Eleven The High Price of Motherhood - More Sex Is Safer Sex: The Unconventional Wisdom of Economics by Steven E. Landsburg

Eleven The High Price of Motherhood - More Sex Is Safer Sex: The Unconventional Wisdom of Economics by Steven E. Landsburg - #famigliaecarriera #causalitàocorrelazione #abortoallastessaetà #cercatoallastessaetà #nonvolutoallastessaetà #economistieprovettesporche

Eleven The High Price of MotherhoodRead more at location 1857

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difficult trade-offs between family and career. Amalia Miller, a young economist at the University of Virginia, has thought hard about those trade-offs.Read more at location 1859

Note: AMALIA MILLER FAMIGLIA E CARRIERA Edit

On average, a woman in her twenties will increase her lifetime earnings by 10 percent if she delays the birth of her first child by a year.Read more at location 1860

Note: RITARDO MATERNITÀ E REDDITO Edit

For college-educated women, the effects are even bigger.Read more at location 1862

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So if you have your first child at 24 instead of 25, you’re giving up 10 percent of your lifetime earnings.Read more at location 1863

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A woman who gives birth at 24 might be a different sort of person from a woman who gives birth at 25,Read more at location 1868

Note: PRIMA DIFFICOLTÀ Edit

Maybe the 24-year-old is less ambitious.Read more at location 1869

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maybe the 24-year-old started her family sooner precisely because she already saw that her career was going badly.Read more at location 1870

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Instead of comparing random 24-year-old mothers with random 25-year-old mothers, she effectively compared 24-year-old mothers with 25-year-old mothers who had miscarried at 24.Read more at location 1871

Note: FIGLIO A 25 MA ABORTO A 24 Edit

But the comparison is still imperfect. Maybe miscarriages and low wages have a common cause—poor health, for example.Read more at location 1874

Note: OBIEZIONE Edit

Let’s compare 25-year-old mothers with those 24-year-old mothers who conceived while using birth control. Now you’ve got two groups of women, none of whom wanted to be pregnant at 24.Read more at location 1877

Note: ALTERNATIVA: CONFRONTARE DUE GRAVIDANZE NN VOLUTE Edit

Again, the experiment is imperfect. Getting pregnant while on birth control might be a symptom of carelessness, and carelessness can be a liability in the workplace.Read more at location 1879

Note: OBIEZIONE: TRASCURATEZZA Edit

a bunch of women who all report that they’d been trying to get pregnant since they were 23. Some succeeded at 24; others at 25.Read more at location 1880

Note: DONNE CHE TENTANO ALLA STESSA ETÀ Edit

None of these experiments—the miscarriage experiment, the birth-control experiment, and the “trying to get pregnant” experiment—is perfect, but all three point to the same conclusion.Read more at location 1882

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In this case, the result is that early motherhood is not only correlated with low wages; it actually causes them. That’s largely what good empirical economics is about—finding thoughtful and creative ways to distinguish between correlation and causation.Read more at location 1885

Note: ESSENZA DELLA BUONA STATISTICA Edit

Reminding an economist that correlation does not imply causation is like reminding a chemist to be sure his test tubes are clean.Read more at location 1889

Note: ECONOMISTI E RUBINETTI