Lo status vince sulla sostanza

Students in Germany rated their curriculum, teaching and job prospects more highly when their universities were labeled “excellent” by the government — even though the award was unrelated to teaching, according to new research.

EDMUND BURKE SUL BUON GOVERNO

Riccardo Mariani

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EDMUND BURKE SUL BUON GOVERNO

In economia i governi hanno un ruolo difficile da interpretare: quello di non far niente. Il sostegno dei poveri è un diritto/dovere del buon cristiano, quando i governi s’intromettono usurpando questa missione a chi è legittimato a compierla non solo realizzano un’ingerenza in campo economico ma sabotano anche le prove che Dio ci mette di fronte per giudicarci.

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The Roads to Modernity: The British, French and American Enlightenments

Gertrude Himmelfarb's elegant and wonderfully readable work, The Roads to Modernity, reclaims the Enlightenment from historians who have downgraded its importance and from scholars who have given preeminence to the Enlightenment in France over concurrent movements in England and in America.Himmer...

LE QUATTRO LEGGI DELLA MENTE UMANA

Riccardo Mariani

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LE QUATTRO LEGGI DELLA MENTE UMANA.

Prima legge: la mente riposata ragiona, quella stanca racconta.

Seconda legge: la mente riposata agisce, quella stanca guarda.

Terza legge: la mente riposata presidia il presente, quella stanca vagola nel passato.

Quarta legge: nella mente riposata è la coscienza ad alimentare la memoria, in quella stanca è la memoria ad alimentare la coscienza.

Lo scienziato si avvale perlopiù di una mente riposata, l’artista di una mente stanca, praticamente addormentata, spesso al limite del sogno. L’intelligenza di gente come John von Neumann, tanto per dire, è sempre fresca e riposata, l’intelligenza visionaria di un Napoleone è invece più nebulosa e creativa… Detto questo tutti noi ci muoviamo tra i due poli, in genere al mattino frequentiamo il primo e la sera il secondo.

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The Tides of Mind: Uncovering the Spectrum of Consciousness

A “rock star” (New York Times) of the computing world provides a radical new work on the meaning of human consciousness.The holy grail of psychologists and scientists for nearly a century has been to understand and replicate both human thought and the human mind. In fact, it's wh...

CRONOLOGIA DEL SOGNO

Riccardo Mariani

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Cose imparate oggi.

Nelle prime tre ore di sonno sogniamo rimescolando eventi dell’ultima settimana, nelle successive tre attingiamo dal passato remoto per tornare in prossimità del risveglio ad eventi più recenti.

Fonte: Paul Verdone “Temporal Reference of Manifest Dream Content”. Roba del 1965.

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The Tides of Mind: Uncovering the Spectrum of Consciousness

A “rock star” (New York Times) of the computing world provides a radical new work on the meaning of human consciousness.The holy grail of psychologists and scientists for nearly a century has been to understand and replicate both human thought and the human mind. In fact, it's wh...

Two - Three Thirds of the Spectrum

Two Three Thirds of the Spectrum
Note:2@@@@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 485

“Top of the spectrum” means your best, clearest reasoning—
Note:LO SPETRO DELLA MENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 486

For some people, logical thinking consumes more territory than for others.
Note:ASSUNTO COMUNE

Yellow highlight | Location: 487

Our energy and focus levels determine our current spectrum position.
Note:ENERGIA E FUNZIONAMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 488

natural work costs us less energy
Note:ASSUNTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 490

personal qualities and habits
Note:COSA PESA

Yellow highlight | Location: 490

View 1: The Transformation in How We Make Sense of the World
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 492

mind has a powerful urge to make sense of the universe
Note:IL PROB DEL SENSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 493

how the countless pieces at countless scales relate;
Note:METTERE IN RELAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 494

big picture.

Yellow highlight | Location: 494

using logic.

Note | Location: 494

UN MODO

Yellow highlight | Location: 495

inventing stories
Note:ALTRO MODO

Yellow highlight | Location: 496

This is the logic-versus-narrative axis.

Yellow highlight | Location: 501

As energy dips and freshness fades, and our thinker makes his way down
Note:IL PASSAGGIO DA LOGICA A STORIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 503

using less logic and more experience (what usually works?),
Note:COSA FUNZIONA

Yellow highlight | Location: 503

increasingly distractible.

Yellow highlight | Location: 504

memories, daydreams, and fantasies
Note:COSA CONTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 509

another strategy for building thought sequences emerges.
Note:MAN MANO CHE SUBENTRA LA STANCHEZZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 510

It can be hard to turn a collection of memories and ideas into a story,
Note:IL SOGNO....COME COLLAZIONE...COME METTERE INSIEME

Yellow highlight | Location: 511

from premise to goal.
Note:METTERE INSIEME...SENSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 511

minds are in business to make sense. Logic and narrative are different ways

Yellow highlight | Location: 512

The scientist explains the origins of the universe with a logical argument. The religious believer tells a story.
Note:SENSO...FEDE E RAGIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 513

logical argument has predictive power.
Note:PREDIZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 514

Only the story has normative moral content.
Note:PRECETTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 514

Only a fool would pronounce one superior.
Note:COSA VIENE PRIMA

Yellow highlight | Location: 515

STORYTELLING
Note:Tttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 515

how satisfying stories are at the end of the day.
Note:A LETTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 516

bedtime story

Yellow highlight | Location: 516

calming children,

Yellow highlight | Location: 517

to tell exactly the same bedtime story
Note:RICHIESTA COMUNE

Yellow highlight | Location: 518

if she varied in the slightest particular
Note:CAZZIATONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 519

They don’t want to know the story; they want to hear it, as one hears a song.
Note:L ESIGENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 519

the perfect lead-in to dreaming.
Note:VIATICO

Yellow highlight | Location: 520

Some adults read themselves to sleep.
Note:NOI STESSI

Yellow highlight | Location: 520

Proust
Note:UN CASO SINGOLARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 521

Story and dream would blend perfectly.

Yellow highlight | Location: 523

Stories are plainly easier to remember than other forms of information.
Note:RICORDO

Yellow highlight | Location: 523

Illiterate bards sing long epic poems

Yellow highlight | Location: 524

in Liberia remember the histories of whole clans and tribes.

Note | Location: 524

MEMORIA INCRED

Yellow highlight | Location: 525

stories are made for remembering.
Note:DIREI DI PIÙ

Yellow highlight | Location: 527

The mythical Scheherazade,
Note:L EMBLEMA DELL URGENZA DI UNA STORIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 532

THEME CIRCLES
Note:Tttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 534

They have thematic unity.
Note:STORIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 534

A dream is a loose bundle of scenes that change abruptly
Note:SOGNO

Yellow highlight | Location: 535

more a set of anecdotes

Yellow highlight | Location: 536

we usually discover that they are all about the same thing—
Note:GUARDANDO MEGLIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 537

“theme-circling”
Note:NOCCIOLO

Yellow highlight | Location: 538

the whole circle points to the center,

Yellow highlight | Location: 540

like a mature novel by the eminent V. S. Naipaul.
Note:ANALOGIA DEL SOGNO

Yellow highlight | Location: 544

a carefully plotted work that builds to a climax.
Note:STORIA E ANEDDOTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 548

the repetitions in a theme-circling narrative, each segment pointing toward the same center
Note:NEL RACCONTO ANEDOTTICO

Yellow highlight | Location: 549

Awareness of the theme grows naturally

Yellow highlight | Location: 552

To retrieve a recollection, we reconstruct the full scene from our notes—a
Note:SI RIPESCA LIBERAMENTE DALLA MEMORIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 553

“Re-creation is the key term here,”

Yellow highlight | Location: 553

David Foulkes.
Note:PSICOLOGO DELLA RICREAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 557

We are like reporters transforming notes into news stories.
Note:REPORTER

Yellow highlight | Location: 558

FROM LANGUAGE TO IMAGES
Note:Ttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 558

Dreaming is storytelling in pictures.
Note:DEF

Yellow highlight | Location: 560

“Visualization of the fluid sort that we find in our dreams,”
Note:FORMA DI PENSIERO...GIÀ FREUD

Yellow highlight | Location: 564

we teach children how to speak and write but not how to draw;
Note:NOTATO?

Yellow highlight | Location: 565

we want precision and conciseness and often rely on abstraction.
Note:CON IL LINGUAGGIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 566

Nabokov wonders whether a memory of his first girlfriend will “survive captivity in the zoo of words”
Note:LE PAROLE SBIADISCONO

Yellow highlight | Location: 568

uncertain whether words will convey the sensory richness and mystery of memories
Note:DUBBIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 571

vision is our primary sense. When we remember the past, we usually remember in pictures.
Note:VISIONE DEL PASSATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 575

thinking without Images,”
Note:PERICOLOSO PER COLERIDGE

Yellow highlight | Location: 576

the real alternative to language as a form of communication is the body itself.

Note | Location: 577

BODYLANGUAGE

Yellow highlight | Location: 582

We have developed an interest in objective truth.
Note:Tttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 584

legal worldviews are more sophisticated than religious ones,
Note:INDIZIO CHE LO SPETTRO ALTO È SEMPRE PIÙ VALORIZZATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 587

View 2: The Transition from Acting to Being as the Main Focus of Mind
Note:tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 588

acting and being—what the mind does and how it is.
Note:DUE FATTI SULLA MENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 590

the deliberate manipulation of conscious mental states:
Note:ATTIVITÀ MENTALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 591

sensation and feeling: feelings, physical or mental.
Note:L ESSENZA DELLA MENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 593

Spectrum Law: Up-spectrum, the mind is dominated by doing. Down-spectrum, it is dominated by being.
Note:SECONDA LEGGE

Yellow highlight | Location: 596

ABOUTNESS DISSOLVES
Note:Ttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 596

Much of mental life has a topic: my car, your car, where to park, Mike and Erica, tension in the European Union, peanuts. And much has no topic: I am dizzy with happiness, in pain,
Note:CONTENUTO...RIFERIMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 599

I might be giving a lecture about fear, or (on the other hand) I might be afraid. Or I could be both:

Yellow highlight | Location: 603

By “sensation,” I mean the many subtle body feelings associated with fear; by “experience,” I mean those feelings
Note:SENSAZIONE...ESPERIENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 605

aware of my sensations or feelings,
Note:DIPENDE ANCHE DALLA PARTE DI SPETTRO CHE PRIVILEGIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 607

thinking about,
Note:PARTE ALTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 607

Down-spectrum I tend, increasingly, not to think about, but just to be.

Yellow highlight | Location: 609

Intentionality is the quality of aboutness,
Note:INTENZIONALITÀ => RIFERIMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 612

Being depressed is about nothing. It is just a way to be.
Note:SUBIRE => SENSAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 617

Franz Brentano,
Note:IL PRIMO A INTRODURRE L INTENZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 617

from the medieval scholastics, who found it in Aristotle.
Note:FONTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 618

states of mind
Note:INT.PROPR DEL

Yellow highlight | Location: 619

No mere physical state,
Note:NEGAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 620

Only states of mind can be intentional,

Yellow highlight | Location: 621

what is specifically mental about the mental?—
Note:LA DOMANDA A CUI VOLEVA RISPONDERE

Yellow highlight | Location: 622

The answer, I believe, lies in subjectivism.
Note:RISPOSTA ALTERNARIVA A B.

Yellow highlight | Location: 624

subjective face that is visible to you alone.
Note:LO STATO MENTALE E SOLO LUI POSSIEDE INTERNALISMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 626

Only our eyes are turned backward. . . .
Note:RILKE

Yellow highlight | Location: 627

Animals only look out,

Yellow highlight | Location: 632

In terms of aboutness, feelings and music are analogous.

Note | Location: 632

IL RIFERIMENTO DELLA MUSICA

Yellow highlight | Location: 634

Music is not capable of aboutness.
Note:SENZA CONTENUTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 634

communicate emotion but not information.
Note:INTERIORITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 635

THE SPECTRUM FROM THE STANDPOINT OF EMOTION
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 636

emotion disrupts thought
Note:ELIMINARE DALLO SPETTRO ALTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 638

Early mornings are rarely the time for storms of rage or despair.
Note:MATTINO

Yellow highlight | Location: 640

Many dreams are highly emotional.
Note:BASSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 641

even our sense of self is shouldered aside. We forget ourselves, lose our selves.
Note:QUANDO LA SENSAZIONE DOMINA

Yellow highlight | Location: 642

mere experiencers.

Yellow highlight | Location: 643

we are wide open and have no defense against nightmare.
Note:LA PERDITA DI SÈ CI TERRORIZZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 645

AT THE BOTTOM OF THE “EMOTIONS SPECTRUM”
Note:Tttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 648

“selfless state of pure being.”

Yellow highlight | Location: 649

simple.

Yellow highlight | Location: 653

awareness in general has been pushed out of the way.

Yellow highlight | Location: 655

We have trouble finding, as well as forming, these low-spectrum memories. We encounter the problem of overconsciousness.
Note:LA COSCIENZA È COSÌ IMNERSA NELL EVENTO CHE NN LASCIA MEMORIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 667

TESTIMONY: OVERCONSCIOUSNESS, “CONSCIOUSNESS BURN”
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 669

eyewitness to an accident in J. M. Coetzee’s Age of Iron
Note:ESEMPUO DI OVERCON

Yellow highlight | Location: 670

in one instant the boy put out a hand to save himself, in the next he was part of a tangle in the gutter.”
Note:GAP TRA DUE MMENTI NELL INCIDENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 671

Ernest Hemingway
Note:COLPITO N GUERRA

Yellow highlight | Location: 671

“A roar that started white and went red

Yellow highlight | Location: 674

I can experience something, as I have mentioned, without being aware that I am experiencing
Note:COSCIENZA NN RADDOPPIATA

Yellow highlight | Location: 678

I have no basis for memory—except for memory of the sensations themselves.
Note:IN QS CASI

Yellow highlight | Location: 679

utter misery, that it cannot be remembered”
Note:THOMAS THE QUINXEY

Yellow highlight | Location: 681

“Delphine is so stunned that, later, she does not remember putting down the receiver or rushing in tears to her bed or lying there howling his name.”
Note:ROTH...LA MACCHIA UMANA

Yellow highlight | Location: 683

newcomers to Auschwitz saw sights they simply could not absorb,
Note:MRTIN AMIS

Yellow highlight | Location: 684

“One seldom remembers a moment when one’s whole self goes into a passionate or violent action.”
Note:RIASSUNTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 687

“Nikki was explosive, crazily emotional, and could do and say bizarre things and not even remember them afterwards”
Note:ROTH...ALTRO ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 689

Georg Büchner’s manic-depressive hero Lenz
Note:UN ALTRO

Yellow highlight | Location: 694

“Remember what April was like when we were young,” writes John Banville,
Note:OVERCONSC...TIPICO DEL INFANZIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 697

A child’s mind is biased toward the spectrum’s low
Note:BIASED

Yellow highlight | Location: 702

Karen Blixen
Note:ALTRI ESEMPI

Yellow highlight | Location: 704

sits down and lives.”

Yellow highlight | Location: 704

“Boredom is a sentiment not available to the Hottentot,”
Note:DETTO CON DISPREZZO

Yellow highlight | Location: 708

PURE BEING AND THE DREAM
Note:Tttttttttrrtr

Yellow highlight | Location: 713

Every night we experience, in dreams, sensation or emotion so vivid as to occupy our minds almost completely
Note:CASO TIPICO DI OVER

Yellow highlight | Location: 714

“They slept again . . . , dreamlessly, or so they believed” (Cynthia Ozick, Foreign

Yellow highlight | Location: 718

When we hallucinate, we don’t just recall the memory; we reexperience
Note:MEMORIA E ALLUCINAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 722

we do not tend to reflect about the dream
Note:NEL SOGNO

Yellow highlight | Location: 724

sleep researchers Inge Strauch and Barbara Meier
Note:STUDIOSI

Yellow highlight | Location: 724

in dreaming, “we deal predominantly with events of the moment”
Note:LA LORO TESI

Yellow highlight | Location: 725

total attention.”

Yellow highlight | Location: 740

Foulkes wonders, “How can our awareness of dream events be so vivid, while we are so little aware of what our minds in fact are up to?”
Note:UN IO VIVISSIMO...TROPPO

Yellow highlight | Location: 744

THE EMOTIONS AXIS, IN SUM
Note:Tttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 744

As we move down-spectrum, we gradually lose control over thought; we grow passive. Mental states grow more vivid and enveloping. We daydream, fantasize,
Note:RIASSUNTO...ZERO DISTACCO

Yellow highlight | Location: 747

Overconsciousness is also a contributor to the other great mystery of forgetting
Note:DIMENTICARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 748

infantile amnesia,” Freud called it.

Yellow highlight | Location: 749

between two and four years, we recall nothing.
Note:ETÀ DELL OBLIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 750

sensations overwhelm us,

Yellow highlight | Location: 763

View 3: The Transition from Outer to Inner Field of Consciousness
Note:Tttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 764

As we move down-spectrum, we become increasingly inner-focused until, drowsy and with mind wandering,
Note:OGGETTIVO...SOGGETTIVO

Yellow highlight | Location: 766

sink into ourselves,

Yellow highlight | Location: 768

“deepening himself,”

Yellow highlight | Location: 770

Coetzee’s narrator should plunge into a boyhood memory.)

Yellow highlight | Location: 772

Spectrum Law: Up-spectrum, we live in the present. Down-spectrum, we tend increasingly not merely to recall but to revisit, briefly to reoccupy, the past.
Note:TERZA LEGGE

Yellow highlight | Location: 791

As we move lower, memory takes on its more characteristic function. I am reminded of scenes and events that emerge from memory
Note:MEMORIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 792

Our focus moves from outer to inner.

Yellow highlight | Location: 795

In the upper spectrum, you dance to the music. At the bottom, you are still dancing, but the music is inside your head,

Note | Location: 796

UN MONDO NELLA TESTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 801

BACKWARD IN TIME
Note:Tttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 803

The growing vividness of memories, eventually turning hallucinatory,

Yellow highlight | Location: 820

STRANGE STATES ON THE WAY TO SLEEP
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 821

As we approach sleep, our minds pass through strange states that we almost never recall.
Note:VERSO IL SONNO

Yellow highlight | Location: 822

we are hallucinating, as when we dream. But the distortions of actual dreaming have yet to begin.
Note:ALKUCINAZIONE CHE NN È ANCORA SOGNO

Yellow highlight | Location: 825

Sleep-onset thought is rarely mentioned in any sort of literature, but Charlotte Brontë knew all about it.
Note:UN MOMENTO DI CUI SI PARLA POCO

Yellow highlight | Location: 836

THE DEPTHS
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 836

What happens once we have fallen asleep? The obvious prediction is that we continue to move down-spectrum,
Note:SONNO

Yellow highlight | Location: 840

sleep-lab studies

Yellow highlight | Location: 840

1965 study titled “Temporal Reference of Manifest Dream Content,” Paul Verdone

Yellow highlight | Location: 842

elements encountered in reality in the last week;
Note:PRIME 3 ORE

Yellow highlight | Location: 843

references moved back in time toward more remote events
Note:DALLA QUARTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 843

reversal of this trend occurred toward more recent temporal reference.
Note:POI

Yellow highlight | Location: 848

we are chronicle composers observing our own lives, living largely in retrospect.
Note:CHI SIAMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 853

A Summary Rule of Thumb
Note:Tttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 862

Spectrum Rule of Thumb: Up-spectrum, consciousness feeds memory. Down-spectrum, memory feeds consciousness.
Note:LEGGE GENERALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 866

Spectrum Rule of Thumb: Below the spectrum’s midline, thought is increasingly out of control.

Yellow highlight | Location: 871

AXES, IN SUM
Note:Tttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 887

PERSONALITY
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 889

John von Neumann,
Note:MENTE MATEMATICA

Yellow highlight | Location: 890

Eugene Wigner said, “Whenever I talked with von Neumann, I always had the impression that only he was fully awake.”
Note:TESTIMONIANZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 899

Napoléon was a different kind of genius. He knew warfare, politics, symbolism, big pictures.
Note:IMMGINE...VISIONARIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 903

I do “a thousand projects every night as I fall asleep” (Napoléon).
Note:DETTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 912

Proust’s alter ego speaks of his “natural inclination to daydream”

Yellow highlight | Location: 914

Jane Austen’s Emma tells us that “a linguist, a grammarian,” “even a mathematician” is very different from her; she is “an imaginist.”

Yellow highlight | Location: 937

Everyone has a distinct cognitive personality or thought style—a

Yellow highlight | Location: 943

THE BIGGER PICTURE
Note:Ttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 944

Only subjectivists and subjectivism can elucidate the deep problems of the spectrum, or at least inch forward in that direction—because only subjectivists can see them.
Note:OGGETTO Ismo UBEE ALLES

Yellow highlight | Location: 945

Martin Heidegger
Note:ESEMPI

Yellow highlight | Location: 946

van Gogh’s

Yellow highlight | Location: 971

in the twentieth century the mainstream scientists climbing higher, rung by rung up the spectrum, like high-wire artists stepping up
Note:SCIENZIATI SEMPRE PIÙ SU ARTISTI SEMPRE PIÙ GIÙ

Yellow highlight | Location: 973

The artists were deliberately descending the spectrum
Note:ARTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 975

toward pure concreteness,
Note:VAGGIO DELK ARTISTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 975

sheer being is a miracle that needs grasping
Note:NN SPIEGAZIONI MA LLUMINAZIONI

Yellow highlight | Location: 978

My task in this book is to assemble the fundamental facts about subjective reality,
Note:RIPETIAMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 979

the mind in motion,
ORGANISMO