cultura e rete

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Like Matt Ridley, I Remain Rationally Optimistic Donald J. Boudreaux

Like Matt Ridley, I Remain Rationally Optimistic

Donald J. Boudreaux

Citation (APA): Boudreaux, D. J. (2016). Like Matt Ridley, I Remain Rationally Optimistic [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com

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Parte introduttiva

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Like Matt Ridley, I Remain Rationally Optimistic By Donald J. Boudreaux

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a major premise

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the importance of culture and hence also of the mechanisms of cultural change and transmission

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the young must respect their elders:

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ACCORDO CON BARKOW

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they must want to be like them and therefore to attend to them and learn

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IN QUALCHE MODO

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it’s possible for social media to so drown out or to falsely devalue

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AMMESSA LA SVALUT DEI SOCIAL

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a chaotic or uncivilized– even hyper-dangerous– dystopia.

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RISCHIO

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an instance of that all-too-familiar ages-old phenomenon: elders convinced that today’s young’uns, with their new-fangled gadgets and independent ways, will cause society to coarsen and eventually collapse.

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x SOMIGLIANZE SOSPETTE DELLA LAMENTELA

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The material standards of living

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T

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today higher than ever,

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The ongoing production of material wealth that makes this trend a reality is not– despite what Thomas Piketty or Bernie Sanders might suppose– automatic or easy. It requires vast amounts of productive human creativity, effort, and flexibility. Such creativity and effort in turn require not only discipline and well-channeled intelligence, but also widespread trust. And widespread trust exists only when nearly everyone can be relied upon to keep promises even to strangers and to avoid taking advantage of others on those many occasions when such opportunism is possible.

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x SVILUPPO ELEVATO E FIDUCIA ELEVATA

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low-cost communication promotes this creativity and trust.

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INTERNET FAVORISCE

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as Steven Pinker documents, human-on-human violence is today at an all-time low.

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Life expectancy continues to rise and illiteracy continues to fall.

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humanity has never been as wealthy, healthy, safe, and educated as it is today.

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this progress has occurred as communication costs have fallen

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as the reach of each person’s communication has widened and lengthened.

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The 15th century printing press– the 18th century newspaper– the 19th century telegraph and telephone– the 20th century radio, television, and e-mail– the 21st century Internet, smartphone, instant messaging, and social media:

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x PROGRESSO E COMUNICAZIONE

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The same telephone that allows the parents of a sick child to summon a physician at 3: 00 am allows that child, just a few years later, to be summoned by an acquaintance to participate in some heinous or self-destructive deed.

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x TELEFONO PRO E CONTRO

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The same Internet that allows my George Mason University colleagues each year to open the eyes of tens of thousands of students to the wonders of the economic way of thinking allows ISIS operatives each year to entice a few thousand impressionable young people into the ranks of vile evil-doers.

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x INTERNET PRO E CONTRO

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And yet human progress is nevertheless correlated with the fall in the costs for ordinary people of communicating

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correlation often does point to causation.

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the more widespread and frequent is communication among strangers, the greater is the number of combinations of different ideas

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TEOREMA

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Matt Ridley describes this productive process as “ideas having sex.”

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just as sexual reproduction by humans is not always successful– sex and reproduction do have their risks

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that upside is so familiar to us today that we take it for granted.

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Pfizer, for example, is more likely to invest a billion dollars developing a treatment for the Zika virus if it expects to be able to market its treatment to hundreds of millions of people worldwide than if it could market that treatment only to a few hundred thousand people in North America.

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X ESEMPIO DI GLOB BENEDETTA

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modern peace

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the consequences of trade and a worldwide division of labor

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Each of us is today more dependent upon countless strangers

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as Tom G. Palmer notes, “It’s bad business to slaughter your customers”

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forge closer bonds of understanding

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evidence supports the proposition that international trade, while no guarantor of peace, does indeed make peace more likely.)

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EMPIRIA

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Specialists in the Culture of Our Youth

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T

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Tyler Cowen’s 1998 book, In Praise of Commercial Culture and his 2002 follow-up volume, Creative Destruction: How Globalization is Changing World Cultures.

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fears expressed throughout history of how commerce– both in and of itself, and of the extension of commerce across political or ethnic borders– will weaken, worsen, or wreck ‘good’ cultures.

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x COMMERCI E CULTURA

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these fears were almost always unjustified.

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all of the cultures that we know today are themselves the products of past mixings

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mixings that creatively destroyed older cultures and replaced them

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cultural evolution has, no doubt, always been accompanied by older people fretting about the future.

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such fretting reflects the reality that human beings’ cultural skills are specialized to deal with the culture of their youth.

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x A COSA È DOVUTO IL LAMENTO?

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my grandparents not only did not enjoy the Beatles’ music, but seemed genuinely to find it to be “nothing but banging and screaming”

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BEATLES

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we each become specialized in the culture of our youth,

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we have at least as much difficulty learning to understand and to “use” new cultural developments as, say, an auto mechanic from 1964 would encounter were he to try his hand at repairing the engine of a 2014 Toyota Rav4.

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x ANALOGIA

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cultural mixings promoted by the Internet are likely to be worse than were the mixings in the past

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NESSUNA RAGIONE X CREDERLO

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while the media

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...

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today differ from those of the past, there’s no evident reason to fear that these differences will be any less enriching

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The Importance of Emphasizing Past Successes

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T

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Internet (1) makes possible personal connections

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RIEPILOGO

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Deirdre McCloskey

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people simply loveto be told that the sky is falling.”

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the gloomy ones will receive disproportionate public and (hence) political attention.

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RISCHIO ASIMMETRIA. CI ATTIRA IL PESSIMISMO

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who seek greater political power will have more success if they convince the public that doom looms on the horizon.

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POLITICA

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further research.

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the possibility that the Internet will coarsen or damage culture will be seized upon by the fearful and by the politically opportunistic as sufficient justification for government-imposed restrictions on online activities,

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X PREDIZIONE

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emphasize that the Internet is not the first technology to disrupt established modes

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history teaches us that “unpredictable results and… disruptive change” are nothing new

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they have more often than not in modern, liberal society improved rather than worsened humanity’s