sort of yo-yo dieting she has spent almost all of her adult life engaging in are far worse than all but the most extreme levels of obesity…
E sul lato dell’autostima? Bè, secondo la Estrich le diete salvano i matrimoni. Lo sapete quanto aumentano i tradimenti nel primo anno dopo la nascita di un figlio? Basterebbe buttar giù 6/7 chili per tenersi il marito.
Purtroppo, avere successo con le diete è difficile, quasi impossibile. Mediamente, le persone che si mettono  a dieta di solito ingrassano più di quelle che – partendo dalla stessa condizione – la evitano. Un paradosso che andrebbe meditato.
La dieta è un progetto difficoltoso e a lungo termine. In questi cimenti ha successo il tipo fiducioso e sicuro di sé. Chi non sa convivere col proprio sovrappeso probabilmente non appartiene alla categoria… 
… as generations of ex-dieters have discovered, for most people the only way to deal with their weight successfully is not to diet at all…
In queste faccende la testa è importante: le donne più sexy sono quelle che pensano di essere sexy (prosciuttone comprese).
Esiste un circolo vizioso dei disordini alimentari che parte con la non-accettazione del proprio corpo. Una roba che si deduce facilmente descrivendo il circolo virtuoso complementare… 
… A sexy woman is a woman who likes her body so of course she takes care of it which makes her lose weight which makes her like her body even more which makes her even sexier which makes her exercise more which makes her lose more weight... A more precise description of the theoretical pretzel logic behind the practice of anorexia and bulimia would be difficult to formulate…
La Estrich ammette che le diete fallimentari sono devastanti ma il suo consiglio è chiaro: insistere.
Il fallimento della dieta innesca l’odio per il proprio corpo e diete ancora più impegnative. Ma fallire nella dieta non è un rischio remoto, è una quasi certezza! Il circolo neurotico è garantito…
… dieting results in failure, which produces unhappiness, which leads to compensatory bingeing, which produces more unhappiness, and so on and so forth… Indeed, this neurotic cycle probably plays a larger role in making people fatter…
Molte persone che seguono una dieta sarebbero più felici, più sane e più magre se non avessero mai cominciato a seguirla.
Ma per la Estrich chi fallisce una dieta è solo un pigro. In fondo è quel che pensa il milieu culturale al quale appartiene, quello sempre pronto a tutelare qualsiasi sensibilità… 
… You are not fat because you have a hard life. You are not fat because you have a slow metabolism. You are not fat because you are poor, harried, hurt, lonely, overworked, stressed out, depressed, or disabled. You may have been victimized, but youre not doomed to be a victim. You are fat because you dont eat right, and dont exercise enough, for you…
Ma se c’è qualcosa di certo nella medicina contemporanea è che non esiste un modo sicuro per perdere peso. In questo campo sbagliare strada e perdersi è la cosa più naturale che ti possa capitare, e colpevolizzare colui a cui capita la cosa più naturale del mondo è da dementi. Se poi lo fa una principessina sul pisello pronta a battersi per il trigger warning ad alzo zero, allora la cosa lascia perplessi a dir poco.
La Hestrich spiega poi il perché del suo successo: l’intelligenza. Bisogna usare il cervello per battere il demone tentatore. Fallire una dieta è un fallimento intellettuale. Corollario: chi fallisce è stupido.
Ma dov’era la sua grande intelligenza negli anni dei fallimenti ripetuti che lei stessa racconta in lungo e in largo per tutto il libro? E dove sarà quando le toccherà constatare che ha fallito di nuovo?
Ma in cosa consiste la dieta miracolosa della Hestrich? Niente di più banale… 
… What finally worked for Estrich, at least temporarily, was nothing new, but rather a collection of the most basic tenets of dieting: Come up with strict rules regarding what you can and cant eat in advance, and stick to them no matter what. Eat your vegetables. Dont eat standing up in the kitchen or late at night. Keep a food journal. Exercise regularly. Most important of all, avoid bad foods. This doesnt just mean doughnuts either. In order to achieve and maintain a desirable weight, Estrich advises her readers to always eat fruits and vegetables, to sometimes eat chicken, fish, egg whites, and non-dairy fat, to rarely eat potatoes, bread (!), pasta (!!), rice, bagels and oil, and to never eat anything else… for people who want to stay 20 pounds below their natural weight, dieting in this fashion is pretty much a life sentence…
Avere successo in una dieta del genere richiede molte virtù, e la Estrich ne è consapevole… 
… Predictably, Estrich ascribes her success to the same qualities that have served her so well in her career: a talent for breaking down problems analytically, a capacity for hard work, considerable reserves of sheer willpower, and so on…
Cerchiamo a questo punto di tirare le somme. Sappiamo che i chili in più non nuocciono affatto alla salute, sappiamo anche che con il proprio grasso in eccesso si puo’ convivere felicemente, è pmolto più facile che avere successo con una dieta. Oltretutto, agli uomini le donne magre nemmeno piacciono…  
… Studies indicate that women tend to underestimate what the typical man considers the most desirable body type for women by about 20 pounds…
A questo punto il non detto è evidente: non è questione di salute o autostima, molto più semplicemente la tipa grassoccia segnala di essere sprovvista delle virtù appena citate e quindi si merita di essere messa da parte, a cominciare dal mondo del lavoro. Il mito della magrezza servirebbe quindi alla cernita dei “bright”. Il “bright” è sensibile a tutto tranne che alla crudeltà del meccanismo che lo seleziona in quanto tale.
Ma è possibile vivere in un mondo in cui una donna capace e brillante come la Estrich impegni e immiserisca gran parte della sua vita per perdere qualche chilo? E a lei è andata già bene, anche se dal suo esempio capiamo  chi dice che molto spesso dietro una donna magra c’è una donna che ha odiato il suo corpo.
magrezz

16 Feminist Accused of Unsightly Weight Gain - obesity myth paul campos HIGHLIGHT

16 Feminist Accused of Unsightly Weight GainRead more at location 3678
Note: 16@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Edit
Clinton-LewinskyRead more at location 3681
Ann CoulterRead more at location 3694
The Lewinsky affair soon propelled her to the position of alpha femaleRead more at location 3694
flowing blonde locksRead more at location 3695
very tall, very thinRead more at location 3696
her appearance conformed to various aspects of the cultural ideal.Read more at location 3701
what Coulter had to sell to television producers was that she was a conventionally attractiveRead more at location 3704
young woman with a law degree, some strong opinions, and a willingness to express them in no uncertain terms.Read more at location 3705
Note: c Edit
its more interesting to see a young person talking about issues than a big old fat white guy.Read more at location 3708
Coulters attacks on Clinton were most often parried by Susan Estrich.Read more at location 3710
Estrich possessed a dazzling array of academic, professional, and political credentials:Read more at location 3710
first woman ever elected president of the Harvard Law Review,Read more at location 3711
I discovered that Susan Estrich had just written a diet book,Read more at location 3720
Making the Case for Yourself: A Diet Book for Smart Women,Read more at location 3721
as the feminist slogan puts it, the personal truly is political.Read more at location 3722
Are we now choosing female pundits for beauty, not for experience, insight and acumen?Read more at location 3726
Note: ESTRICH Edit
How come Im never paired with good-looking men?Read more at location 3727
These are excellent questions. Coming as they do from someone who has been considered a notable figure in the feminist movement,Read more at location 3728
Considering the identity of its author, its contents should have caused a scandal.Read more at location 3732
the culture of thinness has overwhelmed even people who ought to be leading the protest against that cultures oppressive grip.Read more at location 3734
Estrich makes the following confession: Nothing that I do now or have done in the past... has made me prouder, happier, or more fulfilled than losing weight and getting in shape.Read more at location 3737
Note: c CONFESDIONE Edit
is something admirable about this confession.Read more at location 3743
Over and over again, she affirms that she only feels good about herself when she looks good, and she only looks good when she fits into a size 6or on a good day, size 4(theRead more at location 3748
What Estrichs mother mostly worried about, it seems, was her daughters weight:Read more at location 3758
My mother considered it her job to watch everything we ate, to make sure we wouldnt get fat. It worked, sort of. I grew up always believing I was on the fat side, never confident that I looked just fine. Now I look at old pictures, and I dont get it. I look thin.Read more at location 3760
Note: c Edit
To be blunt, how can someone with an IQ thats no doubt four or so standard deviations to the right side of the mean manage to produce such a painfully naive interpretation of the evidence?Read more at location 3763
Thus began the all-too-familiar saga of the yo-yo dieter,Read more at location 3770
the propaganda of the weight loss industrythat there is no reason why a middle-aged mother ought to weigh more than she didRead more at location 3774
Estrich never discloses how tall she is:Read more at location 3775
some sort of Platonic figure,Read more at location 3776
Estrich never mentions body mass index,Read more at location 3777
Several features of Estrichs life as a dieter are worth noting.Read more at location 3790
Estrich was never actually fat by any sane definition of that term.Read more at location 3791
her BMI was probably within the recommended range of 18.5 to 24.9Read more at location 3792
marginally overweight, even by the absurdly restrictive and scientifically baseless standards of the BMI tables;Read more at location 3794
Estrich was fat, in other words, in only two closely related places: in her own mind, and in the context of a culture (contemporary America in general, and Southern California in particular) that has enshrined a medically dangerous degree of thinness as the feminine ideal.Read more at location 3796
Note: X DUE CONTESTI Edit
Second, Estrichs patternRead more at location 3798
periodlosing weight and then gaining it back, plus a bit more,Read more at location 3798
yo-yo dietingRead more at location 3800
Third, remarkably for a self-identified feminist, Estrich never notes the obvious political implicationsRead more at location 3806
The harder I worked, the fatter I got.Read more at location 3811
If you want to lose weight it has to be a full-time job.Read more at location 3814
On a scale of 1 to 10,Read more at location 3815
how important is it for you to lose weightRead more at location 3815
If its lower than 9 (well reserve 10 for your familys good health, solvency and world peace), youre not ready and youre going to fail.Read more at location 3816
write a memo to the file every night, evaluating what they ate that day,Read more at location 3817
dieting strategies are quite time consumingRead more at location 3818
is correct about this: A person who wants to maintain a body weight 10 or 20 or 30 pounds below what she would maintain if she engaged in normal eatingthatRead more at location 3819
three full-time jobs: employee, mother, and dieter.)Read more at location 3822
Estrich doesnt sugarcoat the fact that dieting is hard work,Read more at location 3824
massive exercise of willpowerRead more at location 3825
What could possibly justify dedicating a large part of ones life to avoiding such fundamental pleasures as bread, chocolate, and wine?Read more at location 3834
two basic answers to this question: protecting your health and salvaging your self-esteem.Read more at location 3835
making sure you live long enough to see your children grow up.Read more at location 3836
threatens to leave her children orphaned at an early age.Read more at location 3838
committing slow suicide,Read more at location 3839
you wont be here when they need you?Read more at location 3843
sort of parody of a Jewish mother,Read more at location 3843
All of this, of course, is absurd. There is not a shred of scientific evidence that a 160-pound womanRead more at location 3846
Indeed, the heavier woman will have far better health, on average, than the thinner women, if the latter are sedentary.Read more at location 3848
health benefits of exercise appear to be almost completely independent of whether it results in any weight loss.Read more at location 3850
Estrichs attitude toward exercise is typical of people who work out primarily to lose weight: She hates it.Read more at location 3851
almost all people who engage in strenuous physical activity on such a basis will be unable to maintain a commitmentRead more at location 3855
Estrich merely asserts that everyone knows fat kills: You dont need the doctor to tell you to lose weight.Read more at location 3860
Note: SCONTATO Edit
one would never guess from reading Estrichs book that eight million Americans suffer from eating disorders, or that the health effects of precisely the sort of yo-yo dieting she has spent almost all of her adult life engaging in are far worse than all but the most extreme levels of obesity.Read more at location 3863
Note: X QUELLO CHE NN SAI SUI DANNI Edit
Estrichs arguments regarding self-esteem.Read more at location 3868
Losing weight, Estrich emphasizes, is not merely or even primarily about saving your life. It is about saving your marriage, your sense of self-esteem.Read more at location 3870
lose 20 pounds in order to hold your man,Read more at location 3873
people who diet end up, on average, weighing more than people of similar initial weight who dont,Read more at location 3890
Note: PARADOSSO ILLUSTRATO Edit
succeeding at any difficult long-term project requires feeling good about those aspects of oneself such a project engages.Read more at location 3892
No novel worth reading was ever written by anyone who didnt believe he was a good novelist.Read more at location 3893
Note: x Edit
reconnecting with their bodies in a beneficial way requires accepting the simple truth that there is actually nothing wrong with their bodiesRead more at location 3896
Note: STARE BENE CON SE STESSI Edit
as generations of ex-dieters have discovered, for most people the only way to deal with their weight successfully is not to diet at all.Read more at location 3897
Note: x Edit
Sexy women are women who think theyre sexy.Read more at location 3900
But then it all goes wrong: A sexy woman is a woman who likes her body so of course she takes care of it which makes her lose weight which makes her like her body even more which makes her even sexier which makes her exercise more which makes her lose more weight... A more precise description of the theoretical pretzel logic behind the practice of anorexia and bulimia would be difficult to formulate.Read more at location 3900
Note: x CIRCOLO VOZIOSO DELL ANORESSIA Edit
She doesnt deny that trying and failing to lose weight is often psychologically devastatingRead more at location 3910
Her solution to this problem is never go off your diet:Read more at location 3912
The notion that thinness equals fitness, and fat equals ill health, is demonstrably false.Read more at location 3914
an academic of all people has no excuse for not actually examining the evidence before writing a bookRead more at location 3916
Would she, for example, advocate eliminating Social Security on the grounds that there has never been any need for such a program, given that sufficiently self-disciplined people have always been able to save enough money for retirement?Read more at location 3921
Note: x ANALOGIA Edit
self-hatred is a product of failure, and failure is a product of the nature of the enterprise,Read more at location 3925
dieting results in failure, which produces unhappiness, which leads to compensatory bingeing, which produces more unhappiness, and so on and so forth,Read more at location 3927
Indeed, this neurotic cycle probably plays a larger role in making people fatterRead more at location 3929
Note: CICLO NEUROTICO Edit
Most people who diet would be happier, healthier, and thinner if they never dieted.Read more at location 3931
because we are suffering from a contemptible combination of laziness and neurosis:Read more at location 3938
Note: ESTRICH SULLE CAUSE DRL FSLLIMENTO DIETA Edit
You are not fat because you have a hard life. You are not fat because you have a slow metabolism. You are not fat because you are poor, harried, hurt, lonely, overworked, stressed out, depressed, or disabled. You may have been victimized, but youre not doomed to be a victim. You are fat because you dont eat right, and dont exercise enough, for you.Read more at location 3939
Note: x CAUSE PIGRIZIA Edit
If there is one thing that is not in doubt about Western medicine, it is that it cannot tell people how to successfully lose weight.Read more at location 3944
How is it possible for a person of your intelligence to be so blind? Surely there must be some level of consciousness at which you have some inkling of just how perverse, wrongheaded, and ultimately destructive the things you are saying actually are.Read more at location 3950
Note: INVETTIVA Edit
advice she gives on the matter is no different than that which she herself was unable to follow,Read more at location 3954
Anyway, how exactly is Susans Miracle Diet (Im not making that title up) supposed to work its miraculous transformation, when almost all diets fail?Read more at location 3955
outsmarting the demons of weightRead more at location 3958
an appropriately harsh regimen of bright line rules:Read more at location 3959
She used her brain.Read more at location 3960
Estrich understands her previous twenty-five years of recurrent dietary disaster as the product of an intellectual failure.Read more at location 3960
completely implausible;Read more at location 3961
What finally worked for Estrich, at least temporarily, was nothing new, but rather a collection of the most basic tenets of dieting: Come up with strict rules regarding what you can and cant eat in advance, and stick to them no matter what. Eat your vegetables. Dont eat standing up in the kitchen or late at night. Keep a food journal. Exercise regularly. Most important of all, avoid bad foods. This doesnt just mean doughnuts either. In order to achieve and maintain a desirable weight, Estrich advises her readers to always eat fruits and vegetables, to sometimes eat chicken, fish, egg whites, and non-dairy fat, to rarely eat potatoes, bread (!), pasta (!!), rice, bagels and oil, and to never eat anything else.Read more at location 3964
Note: x COSA FUNZIONA Edit
for people who want to stay 20 pounds below their natural weight, dieting in this fashion is pretty much a life sentence.Read more at location 3969
Note: c Edit
Why was she finally able to do this,Read more at location 3974
Predictably, Estrich ascribes her success to the same qualities that have served her so well in her career: a talent for breaking down problems analytically, a capacity for hard work, considerable reserves of sheer willpower, and so on.Read more at location 3977
Note: x LE VIRTÙ Edit
why did these talents,Read more at location 3979
Note: LA DOMANDA MAI FATTA Edit
suddenly prove adequateRead more at location 3980
Susan is also a victim of the malignant cultural forcesRead more at location 3986
Ann Coulter is not a woman of really great beauty. Ann Coulter is tall and extremely thin and has very long blonde hair.Read more at location 3991
(Studies indicate that women tend to underestimate what the typical man considers the most desirable body type for women by about 20 pounds.)Read more at location 3993
What should appall and anger us is not so much Estrichs book, but rather the culture that made it possible.Read more at location 4001
a woman of such brilliance and accomplishment should waste years of her life agonizing over something as trivial as her inability to lose 20 poundsRead more at location 4002
learning to hate the bodyRead more at location 4005
Note: DIETRO OGNI DONNA MAGRA C È UNA DONNA CHE HA ODIATO IL SUO CORPO Edit
worthRead more at location 4006