HL TUTTO Home Economics: The Consequences of Changing Family Structure (Values and Capitalism) Nick Schulz

1 ECONOMICS AND THE CRISIS OF THE FAMILY
Note:a volte riesci a dire io solo se hai una famiglia o x la tua famiglia... ciò rende chiaro xchè famiglia ed economia (la scienza dell individualismo metodologico) siano tanto legatesolidità dell unione coniugale e solidità dell unione nazionale. xchè oggi attribuiamo una differenza tanto marcata alle due cose?pochi matrimoni molti divorzitesi: la solidità familiare incide sull economia... di solito si evita l argomento x nn infilarsi nel tunnel delle guerre culturali... si liquida dicendo che si tratta di scelte xsonalies. sensibilità al rischio e nascita fuori dal matrimonio

Note | Location: 26

1@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 33

something important was often missing from the broader public discussion
Note:LA SENSAZIONE DELL ECONOMISTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 36

the increasing frequency of out-of-wedlock birth.
Note:ES DI CONSEG ECONOMICA DELLO SFALDAMENTO FAMILIARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 39

the collapse of the intact family is one of the most significant economic facts
Note:TESI

Yellow highlight | Location: 43

I will argue that they may be more important than ever.
Note:LE FAMIGLIE INTATTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 45

one built upon brawn to one built upon brains
Note:LA TEDENZA DELL ECONOMIA ODIERNA

Yellow highlight | Location: 59

I considered the debates over family structure a cultural issue distinct from economic issues. But over time this bifurcated view became untenable.
Note:CULTURA ED ECONOMIA.... DANNOSO DISTINGUERE

Yellow highlight | Location: 61

difficult to discuss depressed wages for low-skilled workers without also bringing out-of-wedlock
Note:DUE COSE LEGATE

Yellow highlight | Location: 62

challenging to talk about entrepreneur-led growth and not include the rates of entrepreneurial risk-taking among those raised in intact families
Note:ALTRO COLLEGAMENRO

Yellow highlight | Location: 65

do this without passing judgment about divorce or out-of-wedlock births.
Note:SEPARARE LA QUEST MORALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 67

exclusively in moral terms
Note:Ccccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 70

people simply want to avoid awkward talk of what are seen as primarily personal issues
Note:EVITARE DI METTERE A DISAGIO CHI DISCUTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 73

politics of race, feminism, and sexual politics.
Note:IL MISCHIONE DANNOSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 77

scientists who point out declining rates of marriage and rising rates of divorce.
Note:ACCUSATI DI RESTAURARE LA PATRIARCHIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 86

2 WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT CHANGING FAMILY STRUCTURE?
Note:quanti cittadini di oggi sono cresciuti in una solida famiglia?il matrimonio è ancora forte tra le elites ma arretra presso i meno abbienti e i meno educatimatrimoni... divorzi... nati fuori dal matrimonio

Note | Location: 87

2@@@@@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 90

fewer than 50 percent of households were made up of married couples.
Note:IL DATO DEL 2011

Yellow highlight | Location: 92

unmarried couples, childless households and single-person households are growing
Note:CRESCITA OVUNQUE

Yellow highlight | Location: 94

The Pew Research Center
Note:SOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 96

“The Decline of Marriage and Rise of New Families.”
Note:LA RICERCA PEW

Yellow highlight | Location: 102

GOING TO THE CHAPEL?
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 104

Of the total population, we see a smaller percentage of people who are married and increasing percentages of people who are divorced or who never married.
Note:TREND INEQUIVOCABILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 105

people who are getting married are doing so later
Note:IN AGGIUNTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 112

Ryan Streeter,
Note:ANALISTA...SOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 115

a huge shift in the moral understanding of the good life in America.
Note:IL MUTATO SENTIMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 127

“Marriage remains the norm for adults with a college education and good income,” according to Pew. While 64 percent of Americans with a college degree were married, of those with a high school diploma or less, only 48 percent were married.
Note:L ISTRUZIONE IMPORTA...SORPRESA

Yellow highlight | Location: 131

Charles Murray in his best-selling book Coming Apart.
Note:UN LIBRO ESPLICITO

Yellow highlight | Location: 132

marriage is still quite strong in affluent American precincts, but there has been tremendous erosion as one moves down the income and education scale.
Note:L OSSERVAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 134

While just 6 percent of children born to college-educated American mothers are born out of wedlock, the percentage for mothers with no more than a high school education is 44 percent.
Note:STESSO TREND X I FIGLI FUORI MATRIM

Yellow highlight | Location: 140

The norm in the country used to be that if a girl became pregnant before she was married, the boyfriend would marry her.
Note:UNA NORMA SOCIALE CHE È SALTATA

Yellow highlight | Location: 142

George Akerlof
Note:INTERVIENE SUL TEMA...INSISTENDO SU QUANTO SOPRA

Yellow highlight | Location: 143

“Men without Children.”
Note:IL SUO LAVORO

Yellow highlight | Location: 151

DIVORCE
Note:Ttttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 153

the divorce rate has risen significantly since World War II, with the biggest spike in divorce rates occurring in the 1970s.
Note:TREND E PICCO

Yellow highlight | Location: 154

divorce rates were unusually low in the 1950s
Note:LOW

Yellow highlight | Location: 155

Divorce rates peaked in the 1980s,
Note:IN REALTÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 156

Since then, the divorce rate has gradually declined, although it is still higher
Note:DOPO...RALLENTA SENZA TORNARE AI PRECEDENTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 158

The spike in divorce rates seems most dramatic if you consider the rate not as a percentage of the total population but instead as the rate among married people.
Note:LA COSA È PIÙ GRAVE DI QUEL CHE SI PENSI

Yellow highlight | Location: 162

Justin Wolfers and Betsey Stevenson
Note:HANNO STUDIATO IL N DI BAMBINI TOCCATI DA DIVORZIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 164

in the 1950s, the average divorce involved 0.78 children while by 1968 that number had risen to 1.34. Since that time, however, fewer children have felt the effects of divorce.
Note:W E B

Yellow highlight | Location: 166

family size is decreasing,
Note:CAUSA 1

Yellow highlight | Location: 166

divorce may be more concentrated among couples that never had children.
Note:CAUSA 2

Yellow highlight | Location: 167

increase in out-of-wedlock births.
Note:CAUSA 3

Yellow highlight | Location: 168

OUT-OF-WEDLOCK BIRTHS: A NEW NORMAL
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 169

the most dramatic changes
Note:PICCO

Yellow highlight | Location: 169

only 5 percent of children were born out of wedlock
Note:ANNO 60

Yellow highlight | Location: 170

40 percent.

Note | Location: 170

2010

Yellow highlight | Location: 171

children raised by a single parent
Note:IMPENNATA ANCHE QUI...DAL 9 Al 25

Yellow highlight | Location: 174

“It used to be called illegitimacy. Now it is the new normal.”
Note:CAMBIO DI PARADIGMA

Yellow highlight | Location: 181

Sara McLanahan
Note:SOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 182

Princeton University-Brookings Institution
Note:Ccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 182

“more than 80 percent of unmarried parents are in a romantic relationship at the time of their child's birth, and most of these parents have high hopes for a future together.”
Note:LA SITUAZ DELLA COPPIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 185

strong rhetorical support among Americans for wanting to get married
Note:EPPURE LA RETORICA RESTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 187

cohabiting couples
Note:CRESCONO E NN ISPIRANO FIDUCIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 189

more than twice as likely to dissolve than marriages.”
Note:COPPIE COABITANTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 190

Researchers at the University of Michigan
Note:SOPRA

Yellow highlight | Location: 204

WHAT IS DRIVING THE CHANGE?
Note:Ttttttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 206

greater acceptance of women in the workplace has meant women can earn an income to provide a measure of economic security
Note:UNA DELLE CAUSE

Yellow highlight | Location: 207

the change in the composition of the workforce in half a century
Note:LA VARIABILE CHIAVE

Yellow highlight | Location: 208

Scott Hankins and Mark Hoekstra
Note:RIFERIMENTO...SOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 209

positive income windfalls for women make them less likely to marry.
Note:CORELAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 217

decline in middle-class manufacturing jobs
Note:ALTRA CAUSA...I MASCHI SONO MENO SEDUCENTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 219

researchers at the University of Virginia’s National Marriage Project
Note:IL RIFERIMENTO SECONDA CAISA

Yellow highlight | Location: 227

changes in the economy cannot explain all
Note:TUTTAVIA...

Yellow highlight | Location: 230

purely economic explanations for the changes in marriage and birth patterns will get us only a little way in the face of the dramatic scope of the changes that have occurred.
Note:SHIFT VALORIALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 232

the acceptability of having sex outside of marriage.
Note:ESEMPIO DI UN VALORE SALTATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 239

There has also been a decline in religious participation over the last several decades
Note:ALTRO VALORE SALTATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 241

religions place a heavy emphasis on the importance and sanctity of marriage and family life,
Note:E RICORDIAMO COSA SIGNIFICA

Yellow highlight | Location: 243

what Mark Bauerlein has called “the separate lives of adolescence.”
Note:ALTRO FATTORE..GLI ADO VIVONO IN UN LORO MONDO

Yellow highlight | Location: 244

James Coleman and his landmark work The Adolescent Society
Note:RIFERIMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 246

they “take longer to mature, to outgrow the values of adolescence.
Note:RISULTATO @@@@@@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 256

3 THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF CHANGING FAMILY STRUCTURE

Note | Location: 256

1 finire la scuola2 lavorare3 sposarsi3 avere figli nel matrimonio@@@le xformance di chi è cresciuto in famiglie fragili: pessimein famiglia si forma il capitale umano e socialeil segreto della famiglia: unione di amore e disciplinala famiglia forma il caratterebig 5: correttezza amicizia dilazionare la gratificazione...heckman: famiglia decisiva... preschool sostitutotirney beaumeister: i geni nn sono tuttomobilità sociale e famigliamatrimonio e povertà

Note | Location: 257

3@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 261

there are many examples of children who grew up with a single parent but went on to be successful and live normal, happy lives.
Note:QUI SI PARLA IN TEEMINI STATISTICI...SIA CHIARO

Yellow highlight | Location: 262

Dysfunction in the home is not destiny.
Note:Cccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 266

broader trends show that most of the consequences of unstable home life are negative.
Note:DATO DI FATA

Yellow highlight | Location: 267

Ron Haskins and Isabel Sawhill
Note:RIFERIMENTO...SOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 269

“if young people finish high school, get a job, and get married before they have children, they have about a 2 percent chance of falling into poverty and nearly a 75 percent chance of joining the middle class by earning $50,000 or more per year.”
Note:RICETTA ANTIPOVERTÀ...L ASTICELLA NN È COSÌ ALTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 273

Sara McLanahan and Gary Sandefur
Note:SOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 273

Growing Up with a Single Parent:
Note:LA LORO OPERA

Yellow highlight | Location: 280

“growing up with a single parent is just one of many factors that put children at risk of failure.”
Note:POCHI DUBBI

Yellow highlight | Location: 282

David Ellwood and Christopher Jencks
Note:ALTRI RICERCATORI

Yellow highlight | Location: 282

the most troubling feature of family change has been the spread of single motherhood.
Note:LA SUA CONX

Yellow highlight | Location: 290

HUMAN AND SOCIAL CAPITAL
Note:Tttttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 291

what Nobel Prize–winning economist Gary Becker called “human capital” and what social scientist James Coleman called “social capital.”
Note:IL CONCETTO CHIAVE X CAPIRE I PROB DI QS BAMBINI

Yellow highlight | Location: 294

knowledge, education, habits, willpower—all the internal stuff that is largely intangible—a person has that helps produce an income.
Note:DEFINIZ

Yellow highlight | Location: 297

Much crucial human capital is developed when people are young and throughout their adolescence.
Note:QUANDO SI FORMA

Yellow highlight | Location: 305

it can be just as important as financial capital in promoting children’s future success”
Note:L IMPORTANZA DEL CAPITALE UMANO

Yellow highlight | Location: 311

The family is among the most important institutions for developing human and social capital.
Note:TESI

Yellow highlight | Location: 311

Christopher Lasch
Note:COME LA FAMGLIA GENERA HC

Yellow highlight | Location: 313

the family reproduces cultural patterns in the individual.
Note:Ccccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 318

“The union of love and discipline in the same persons, mother and father, creates a highly charged environment in which the child learns lessons
Note:LA LEZIONE DELLA FAMIGLIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 321

Parents first embody love and power,

Note | Location: 321

NELLE PAROLE DI LASCH

Yellow highlight | Location: 328

Human and social capital—including a person’s character, which is shaped by the family—constitutes a crucial part of the skill
Note:CARATTERE

Yellow highlight | Location: 330

THE IMPORTANCE OF NONCOGNITIVE SKILLS
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 331

IQ, innate faculties, and accumulated learning from schooling and other sources of knowledge.
Note:COGNITIVE SKILL

Yellow highlight | Location: 332

James Heckman
Note:L ESPERTO DELL IMPORTANZA DELLE NS

Yellow highlight | Location: 335

noncognitive (or personality)
Note:DEF

Yellow highlight | Location: 336

these skills include the ability to read and write well or to solve math and logic problems.
Note:COGNITIVE

Yellow highlight | Location: 340

ability to play fairly with others, to delay gratification, to control emotions, to develop and maintain networks of friends and acquaintances,
Note:NC

Yellow highlight | Location: 343

Many jobs in a modern economy rely heavily on noncognitive social skills.
Note:OGGI

Yellow highlight | Location: 346

“Families are major producers of skills,” Heckman says.
Note:OPINIONE AUTOREVOLE

Yellow highlight | Location: 346

They do much more than pass along their genes. Inequality in skills and schools is strongly linked to inequality in family environments.
Note:JH

Yellow highlight | Location: 352

If a child is not motivated to learn and engage early on in life, the more likely it is that when the child becomes an adult, he or she will fail in social and economic life”
Note:JH...LA MOTIVAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 354

self-control, are not entirely genetic, inborn, or innate.
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 355

In their book Willpower, the cognitive psychologist Roy Baumeister and science writer John Tierney note an interesting finding relevant to this discussion.
Note:UN BUON TRATTATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 361

little doubt that genes play a role in a child’s self-control, several studies that control for genetics still show a difference.
Note:IL MESAGGIO DI WILLPOWER

Yellow highlight | Location: 362

ECONOMIC MOBILITY
Note:Tttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 363

the ability to move up the rungs of the economic ladder
Note:MOBILITÀ SOCIALE...LA FAMIGLIA CONTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 363

Thomas DeLeire and Leonard Lopoo of the Economic Mobility Project
Note:RIFERIMENTO SOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 367

“it is not true that parents’ income alone enables children to succeed.”
Note:LA LORO CONCLUSIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 369

parenting style, parental aspirations, and the neighborhoods
Note:COSA PESA

Yellow highlight | Location: 370

the structure of the family in which a child grows up
Note:MA SOPRATTUTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 372

Divorce is particularly harmful for children’s mobility.”
Note:IN PARTICOLARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 376

“as the country shifts away from marriage, a smaller proportion of adults are experiencing the economic gains
Note:UNA STRANA COINCIDENZA...PEW RESEARCH

Yellow highlight | Location: 385

THE FAMILY AND THE POOR
Note:Ttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 386

Nicholas Kristof
Note:UNO SCETTICO CHE SI È CONVONTO DELL IMPORTANZA DELLA FAMGLIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 387

“Liberals sometimes feel that it is narrow-minded to favor traditional marriage.
Note:UN PREGIUDIZIO DA CUI SI SONO RISVEGLIATI IN MOLTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 388

Solid marriages have a huge beneficial impact on the lives of the poor
Note:MARRIAGE PREMIUM

Yellow highlight | Location: 399

4 THE LONG SHADOW OF THE MOYNIHAN REPORT
Note:monyhan: il problema è la famiglia... lui parlava dei negriscoperta: + occupazione ma anche + ricorso al welfare... xchè?nemici della diaagnosi: femministe... si accusano le libertà femminilicivil right: ci si distrae dal problema di fondoil problema: tolleranza e librrtà xsonale sono valori irrinunciabili ma che aggravano la situazione della famiglia

Note | Location: 400

4@@@@@@@@@@@@@XCHÈ IL PROBLEMA È STATO SILENZIATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 400

“The fundamental problem . . . is that of family structure.” —Daniel Patrick Moynihan, 1965
Note:IL PROBLEMA CHAVE

Yellow highlight | Location: 421

Moynihan eventually produced a paper analyzing the problems of American inner-city black life. The Negro Family: The Case for National Action was later dubbed The Moynihan Report.
Note:UNA RIVOLUZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 426

While rates of unemployment were dropping in the 1960s, welfare rates were increasing.
Note:I TREND...LA FORBICE DI MOY

Yellow highlight | Location: 433

“The evidence—not final, but powerfully persuasive—is that the Negro family in the urban ghettos is crumbling,”
Note:LA CAUSA

Yellow highlight | Location: 441

“Nearly a quarter of Negro women living in cities who have ever married are divorced, separated, or are living apart
Note:1/4

Yellow highlight | Location: 452

The report generated a firestorm of controversy, especially after the Watts riots in late summer 1965.
Note:REAZIINE

Yellow highlight | Location: 453

Moynihan was eventually accused by some of blaming the victim.
Note:L ACCUSA

Yellow highlight | Location: 460

Historian Steven F. Hayward points out that the Moynihan Report was swept into two powerful political currents gathering force in American politics at the time: feminism and the civil rights
Note:I NEMCI DI MY

Yellow highlight | Location: 462

reluctant to embrace the idea that a rise of single-mother households was a problem
Note:FEMMINISYE

Yellow highlight | Location: 463

perceived Moynihan’s emphasis on problems in black family life as wrong-headed.
Note:MOVIMENTO DIRITTI CIVILI

Yellow highlight | Location: 466

the radical rejection of Moynihan along with the rejection of traditional understandings of the family.”
Note:ESITO SOTTO L PRESIDENZA JOHNSON

Yellow highlight | Location: 467

What’s wrong with single-parent families anyway? Andrew Young, whom Martin Luther King tapped as his representative to the White House
Note:LA DOMANDA PROGRESSISTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 476

FROM THE NEGRO FAMILY TO ALL FAMILIES
Note:Tttttttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 477

the longer-term trends that have occurred over the last half century, not just in black communities but in the rest of America.
Note:L IMPORTANZA DI MOY

Yellow highlight | Location: 487

The role of the family in shaping character and ability is so pervasive as to be easily overlooked. The family is the basic social unit of American life;
Note:L IDEA DI MOY

Yellow highlight | Location: 493

PROGRESS IS SELDOM A FREE LUNCH
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 494

Patterson’s excellent book Freedom Is Not Enough recalls the conference.

Note | Location: 495

2002 UNA CONFERENZA A CUI VENNE INVITATO MOY

Yellow highlight | Location: 495

the changes Moynihan documented in 1965 were now widespread across the developed world.
Note:COSA NOTARONO TUTTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 498

while Scandinavian countries had much higher rates of out-of-wedlock births than the United States, they had far higher percentages of unmarried parents staying together to raise their children.
Note:QUALCHE DIFFERENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 502

Christopher Jencks
Note:IDEA PROVOCATORIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 503

widespread cultural acceptance of two ideals: ‘tolerance’ and ‘personal freedom.’
Note:CAUSA PRINCIPALE DELLA DISGREGAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 505

progress is seldom a free lunch.”71
Note:LA SUA CONCLUSIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 506

THE UNIMAGINABLE HAPPENED
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 515

Many of the issues his report highlighted—a decline in marriage, rising illegitimacy rates, and so on—moved into the country’s emerging culture-war politics.
Note:IL REPORT DI MOY FINI NEL CAOS DELLE GUERRE CULTURALI

Yellow highlight | Location: 520

5 WHAT TO DO AND THE LIMITS OF POLICY
Note:le scienze sociali ci dicono cosa nn fareheckman: agire sulla prima infanzia dei bimbi disagiatilimiti dei risultati di heck: campione invasività fadeout... non sopravvalutiamo: un po meno male è sempre molto maletassare il divorzio o dilatarloaccesso anticoncezionalilavoro facilefavori fiscali alla famiglia... occorrono ricerchetroppi fattori x sperare nelle policy.. cultura psicologia storia personalità combinazioni

Note | Location: 521

5@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 526

“okay, what do we do now?”
Note:LA DOMANDA

Yellow highlight | Location: 531

social sciences instead teach us what is not working.”
Note:IL RUOLO DELLE SCIENZE SOCIALI...NN TANTO FORNIRE SOLUZIONI

Yellow highlight | Location: 539

INTERVENTIONS
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 543

James Heckman,
Note:SOTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 545

“large investments in early childhood education from birth to age five.”
Note:SOLUZIONE H

Yellow highlight | Location: 550

One influential study involves the HighScope Perry Preschool project,
Note:UNO STUDIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 575

While there is evidence that early-stage intervention programs yield positive results, we should not overstate the benefits.
Note:PRUDENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 577

the average additional schooling was less than one year
Note:UN PO POCHINO X I BIMBI TRATTATI

Yellow highlight | Location: 578

While there was a big effect on teen pregnancy, those who were part of the program still had out-of-wedlock birth rates well over 50 percent.
Note:BENE E MALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 585

phenomenon social scientists call fadeout.
Note:PERICOLO X L EARLY INTERVENTION

Yellow highlight | Location: 593

Jim Manzi,
Note:SOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 594

“those rare programs that do work usually lead to improvements that are quite modest, compared to the size of the problems they are meant to address or the dreams of the advocates.”
Note:UN CERTO SCETTICISMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 596

interventions Heckman and others are talking about are invasive.
Note:ALTRO DIFETTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 597

“serious interventions require us to trespass onto the most intimate precincts of life:
Note:WILSON GIÀ METTEVA SULL AVVISO

Yellow highlight | Location: 599

The best and strongest “intervention” a child can receive from the crucial ages of birth to five will come from attentive, loving, biological parents. If that is absent, there may be significant limits to what public policy can achieve and we should not pretend otherwise.
Note:UNA COSA SEMBRA CERTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 601

STRENGTHENING INTACT FAMILIES

Yellow highlight | Location: 604

one idea is to tax divorce.
Note:R.RENO

Yellow highlight | Location: 606

Joseph Epstein notes that the Prophet Mohammed once described divorce as “the most detestable of all permitted things.”
Note:UNA BUONA DEFINIZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 608

People make many choices that impose costs on others, and one policy approach to address those costs is to tax those activities. As a result we put taxes on smoking and drinking
Note:GIUSTIFICAZIONE DELLA TASSAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 612

Another idea is to use policy to delay divorce.
Note:ALTRA IDEA

Yellow highlight | Location: 613

Leah Ward Sears and William J. Doherty,
Note:SOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 613

about 40 percent of US couples already well into the divorce process say that one or both of them are interested in the possibility of reconciliation.”
Note:SI TORNA INDIETRO

Yellow highlight | Location: 620

it would likely take public leadership and persuasion of a kind and degree unlikely to appear soon to change laws to make divorcing much more difficult.
Note:DIFFICOLTÀ POLITICHE

Yellow highlight | Location: 622

greater access to pregnancy control technologies?
Note:PROPOSTA X LE NASCITE FUORI

Yellow highlight | Location: 622

Sara McLanahan

Yellow highlight | Location: 627

Barely half of highly educated single, sexually active, young Americans use birth control all the time, despite widespread family-planning education and availability of birth-control technology.
Note:GIÀ TUTTO FACILMENTE ACCESSIBOLE...MA

Yellow highlight | Location: 633

education and preparation programs that might help strengthen marriages
Note:ALTRA PROPOSTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 638

David Ellwood and Christopher Jencks have argued that “increasing opportunities for less skilled men seems to be an unambiguously positive step.”
Note:UN MODO X AIUTARE LA SEDUZIONE MASCHILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 640

finding work opportunities for low-skilled workers would help make men more marriageable.
Note:CONCETTO RIPETUTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 644

we should be skeptical of making large gains, given that many less-skilled men today are themselves products of broken or fragile families. As such they are lacking much of the human and social capital that makes them employable
Note:SCETTICISMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 648

Ellwood and Jencks also say that “supports for existing two parent families would seem to reduce their vulnerability.”
Note:AIUTI ECONOMICI

Yellow highlight | Location: 650

family-friendly tax policies,
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 651

It is another area worthy of study and experimentation.
Note:ANCORA TUTTO APERTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 652

THE LIMITS OF POLICY
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 654

“The Limits of Policy,” New York Times writer David Brooks
Note:NN CONTIAMO TROPPO SULLA POLITICA

Yellow highlight | Location: 655

“influence of politics and policy is usually swamped by the influence of culture, ethnicity, psychology and a dozen other factors.”
Note:LA CULTURA CONTA DI PIÙ

Yellow highlight | Location: 660

All we can say for sure is that different psychological, cultural, and social factors combine in myriad ways to produce different viewpoints. As a result of these different viewpoints, the average behavior is different between different ethnic and geographic groups, leading to different life outcomes.
Note:TUTTO TROPPO COMPLICATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 663

Some social changes are like a tube of toothpaste.
Note:CONCLUSIONE AMARA

Yellow highlight | Location: 668

6 HUMAN CAPITAL, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND CHARACTER
Note:buon carattere: empatia e autocontrollo

Note | Location: 668

6@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 672

How might the government of a free society reshape the core values of its people and still leave them free? —James Q. Wilson
Note:DOMANDA DA 1MLN DI DOLLARI

Yellow highlight | Location: 683

I pointed out that the role of soft capital—human and social capital and character—in
Note:RIASSUNTINO 1

Yellow highlight | Location: 685

one of the chief mechanisms for inculcating that soft capital, the family, has weakened
Note:Cccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 686

THINKING ABOUT CHARACTER
Note:Ttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 689

James Q. Wilson
Note:SOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 689

To have good character means at least two things: empathy and self-control.
Note:I DUE PILASTRI

Yellow highlight | Location: 710

parents teach children to regulate their immediate impulses for the benefit of more distant rewards. We see this when parents insist a child do his homework or practice piano instead of watching television, run with a well-behaved crowd as opposed to a more exciting but troublesome group of peers,
Note:RUOLO FAMIGLIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 716

The family “profoundly shapes [a child’s] character,” Lasch tells us.102 Today we are seeing some of what can happen to character formation when a critical character-forming institution falls apart over the course of five decades.
Note:LASCH

Yellow highlight | Location: 718

FAMILY AT THE CENTER
Note:Tttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 735

Elites were at one time silent about the harms of smoking or actively promoted it. Today the attitude of elites is much different; many of them rail against smoking with great vigor
Note:IL RUOLO DELLE ELITE

Yellow highlight | Location: 736

The point is simply that we need not be fatalistic in the face of large and dramatic changes in family structure.
Note:FATALISMO E GENETICA

Yellow highlight | Location: 737

smoking was accepted unquestioningly for a long period did not mean it would remain so forever.
Note:UN ESEMPIO CHE INCORAGGIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 801

Ron Haskins and Isabel Sawhill, Creating an Opportunity Society (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2009).
NOTA FACEBOOK