VUOI ESSERE BEN GOVERNATO?
Trasferisciti in uno stato piccolo (5-10 milioni di abitanti) con un IQ medio
della popolazione superiore a 90 punti.
http://www.arnoldkling.com/blog/country-size-and-quality-of-government/
Visualizzazione post con etichetta alberto alesina size of nations. Mostra tutti i post
Visualizzazione post con etichetta alberto alesina size of nations. Mostra tutti i post
giovedì 28 marzo 2019
mercoledì 14 marzo 2018
2. Overlapping jurisdiction
Il problema: come si disegnano i confini ottimali di uno stato?
#Amazon
#Amazon
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2.1 Introduction
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benefits of size: economies of scale, larger markets, mutual insurance, protection against foreign aggression, and power and influence in international organizations.
Note:RIASSUNTO BENEFICI DIMENSIONE
Note:RIASSUNTO BENEFICI DIMENSIONE
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increasing costs of heterogeneity of preferences,
Note:SVANTAGGI
Note:SVANTAGGI
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For some public goods
Note:OGNI BENE PUBBLICO È UN CASO A PARTE
Note:OGNI BENE PUBBLICO È UN CASO A PARTE
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distance may be insignificant.
Note:X ALCUNI BENI PUBBLICI
Note:X ALCUNI BENI PUBBLICI
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a complex web of overlapping jurisdictions
Note:L OTTIMO TEODICO
Note:L OTTIMO TEODICO
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Without transaction costs, economies of scope, and organizational costs,
Note:BOUQUET DI GOVERNI
Note:BOUQUET DI GOVERNI
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Decentralization within a country can in fact be seen as an intermediate step
Note:UNA VIA VERSO L OTTIMO
Note:UNA VIA VERSO L OTTIMO
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supernational organizations
Note:CONTROPARTE
Note:CONTROPARTE
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we do not observe, say, California joining the United Nations but not the World Trade Organization (WTO),
Note:SECONDO TRADIZIONE...REGOLA DELLA PIRAMIDE
Note:SECONDO TRADIZIONE...REGOLA DELLA PIRAMIDE
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Thus we have a "pyramid"
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2.2 The Trade-off between Size and Heterogeneity
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monetary and financial system, tax collection and fiscal institutions, a legal and judicial system, infrastructures, communication systems, law and order, public libraries, national parks, and embassies.
Note:BENI PUBBLICI
Note:BENI PUBBLICI
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fixed costs,
Note:LA CONVENIENZA
Note:LA CONVENIENZA
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Different individuals have different views about how the polity should spend their tax money.'
Note:TUTTAVIA
Note:TUTTAVIA
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some citizens prefer a strong defense
Note:ES
Note:ES
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Public goods have not only an ideological dimension but also a geographical
Note:PREFERENZE IDEOLOGICHE E VANTAGGI GEOGR
Note:PREFERENZE IDEOLOGICHE E VANTAGGI GEOGR
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the capital,
Note:PRIVILEGI
Note:PRIVILEGI
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it is advantageous to live around Paris,
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"hub" of the main national airline, either in Milan or Rome
Note:SU QUALE AEROPORTO PUNTARE?
Note:SU QUALE AEROPORTO PUNTARE?
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an Irish person who happened to agree with a Japanese person on school policies would set up a joint public school system.
Note:SE LA GEOGRAFIA NN CONTASSE
Note:SE LA GEOGRAFIA NN CONTASSE
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individuals who are close together in space are also more alike in preferences,
Note:ALTRA SPIEGA SULLA COMPATTEZZA GEOGRAF
Note:ALTRA SPIEGA SULLA COMPATTEZZA GEOGRAF
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hundreds of years of proximity generate more uniformity
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A common language
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Geography and preferences are likely to be correlated
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sorting by income, race, and ethnicity.3
Note:USA APARTHEID
Note:USA APARTHEID
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a "liberal Democrat who lives in a largely Republican neighborhood
Note:ES DI NON CORRELAZIONE
Note:ES DI NON CORRELAZIONE
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for instance, one would want large jurisdictions that share a currency, and much smaller ones that share a school system.
Note:ESEMPIO DI OTTIMO
Note:ESEMPIO DI OTTIMO
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In reality, we observe that small jurisdictions (school districts, municipalities) are not crossed by the borders of large ones
Note:CAMBIARE I SOLDI X LA FOCACIA A SCUOLA
Note:CAMBIARE I SOLDI X LA FOCACIA A SCUOLA
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large jurisdiction generally encloses smaller jurisdictions.
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Citizens of two different countries do not share public goods
Note:NELLA REALTÀ
Note:NELLA REALTÀ
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overlapping jurisdictions, would imply excessive organizational costs.
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Multiproduct companies, such as Proctor and Gamble,
Note:ECONOMIE DI SCOPO
Note:ECONOMIE DI SCOPO
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military forces can be used for external defense and to keep law and order
Note:ESEMPIO
Note:ESEMPIO
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satisfy heterogeneous preferences.
Note:ANCHE QUI CONTRAPPESO
Note:ANCHE QUI CONTRAPPESO
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Musgrave (1971) describes a world free of transaction costs and economies of scope and organized in overlapping jurisdictions
Note:TEORIA
Note:TEORIA
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Frey and Eichenberger (1999)
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Note:FOCIJ
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the monopoly of legitimate use of coercion plays a special role; to some extent it defines the very nature of a state,
Note:NATURA DELLO STATO
Note:NATURA DELLO STATO
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*2.3 A Model of Specialized Jurisdictions
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