Visualizzazione post con etichetta adolescenti. Mostra tutti i post
Visualizzazione post con etichetta adolescenti. Mostra tutti i post

mercoledì 5 dicembre 2018

CARA SARA

CARA SARA

Cara Sara, sono la dottoressa Campiotti.

Tu dici che, nonostante i metodi ruvidi di tuo padre, sei “venuta su bene”. Arrivi addirittura a ipotizzare che la sua brusca razione nel momento del bisogno – l’incidente automobilistico di cui parli – ti abbia addirittura temprato. In ogni caso non sembra averti nuociuto.

Quanto dici insinua dubbi sul mio consiglio di “accogliere e contenere” l’adolescente. Non è inutile? Ma io ti chiedo: se tuo padre avesse risposto alla tua richiesta di soccorso dicendoti “arrivo subito, stai tranquilla, l’importante è che non ti sia fatta nulla…” pensi forse che non saresti “venuta su” bene? Io parto dall’assunto che saresti “venuta su” altrettanto bene.

Ora, mettiti nei miei panni. Secondo te che risposta dovrei consigliare ad un genitore che riceve dal figlio una richiesta di soccorso? La prima o la seconda? Se ritieni che sia con la prima che con la seconda il figlio “verrà su” bene, è chiaro che la risposta da consigliare è la seconda. Se ritieni che la risposta non intacchi l’educazione del figlio, allora è giusto pensare al suo benessere. 

A volte noi mescoliamo due temi: l’educazione e il benessere. Io stessa, forse, annuncio una conferenza che ha per tema l’educazione dei figli quando invece parlerò del loro benessere :-) 

P-HAKING mai pubblicata

P-HAKING

Sai cos'è p-hacking in statistica? Un trucco per pubblicare: tra centinaia di relazioni che collegano A e B ne cerchi una significativa.

 Qualcosa del genere avviene studiando i giovani. Guardiamo attraverso le tendenze generazionali per trovare quelle che ci suggeriscono un pericolo. Per esempio i tassi d’ansia e di suicidio. Ma altri indicatori sembrano migliori: compiono meno crimini e la gravidanza adolescenziale è in calo. Scommetto che anche a scuola (bullismo, teppismo) le cose vanno meglio.

domenica 27 agosto 2017

HL ch 1 Il rifiuto di crescere

Chapter 1 In No Hurry: Growing Up Slowly - iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy--and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood--and What That Means for the Rest of Us
Jean M. Twenge
Note:1@@@@@@@@@

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with porn on the Internet, sexy Halloween costumes for young girls, 7th-grade boys requesting nude pictures of their classmates, and other adults-too-soon trends gaining attention, many people believe that children and teens are instead growing up more quickly than in the past.
Note:L'ILLUSIONE

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(Not) Going Out and (Not) Getting It On
Note:tttttttt

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iGen teens are less likely to go out without their parents. The trend began with Millennials and then accelerated at a rapid clip with iGen’ers (see Figure 1.1).
Note:IO MAMMATE E TU

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12th graders in 2015 are going out less often than 8th graders did as recently as 2009.
Note:POCHE USCITE

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the same for students from working-class and middle-class homes.
Note:IL REDDITO NON INCIDE

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Nor is the trend caused by the recession:
Note:LA CRISI NON C ENTRA

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The more likely candidate is smartphones, used by the majority of teens since around 2011–12.
Note:IL MAGGIOR INDIZIATO

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iGen teens are less likely to experience the freedom of being out of the house without their parents—
Note:LIBERTÀ

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iGen teens are less likely to date
Note:PRECIPITATE LE USCITE ROMANTICHE

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In the early 1990s, nearly three out of four 10th graders sometimes dated, but by the 2010s only about half did.
Note:ccccccc

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Normally it’s the girl that’s shopping and the boy is, like, following.”
Note:PRIMO APPUNTAMENTO.. NON SERA MA POMERIGGIO

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The lack of dating leads to the next surprising fact about iGen: they are less likely to have sex than teens in previous decades
Note:SESSO

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Fewer teens having sex is one of the reasons behind what many see as one of the most positive youth trends in recent years: the teen birthrate hit an all-time low in 2015, cut by more than half since its modern peak in the early 1990s
Note:TEEN INCINTE

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An Interlude About Why Teens Act Less like Adults—and Why It’s Not All Good or All Bad
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developmental speed is an adaptation to a cultural context.
Note:CRESCITA E CULTURA

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families have fewer children and cultivate each child longer and more intensely.
Note:POCHI BIMBI MOLTO CURATI

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Compare that to a fast life strategy, where families are larger and parents focus on subsistence rather than quality.
Note:cccccccc

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in some cultures, dating in early high school is considered good—
Note:CULTURA E FILARINO

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the “bad”-vs.-“good” question depends a lot on one’s cultural perspective.
Note:cccccc

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License to Drive
Note:TTTTTT

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though nearly all Boomer high school students had their driver’s license by spring of their senior year, by 2015 only 72% did.
Note:72%

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Mom is such a good chauffeur that there’s no urgent need to drive.
Note:MAMMA AUTISTA

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“because my parents didn’t ‘push’ me to get my license.”
Note:UNA FRASE CHE TRAMORTISCE UN GENX

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Are fewer teens driving because of ride-sharing services such as Uber and Lyft? Not likely. First, these services usually require that riders be 18 years old or older, so most high school students can’t use them alone. In addition, Uber debuted in 2009 and Lyft in 2012, and the decline in getting a driver’s license began long before that.
Note:UBER NON C ENTRA

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The Retreat of the Latchkey Kids
Note:ttttt

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In 2015, a Maryland couple allowed their 10- and 6-year-old children to walk by themselves about a mile from a local park to their home. Someone saw the children walking alone and called the police, and the couple was investigated
Note:A10 ANNI GIRA DA SOLO... SOTTO PROCESSO I GENITORI

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latchkey kid: walking home from school and using your key to enter an empty house, since your parents were still at work.
Note:FIGURA SCOMPARSA... LA RAGAZZA DALLA CHIAVE

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more mothers in the 2010s worked full-time than in the 1990s.
Note:ccccccccc

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The Decline of the Teen Job
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Many Boomers and GenX’ers can remember the first time they bought something with their own money—
Note:I PROPRI SOLDI

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in the late 1970s, only 22% of high school seniors didn’t work for pay at all during the school year, but by the early 2010s, twice as many (44%) didn’t
Note:DIMEZZAMENTO

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The number of 8th graders who work for pay has been cut in half.
Note:cccccccc

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Fewer teens work during the summer as well: in 1980, 70% had a summer job, which sank to 43% in the 2010s
Note:ESTATE

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Maybe teens don’t have jobs anymore—and don’t go out as much anymore—because they are devoting more time to homework and extracurricular activities.
Note:FALSA CAUSA: PI ATTIVITÀ E PIÙ COMPITI

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Time spent on student clubs and on sports/exercise as 12th graders changed little over time (see Appendix B).
Note:EXTRATTIVITÀ COSTANTI

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the rise in volunteering took place between the 1980s and the 1990s, well before the large drop in working for pay.
Note:ANNI NOVANTA

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As it turns out, iGen 8th, 10th, and 12th graders actually spent less time on homework
Note:SEMPRE MENO COMPITI

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The trends in this total are clear: iGen teens are spending less time on homework, paid work, volunteering, and extracurriculars combined, not more
Note:CONCLUSIONE

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even if teens don’t learn high-level skills from their jobs, they often learn the value of responsibility and money.
Note:LAVORARE È UN BENE?

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disadvantaged teens randomly assigned to a summer jobs program were 43% less likely to be involved in violence.
Note:UN BENE X I PIÙ BISIGNOSI

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Taking Out Loans from the Bank of Mom and Dad
Note:tttttttttt

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With fewer teens working, you might think that more would get an allowance to buy the things they want. However, fewer iGen’ers get an allowance.
Note:MENO LAVORO PIÙ PAGHETTE?.... NO

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When they need money, they must, like Ellie, ask for it from their parents.
Note:A RICHIESTA

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the result is more young people graduating from high school without even the introductory money-managing experience
Note:MONEY MANAGEMENT

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You Booze, You Lose
Note:ttttttttt

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fewer and fewer drink alcohol. Nearly 40% of iGen high school seniors in 2016 had never tried alcohol at all, and the number of 8th graders who have tried alcohol has been cut nearly in half
Note:POCO ALCOL

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The decline in trying alcohol is the largest in the youngest groups and by far the smallest among young adults.
Note:cccccccc

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is especially encouraging; most people would agree that 13- and 14-year-olds drinking is not a good idea.
Note:MOLTO POSITIVO

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There is one downside to these trends: more young people arrive on college campuses or enter adult life without much experience drinking.
Note:UNA VERGINITÀ CHE SPESSO SI PAGA

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The rapid increase in binge drinking from age 18 to age 21 can be risky.
Note:SI BEVE MENO E AUMENTANO LE SBORNIE

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“I’m 21 and in my prime drinking years, and I intend to take full advantage of it!”
Note:TIPICO PENSIERO

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What about drug use? The heyday of illicit drug use among teens—the vast majority of which is marijuana—was in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Use then plummeted in the early 1990s before going back up again through the 2000s and 2010s (see Figure 1.12
Note:DROGHE... LA DINAMICA

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Why the different patterns for alcohol and drug use? Drug use, at least in most states, is illegal at any age. Any rule breaking is roughly equal for drug use whether you are over or under 21. Buying alcohol, however, becomes legal at 21—perhaps why this cautious generation is more likely to avoid it as teens yet still indulges after they turn 21. As more states legalize recreational marijuana for adults, this pattern may change.
Note:PATTERN DIVERSI PER ALCOL E DROGA... PERCHÈ

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Growing Up Slowly
Note:ttttttt

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iGen teens are less likely to go out without their parents, date, have sex, drive, work, or drink alcohol.
Note:RIEPILOGO

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GenX’ers in the 1990s, who began to postpone the traditional milestones of adulthood such as settling into a career, getting married, and having children.
Note:I PRIMI SEGNALI DEL POSTPORRE

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Yet GenX’er teens didn’t slow down—they were just as likely to drive, drink alcohol, and date as their Boomer peers
Note:DIFFERENaw

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Adolescence is now an extension of childhood rather than the beginning of adulthood.
Note:ADOLESCENZA

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Is This Because Teens Are More Responsible?
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the sociologist David Finkelhor argued that iGen teens, with their lowered alcohol use, reduced crime rates, and more limited sexuality, are “showing virtues their elders lacked.”
Note:TEEN PIÙ RESPONSABILI?

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year-old writer Jess Williams,
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Williams describes iGen as “boring.”
Note:NOIOSI

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Generation Yawn: 20 Is the New 40.”
Note:ccccc

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Neither “better behaved” nor “boring” captures what’s really going on with iGen: they are simply taking longer to grow up.
Note:SOLO LA CRESCITA LENTA SPIEGA...

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teens have adopted a slow life strategy, perhaps due to smaller families and the demands wrought by increasing income inequality.
Note:CAUSA 1: STRATEGIA LUNGO PARCHEGGIO

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The cultural shift toward individualism may also play a role: childhood and adolescence are uniquely self-focused stages, so staying in them longer allows more cultivation of the individual self.
Note:CAUSA 2 INDIVIDUALISMO

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Partners, Not Prisoners
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Are teens willing participants in growing up more slowly, or are parents strong-arming them into it?
Note:COLPA/MERITO DEL FENOMENO

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Parents do keep a closer watch over teens these days.
Note:OVERPARENTING

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This surveillance is probably facilitated by phone-tracking
Note:cccccc

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Given the teen tendency to resist restrictions, you’d think teens and their parents would get into more fights.
Note:PIÙ CONTROLLO PIÚ CONFLITTI? NOOOOOOO

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However, iGen teens fight less with their parents;
Note:cccccc

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In the most extreme cases of resistance to parents, teens might consider running away.
Note:FUGHE

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As it turns out, running away is less common among iGen:
Note:cccccc

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they are willingly staying children for longer.
Note:PETER PAN

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Many people now seem to associate being a child (as opposed to being an adult) with less stress and more fun;
Note:MENO STRESS PIÙ DIVERTIMENTO

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“HOW ARE PEOPLE EXCITED TO TURN 18???? IM VERY SCARED OF ADULTING!!!!”
Note:18

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Tangled and Frozen—both children’s movies by Disney.
Note:FILM PREFERITI DELLA 17ENNE

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Even once they get to college, students’ parents continue to treat them like children. Parents register their adult children for classes, remind them of deadlines, and wake them up in time for class,
Note:ALL UNIVERSITÀ COME BAMBINI

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Some suggest that this cocoon mentality is behind recent campus trends such as “trigger warnings”
Note:TRIGGER WARNINGS

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One safe space, for example, featured coloring books and videos of frolicking puppies, neatly connecting the idea of safe spaces with that of childhood.
Note:SAFE PLACE

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If teens are working less, spending less time on homework, going out less, and drinking less, what are they doing?
DOVE SI RIVOLGONO?… AL TELEFONINO


sabato 26 agosto 2017

ch 4 Lo smartphone e la salute mentale dei giovani

Chapter 4 Insecure: The New Mental Health Crisis - iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy--and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood--and What That Means for the Rest of Us
Jean M. Twenge
Note:4@@@@@@

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unexplainable, occasional sadness
Note:TRISTEZZA

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Ilaf isn’t always sure why she feels depressed, and she struggles to explain her feelings to her parents.
Note:CAUSE MISTERIOSE

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iGen’ers look so happy online, making goofy faces on Snapchat and smiling in their pictures on Instagram. But dig deeper, and reality is not so comforting.
Note:ALLEGRI SOLO ONLINE

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The Internet—and society in general—promotes a relentless positivity
Note:PENSA POSITIVO

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Individualism also encourages people to feel good about themselves—
Note:LA CULTURA INDIVIDUALISTA

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iGen’ers score lower in narcissism and have lower expectations,
Note:MENO NARCISISTI E MENO AMBIZIOSI

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Just as iGen entered the samples, teen happiness started to wane
Note:GLI INFELICI

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The first serious rumbles of the oncoming crash in iGen’ers’ outlook appear in their answers to questions asking whether they are satisfied with themselves
Note:SEI SODDISFATTO DI TE?

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Percentage of 12th graders who are satisfied with their lives as a whole and with themselves. Monitoring the Future, 1976–2015.
Note:GRAFICO

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Left Out and Lonely
Note:tttttt

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she hadn’t been invited to. “I felt like I was the only one not there,”
Note:IL DRAMMA DI NN ESSERE INVITATI AL COMPLEANNO

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“. . . I was thinking, they’re having a good time without me.
Note:ccccccc

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iGen has a specific term for this: FOMO (Fear of Missing Out).
Note:FOMO

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they are lonelier than they were just five years ago.
Note:SENSO DI SOLITUDINE

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feeling left out has reached all-time highs.
Note:ESCLUSI

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Such large changes over a short period of time are unusual, suggesting a specific cause with a big impact. Given the timing, smartphones are the most likely culprits,
Note:UNA CAUSA.... L IPOTESI SMARTPHONE

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replacing in-person social interaction.
Note:TEMPO SPESO DA SOLI

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teens who spend more time on social media also spend more time with their friends in person—
Note:PIÙ SOCIAL PIÙ COMPAGNIA

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When teens as a group spend more time on screens and less time on in-person social interaction, loneliness will increase on average.
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It’s possible that loneliness causes smartphone use instead of smartphone use causing loneliness, but the abrupt increase in loneliness makes this alternative much less likely.
Note:NESSO INVERSO POCO PROBABILE

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Although the trend toward feeling left out appears among both boys and girls, the increase was especially steep among girls
Note:RAGAZZE PIÙ VULNERABILI

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Afraid You’re Gonna Live: Depression
Note:ttttttt

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“They all looked so damn happy to me. Why couldn’t I look like that?”
Note:IL PENSIERO RETROSTANTE

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the constant thrum of social media and texting, has created an emotionally fragile generation prone to depression.
Note:FRAGILI

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The data from these surveys are stark: teens’ depressive symptoms have skyrocketed in a very short period of time.
Note:IMPENNATA DEPRESSIONE

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many people post only their successes online, so many teens don’t realize that their friends fail at things, too.
Note:IL RUOLO DEI SOCIAL

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If they spent more time with their friends in person, they might realize that they are not the only ones making mistakes.
Note:cccccccccccccc

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the patina of positivity on social media covering the ugly underbelly of reality.
Note:PATINA DI OTTIMISMO

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Instagram posts, like ‘My life is so great.’
Note:GOOD LIFE

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More teens in recent years agree with the depressing statement “My life is not useful,”
Note:ASSENZA DI SENSO

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Just as with the rise in loneliness, girls have borne the brunt of the rise in depressive symptoms.
Note:RAGAZZE PIÙ VULNERABILI

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spending more time on social media and less time on in-person social interaction is correlated with depression.
Note:IL RAPPORTO TEMPO SUI SOCIAL/TEMPO INSIEME È PREDITTIVO DELLA DEPRESSIONE

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Could the Great Recession of 2007–2009 be the outside factor? It did come on suddenly, but the timing is wrong. Unemployment, one of the best indicators of how the economy is affecting real people, peaked in 2010 and then declined, exactly the opposite pattern from depression, which was stable until 2012 and then increased.
Note:IL TIMING DELLA CRISI

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Why might smartphones cause depression? For one thing, not getting a reply to your text or social media message has a high potential for causing anxiety—
Note:INTERVENTI SENZA RISPOSTA

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The emphasis on perfect selfies has amplified body image issues for girls, who often chase likes by taking hundreds of pictures to get just the right one but still end up feeling as though they’ve fallen short.
Note:FOTO E FISICO... RAGAZZE MINACCIATE

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“Every day it’s like you have to wake up and put on a mask and try to be somebody else instead of being yourself,
Note:VIVERE IN PUBBLICO E VIVERE IPOCRITAMENTE

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sexy photo will get lots of likes, but it also invites slut shaming.
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SEXY

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An Epidemic of Anguish: Major Depressive Disorder, Self-Harm, and Suicide
Note:ttttttt

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scared to grow up, terrified that she didn’t know exactly what would happen next.
Note:PAURA DEL FUTURO

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The screening test shows a shocking rise in depression in a short period of time: 56% more teens experienced a major depressive episode in 2015 than in 2010
Note:DALLE INTERVISTE AI DATI CLINICI

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clinically diagnosable major depression.
Note:cccccccc

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the increase in major depressive episodes is far steeper among girls,
Note:GORLS

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Depressed teens are more likely to self-injure, such as through cutting.
Note:TAGLI

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Major depression, especially if it’s severe, is also the primary risk factor for suicide.
Note:SUICIDI

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Suicide, a carefully tracked behavior unaffected by the possible irregularities of self-report surveys, is the most extreme and sadly objective outcome of depression.
Note:AFFIDABILITÁ DEI SUICIDI

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The rise in suicide is more pronounced for girls.
Note:GIRL

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It’s also surprising, because more Americans now take antidepressants
Note:NONOSTANTE GLI ANTIDEPRESSIVI

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Why the Rise in Mental Health Issues?
Note:tttttttt

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An article in The Atlantic blamed teen mental health issues almost exclusively on academic pressure.
Note:CAUSE... PRESSIONI ACCADEMICHE?

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But one good indicator of academic pressure is the amount of time students spend on homework, and as we saw in chapter 1, time spent doing homework is less or about the same as in previous decades, with little change between 2012 and 2016, the years when depression skyrocketed.
Note:NO... TEMPO SPESO X I COMPITI

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Time spent on exercise and sports is linked to less depression, but it didn’t change much since 2012, so they fail test number two, too.
Note:ATTIVITÀ FISICA... IRRILEVANTE

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new-media screen time (such as electronic devices and social media) is linked to mental health issues and/or unhappiness, and it rose at the same time.
Note:ELEMENTI CORRELATI: SCREENING NOTOZIE A VODEO... RELAZIONI PERSONALI

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in-person social interaction and print media are linked to less unhappiness and less depression,
Note:cccccccc

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Another possibility is that iGen’ers are unprepared for adolescence and early adulthood due to their lack of independence.
Note:INDIPENDENZA

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Students whose parents displayed those characteristics (often known as “helicopter parents”) had lower psychological well-being and were more likely to have been prescribed medication for anxiety and depression.
Note:DEPRESSIONE DA ELICOTTERO

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Stealing Sleep
Note:ttttttt

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Just before you go to bed, you check on your teen. It looks as though her light is off, but you’re not sure. Then you see it: the faint blue light of her phone as she looks at it in bed.
Note:CAMERETTE ILLUMINATE DAI VIDEO

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Smartphone use may have decreased teens’ sleep time: more teens now sleep less than seven hours most nights (see Figure 4.12). Sleep experts say that teens should get about nine hours
Note:7 ORE ADI SONNO

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Electronic devices and social media seem to be unique in their effect on sleep compared to older forms of media. Teens who read books and magazines more often are actually less likely to be sleep deprived—either reading puts them to sleep, or they can put the book down at bedtime. TV time is barely related to sleep time.
Note:NEW MEDIA E SONNO

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Other activities that take up a lot of time, such as homework and working for pay, also increase the risk of missing out on sleep.
Note:PENALIZZAZIONE

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Sleep deprivation is linked to myriad issues, including compromised thinking and reasoning, susceptibility to illness, increased weight gain, and high blood pressure. Sleep deprivation also has a significant effect on mood: people who don’t sleep enough are prone to depression and anxiety.
Note:ALTRE CONSEGUENZE

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Intriguing new research shows that the blue light emitted by electronic devices tells our brains it’s still daytime, which makes the brain take longer to fall asleep.
Note:SEMPRE ATTIVI SEMPRE IN PISTA

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What Can We Do?
Note:tttttttt

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the case highlights a nationwide problem: the often inadequate resources for mental health assistance on college campuses.
Note:DEFICIT

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High school students and their parents are already seeking help for psychological issues at an unprecedented rate.
Note:TUTTI DALLO BPSICOLOGO

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The bigger problem will occur if young people don’t seek help.
Note:I PIÙ IN PERICOLO

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Seeing a therapist is still taboo. . . . Nobody likes the idea of putting a label on what can so easily be written off as some form of insecurity—nobody wants to be diagnosed.”
Note:TABÙ

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the abrupt rise in mental health issues strongly suggests that genetics is not the whole story.
Note:GENETICA

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Among those predisposed to depression, only those who experience certain environments will actually become depressed.
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