HL 2 Why Hide our Shared Values? The problem of tradition

2 Why Hide our Shared Values? The problem of tradition
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technocrats and intellectuals often regard European values and traditions that have evolved over the centuries as not only irrelevant
Note:IL TECNOCRATE E I VALORI

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values, in a negative light.
Note:IL POSTO DEI VALORI

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past is perceived as a strange and dangerous territory,
Note:IL PASSATO

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anti-populist cultural script decries the traditionalist inclinations of its foes.
Note:POPULISMO O TRADIZIONALISMO?

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‘populist ideology relies heavily on nostalgia’.
Note:LA CRITICA

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they naively perceive it as a golden age
Note:INGENUI SUL PASSATO...X GLI ANTPOP

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a distorted sense of contemporary reality.
Note:ACCUSA AI POP

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devaluation of the past has as its corollary, an uncritical embrace of the present.
Note:MA VALE ANCHE L INVERSO

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we live ‘in the best of all possible worlds’.
Note:PROGRESSISMO PANGLOSSIANO

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not only nostalgia for the 1930s, but also the 1960s.
Note:L ETÀ DELL ORO

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warn mothers and fathers to be wary of the childrearing practices used by parents in previous times.
Note:IL DISPREZZO X IL PASSATO ARRIVA A TANTO

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the way that the adult world socializes young
Note:LA CROXIATA CONTRO IL PASSATO

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grandparents is frequently disregarded as irrelevant
Note:NONNI

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desire to recover the historic traditions associated with the identity of being Hungarian.
Note:LA DIVERSITÀ UNGHERESE

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preserve and keep alive their heritage.
Note:L OBBIETTIVO

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values are seen to possess meaning.
Note:NN LA NOSTALGIA

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The problem of tradition
Note:Ttttttt

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the EU routinely sponsors festivals celebrating Europe’s heritage or the architectural, artistic, and scientific achievements
Note:IL RIPUDIO DEL PASSATO NN È EVDENTE

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Its anti-traditionalism is directed at traditional customs and values
Note:DOVE SI CONCENTRA L ATTACCO

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nation and religion.
Note:OBBIETTIVI

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left to EU-phile intellectuals and, in particular, academics.
Note:GLI ALFIERI DELL ANTI

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German philosopher Jürgen Habermas
Note:ES DI UN ACERRIMO NEMICO DELL UNGHERIA

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His dislike of tradition is particularly directed at national values,
Note:HABER

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to distance people from their national communities.
Note:IL SUO PROGETTO

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the rights of minorities, which are promoted at the expense of the right of nations to self-determination.
Note:DOVE MARTELLA

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identities that are ‘post-traditional’ and ‘post-national’.
Note:PREFERENZE DI HABER

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‘politics of recognition’ and its affirmation of diverse identities
Note:CEMBRA INCOERENTE CON IL COSMOPOLITISMO...MA...

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animated by a dislike for the consciousness of nationhood,
Note:IL VERO NEMICO DELLE MINORANZE

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‘not defined by reference to the past’.
Note:CONCEZIONE ATEMPORALE DEI DIRITTI UMANI

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‘not focused on cultural traditions’.
Note:Cccccccc

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freed from the traditions
Note:L AMBIZIONE

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a reaction to Europe’s past
Note:L UE X H.

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justified reaction to the cycle of destructive violence unleashed by nationalist politics that culminated with the horrors of Nazi Germany.
Note:L UE X H.

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support for tradition involves an uncritical and unthinking mindset.
Note:X H.

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identification for the passive, uncritical, unthinking,
Note:TRADIZIONE X H.

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perceived as an irrational rejection of reason
Note:IL NAZIONALISMO

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Professor Jan-Werner Müller, also a critic of Hungarian
Note:ALTRO ESPONENTE ANTIPOP

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inherited beliefs have rarely been embraced uncritically.
Note:UN MIO STUDIO

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it fails to grasp the process through which traditions change and mutate and adapt to new circumstances.
Note:LACUNA CRITICI ANTIPOPU

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caricatured as a static dogma.
Note:LA TRADIZIONE X L ANTIPOPU

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Edward Shils
Note:SOCIOLOGO DELLA TRADIZ

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‘the appreciation of the accomplishments and wisdom of the past
Note:IL CAMBIAMENTO ALL INTERNO DI

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past as valid guides’.
Note:Ccccccc

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people had to engage in acts of interpretation and construct solutions to the problems of the time.
Note:CAMBIARE NEL RISPETTO

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used reason to attempt to resolve the tension between the received wisdom of eternal truths and the experience that confronted them.
Note:RUOLO DELLA RAGIONE

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merely a version of the rationalist anti-traditional outlook
Note:LA VERSIONE DI H.

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traditionalism is not only irrational but also has negative and destructive consequences.
Note:GIUNTA XSONALE DI H

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kind of authoritarian personality that supported the Nazi
Note:IL CULTO DEL TRADIZ

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the tragedy of the Holocaust
Note:INVALIDA LA SAPIENZA RICEVUTA

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Hannah Arendt
Note:LA BESTOA NERA DI JH

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the phenomenon of totalitarianism constituted a break from the continuity of Western history and its tradition.
Note:TESI AH

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Holocaust demands a reaffirmation of the traditions
Note:CONCL OPPOSTE

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rejection of tradition is usually associated with Brave New World type totalitarian regimes.
Note:BRAVE NEW WORLD

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‘The Holocaust did not begin with gas chambers – it began with words’.
Note:SLOGAN ANTIPOP

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any distressing event that chronologically preceded the Holocaust
Note:SECONDO LA LOGICA DI H...TUTTO IL MALE È DIETRO TUTTO IL BENE DAVANTI

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Habermas’ preference is for what he calls a ‘constructivist perspective’
Note:COSTRUTTIVISMO ASTRATTO

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His language often communicates a paternalistic social engineering ambition,
Note:INGEGNERIA SOCIALE

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just as all roads led to the Holocaust in the past, so today all manifestations of traditionalism, nationalism, and populism lead forward to the reoccurrence of this tragedy.
Note:IL PASSATO X H

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a doctrine towards the state that he describes as constitutional patriotism.
Note:H...L ANTIDOTO AL TOTALITARISMO DI MASSA

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But how can the influence of traditional values be diminished?
Note:FAMIGLIA NAZIONE RELIGIONE...IL PROB DI H...NN POSSONO ESSERE ABOLITE

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he opts for an approach that encourages a climate of scepticism towards the status and moral authority of the values of tradition.
Note:LA STRATEGIA

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‘identities were most likely to emerge where national traditions had been put decisively into question
Note:L IDENTITÀ PLURALE DEL COSTITUZIONALISMO PATRIOTTICO

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the attempt to uphold and promote national traditions and identity constitutes a form of disturbing cultural pathology.
Note:L OSYACOLO AL PROGETTO....UNGHERIA

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denounces the ‘dark forces of conservatism and modern fascism’
Note:LA DENUNCIA DI CHI RECUPERA LA TRADIZIONE

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revival of the authoritarian and extreme nationalistic values
Note:NN TRAD MA REVIVAL

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linkage of Hungarian conservatism with fascism
Note:IL SOLITO LINK

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Britain has become uncomfortable about celebrating its traditions
Note:ACCOGLIENZA ALLO UNION JACK

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students at several universities burnt their nation’s flag.
Note:DOPO L ELEZIONE DI TRUMP...UN FENOMENO RICORRENTE

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estrangement from symbols of nationhood and historical continuity.
Note:STRANIAMENTO

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Ferdinand Tönnies pointed to the tendency of modernist technocratic institutions to react to the customs
Note:GIÀ TRA LE DUE GUERRE

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C. J. Friedrich,
Note:NEGLI ANNI SETTANTA

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‘in the twentieth century tradition became a pejorative term’.
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The current hostility towards tradition is directed at celebrating the present and upholding the values that prevail today.
Note:PRESENTISMO...NON HA UN PROGETTO PER IL FURTURO

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national sentiment and a ‘past centred on national history’ is perceived as a political malady that needs to be cured by enlightened social engineers.
Note:SEMPRE H

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a neo-colonialist impulse to impose EU values on the new East European member states.
Note:LO PENSANO IN MOLTI....EUROPIZZAZIONE

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this programme explicitly encouraged a de-territorialized version of European history.
Note:GIÀ IL PROGRAMMA ORIGINARIO DI MONNET

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The power of the Crown
Note:Tttttttttttttttttt

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‘today’s public opinion in Hungary is infused with intense spontaneous national identity’.
Note:EPPURE IL NAZIONALISMO PROSPERA

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Hungary, ‘for the first time in history’ this nation ‘possessed all the requisites that were considered essential for national independence by classics of nationalistic thought’.
Note:XCHÈ IL NAZIONALISMO UNGHERESE HA PREVALSO SULLA MDERNITÀ?

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a divergence between nations that could take their identity for granted and those who have struggled to reappropriate
Note:IL GREAT DIVIDE

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During the era of Soviet domination, the people of Hungary, like those of East Europe, were discouraged from exploring their national identity.
Note:ESEMPIO

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Horn’s attempt to reclaim the legacy of populist nationalism for the left represented a pragmatic attempt to associate his party with Hungary’s national sentiment.
Note:IL NAZIONALISMO UNGHERESE COMINCIA A SINISTRA...FAR DIMENTICARE IL LEGAME PASSATO CON I SOVIETICI

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The revival of public interest in the Crown caught many Hungarian intellectuals and commentators unawares.
Note:LA ROTTURA DELLA SINISTRA CON IL RECUPERO DELLA TRADIZIONE

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totally irrelevant to the needs of the twenty-first century.
Note:IL SIMBOLO DELLA CORONA

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The problem of foundation
Note:Tttttttttttttttttttttt

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the source of authority was located in religion, or tradition and custom, or popular sovereignty, or science, or in the persona of a charismatic leader, or in legal rules and procedures.
Note:I FONDAMENTI DELL AUTORITÀ

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attempts to displace tradition with an alternative source of legitimation, such as science or legal rules, lack the moral and normative foundation
Note:TESI ARENDT

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the legitimacy of the new regime rested on its relationship to Europe and its association with the historical triumph of Western capitalism over Soviet communism.
Note:LA LEGITTIMITÀ DEL NUOVO GOV UNGHERESE

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the problem of foundation.
Note:DIAMO UN NOME AL PROB

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‘in all societies’, the law ‘derives its authority from something outside itself’.
Note:H.BERMAN

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Year Zero history is symptomatic of the trend of ‘hiding the values of the past’
Note:RETORICA DELL ANNO ZERO

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an appeal to ‘nature’s God’,
Note:IL FONDAMENTO NELLA DICH USA

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a truth that is beyond debate and discussion.
Note:Cccccccccc

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Tradition and authority
Note:Tttttttttttttttt

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a very different appreciation of historical continuities and the role of tradition.
Note:IL VALONE TRA UNGHERIA E UE

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fatalistic teleology of gloom that regards the Holocaust as the inexorable consequence of the political appeal of national traditions
Note:LA CRITICA DELLA TRADIZIONE OGGI

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Such criticisms have their roots in the eighteenth-century Age of Reason, when science, rationality, and enlightenment were portrayed as the polar opposite to tradition.
Note:SOLO RINVERDITA UNA VECCHIA TRAD DI PENSIERO

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Diderot celebrated ‘trampling on prejudice, tradition, universal consent, authority’
Note:UJ ESEMPIO

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no attempt to distinguish between values that were demeaning or harmful and those that possessed virtue.
Note:IL DIFETTO DELL APPROCCIO DEI FRANCESI

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European elite culture became increasingly distanced from the values of tradition.
Note:INFLUENZA DECISIVA

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Tradition and Authority (1972), Carl Joachim Friedrich,
Note:SU QS TEMI

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tendency to treat tradition as a form of misleading prejudice.
Note:IL LAVORO DI FR

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tradition is not ‘unrelated to reason and reasoning’
Note:TESI FR

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tradition was only a problem if it was promoted as an end in itself;
Note:AVVERTENZA

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Friedrich contrasted the concept of tradition to that of traditionalism.
Note:OPPOSIZIONE...IL SECONDO È IDEOLOGIA

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the declining influence of tradition.
Note:LA COSA PREOCCUPAVA LA ARENDT

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the loss of a particular tradition could help society to look back upon the past with ‘unexpected freshness’ and rediscover experience and traditions

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NN TUTTO È NEGATIVO X LA A

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humanity could deprive itself of ‘one dimension, the dimension of depth in human existence’.
Note:MA PREVALGONO I TIMORI

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‘memory and depth are the same’
Note:X LA A

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the realm of meaning and of values.
Note:IL REGNO DI APPARTENENZA

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Max Weber
Note:ALTRO SOCIOLOGO TEDESCO...LE TRE BASI DEL POTERE

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Rational grounds,
Note:1

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Traditional grounds,
Note:2

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Charismatic grounds,
Note:3

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it draws too direct a contrast between the rational/legal and the traditional grounds for constructing legitimacy.
Note:LA CRITICA DI MOLTI...ES Friedrich

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legal and bureaucratic rules need a normative foundation if authority
Note:MA IL RAZIONALISMO NN BASTA...VEDI UE UÈ UNGHERIA

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What values?
Note:Tttttttttt

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he could not convince himself that with the decline of tradition, the modern state could draw on a new source of foundational authority.
Note:LO STESSO WEBER NN CAPIVA

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The rational-legal lacks the cultural and moral resources possessed by tradition to motivate and influence the public.
Note:LA LACUNA

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‘Compared with firm beliefs in the positive religiously revealed
Note:NESSUN CFR X WEBER

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there are ‘substantive and moral questions about the content and justification of law itself’.
Note:David Beetham

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Robert Grafstein
Note:SOTTO

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‘belief in legality amounts to an empty verbal resolution of the substantive problem of accounting for obedience
Note:SOLO PAROLE

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Lawrence Friedman
Note:SOTTO

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law is ‘a limited authority’.
Note:CI VUOLE DI PIÙ

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a constitution founded on an appeal to the traditions of the past directly contradicted the EU’s project of developing a form of transnational authority based on respect for rules and procedures.
Note:L INTUIZIONE DI CHI NELLA EU SI OPPOKNE ALLA COST UNGHERESE

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Jürgen Habermas
Note:SOTTO

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transnational institutions tend to transform political issues into juridical ones, thereby reducing the necessity for legitimating the authority of the political.
Note:LA SPERANZA DI JH

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an alliance of enlightened technocrats and courts.
Note:IL PROGETTO

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seeking to deflate ‘demands on legitimation
Note:IL TENTATIVO

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François Foret and Annabelle Littoz-Monnet

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SOTTO

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EU, which tend to rely on the authority of the expert regulator, find it difficult to respond to values-led challenges to its legitimacy.
Note:L OSTACOLO X LA UE

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the claim to expert authority is insufficient to legitimate the EU
Note:DA QUI IL POPULISMO

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disputes about lifestyle, family life, sexual orientation, or the nature of community life are no longer confined to the domestic sphere.
Note:CULTURE WARS....IMPOSSIBILE NN TIRARE IN BALO I VALORI

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culture has become politicized
Note:NELLA UE COME OVUNQUE

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Vladamir Putin, the President of Russia, has sought to assume the posture of the global leader fighting for traditionalism and a Christian way of life.
Note:ALLEANZA INATTESA

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Vladimir Putin self-consciously cultivates the image of Russia as a moral crusader
Note:NEOCROCIATI

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‘genderless and infertile’ lifestyles
I BERSAGLI DI PUTIN