sabato 15 settembre 2018

5. Toward a Beautiful and Liberal Future

5. Toward a Beautiful and Liberal Future
Note:consigli di policyla bellezza va scoperta o va conservata?proviamo a farci la stessa domanda pensando alla verità scientifica.se va scoperta meglio aprire molte fonti e decentralizzare il processoil sussidio cpn agevolazione fiscale è un buon compromrsdo tra purismo critico e purismo economicole decisioni culturali + importanti: internet copyright.il sussidio funziona quando il panorama è opaco e il divario tra èlites e massa è chiaro. oggi qs condizioni nn ci sono concentrare i sussidi dirrtti: si evita la polverizzazione e si responsabilizza l'entesussidiare anche i for profit se meritevolisussidi e innovazoone? affidati alla discrezionalità di un singolo responsabilela trasparenza nn giova ai funzoonari delle belle arti devono agire in modo indipendente librri da pressioni in uns privacy garantita... la trasparenza fa temere i passi falsi e i passi falsi sono necessari nel processo di scoperta

Note | Page: 133
5@@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Page: 133
1. The best arts policy stimulates creative discovery
Note:UN OBBIETTIVO SENSATO

Yellow highlight | Page: 133
This implies a strong economy, numerous and diverse sources of decentralized funding
Note:COSA OCCORRE

Yellow highlight | Page: 133
U.S. policy should not be designed to target any narrow notion of art.
Note:COSA EVITARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 133
policy successes are accidents.
Note:MOLTO SPESSO

Yellow highlight | Page: 133
The American system of indirect funding
Note:NN SODDISFA NÈ L ESTETA NÈ L ECONOMISTA MA INTERMEDIA BENE

Yellow highlight | Page: 133
Americans should reject the image of their country or their government as lacking in concern for the arts.
Note:EPPURE C È SEMPRE L ILLUSIONE DEL PRESTIGIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 134
copyright, the Internet, and telecommunications.
Note:I SETTORI CHE RICHIEDONO DECISIONI INPORTANTI

Yellow highlight | Page: 134
a system of compulsory licensing fees, for online music, can improve market competition.
Note:LO STRUMENTO CONSIGLIATO..IN ATTESA DI SVILUPPI..LICENZE A SOPIFY E VITA DURA X IL DOWNLOAD SU YT

Yellow highlight | Page: 134
Direct subsidies have worked best when accountability is absent, when the marketplace is failing to spot many of the best artists,
Note:QUANDO RICORRERE AL DIRETTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 134
we could restore the full ability of the NEA to make grants to individual artists. Currently NEA funds often go to large and well-established art institutions, where they have less of a chance of making a difference.
Note:COME MIGLIORARE IL SUSSIDIO DIRETTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 135
The NEA should be trying to fund projects that otherwise would perish or never come about in the first place. The NEA should be more like a venture capitalist.
Note:LE BELLE ARTI AMERICANE

Yellow highlight | Page: 135
NEA should be free to assist for-profit artistic enterprises.
Note:Ccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 135
Finally, we could relax peer review for many direct subsidies.
Note:SE LA MISSIONE È L INNOVAZIONE IL CONSENSO DI GRUPPO È CONTROPRODUCENTE

Yellow highlight | Page: 135
If these changes should prove politically impossible, it would be best to “play it safe”
Note:SOLUZIONE ALTERNATIVA...PRESERVARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 135
This would suggest a concentration of effort on preserving and showcasing the artistic heritage of mankind.
Note:CCCCCCCCCC

Yellow highlight | Page: 135
The value of “accountability” is often counterproductive when applied to direct subsidies for art.
Note:BUROCRAZIA E ARTE NN FUNZIONANO

Yellow highlight | Page: 136
For instance, tenured college professors are not (usually) accountable to university administrators for the content of their ideas.
Note:ESEMPIO DI INCOMPATIBILITÀ

Yellow highlight | Page: 136
an ethic of academic freedom will best
Note:Ccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 136
Supreme Court justices are not accountable for the content of their decisions,
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 136
direct subsidies stand the greatest chance of making a positive difference when they are insulated from many pressures of accountability.
Note:ALLO STESSO MODO....

Yellow highlight | Page: 136
there are many failures for every success. Too much direct accountability causes the funder to be excessively afraid of failure.
Note:TIPICA SITUAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 136
greater transparency of government policy is not in every way desirable. It may be better not to have too much explicit debate over arts policy, especially if that debate takes place in a centralized forum.
Note:POCO DIBATTITO X NN IMPARIRE CHI DEVE RISCHIARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 137
Which Arguments for Subsidies Remain on the Table?
Note:Tttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 137
decentralization and prestige
Note:ARGOMENTI X I SUSSIDI POSTULATI IN PARTENZA

Yellow highlight | Page: 137
The decentralization argument suggested that the government encourage a diversity of funding sources for art.
Note:RIPETIAMO IL PRIMO ARGOMENTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 137
avoiding excess politicization.
Note:UM LATO POSITIVO DELLA DECENTRALIZZAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 137
the decentralization argument for indirect subsidies avoids or at least deflects many of the critiques of government involvement in the arts.
Note:ALTRO LATO POSITIVO

Yellow highlight | Page: 137
indirect subsidies bring only a minimum of outside government interference.
Note:ALTRO VANTAGGIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 137
The libertarian critique claims that individuals should not be forced to pay for arts they do not approve of.
Note:SUSSIDIO IND AMMORTIZZA LA CRITICA LIBERTARIA....PERCHÈ UN CATTOLICO DEVE FINANZIARE MAPPLETHORPE?

Yellow highlight | Page: 138
government policies that promote prosperity also boost the arts,
Note:IL SUSSIDIO LIBERTARIO X ECCELLENZA È DI TIPO INDORETTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 138
if desired, the libertarian view could be superimposed on the policy recommendations of this book,
Note:COMPATIBILITÀ

Yellow highlight | Page: 138
Finally, the decentralization argument has the greatest chance of standing up to the “What about the Haitians?” critique.
Note:ALTRO ELEMENTO POSITIVO

Yellow highlight | Page: 138
Why should we prefer more opera performances to this lifesaving alternative?
Note:LA DOMANDA DEL CRISTIANO

Yellow highlight | Page: 139
At the margin we still have the choice of redirecting funds away from nonprofits and toward poor Haitians. The overall comparison, however, has changed. The comparison is no longer “opera performance versus food for Haitians.”
Note:UN CFR MENO TRAUMATICO

Yellow highlight | Page: 139
We see also that wealthy, decentralized societies are in the best position to digest and assist immigrants. Immigration is the most effective antipoverty program. The migrants not only enjoy higher standards of living; they send billions of dollars back home in the form of remittances. The scientific discoveries of wealthy, decentralized societies also redound to the benefit of poorer regions of the world.
Note:ARGOMENTO PIÙ GENERALE X CONIUGARE DECENTRALIZZAZIONE E POVERTÁ

Yellow highlight | Page: 139
What Aesthetic Claims Underlie the Decentralization Argument, or What Is Art?
Note:Ttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 139
The decentralization argument sidesteps many difficult and perhaps unresolvable questions about aesthetics.
Note:IL VANTAGGIO FORSE PRINCIPALE DEI SUSSIDI INDIRETTI....NESSUNO GIUDICA

Yellow highlight | Page: 139
the decentralization argument does not require an explicit account of why the arts are special.
Note:L OSTACOLO SLTATO

Yellow highlight | Page: 140
Direct subsidies cannot handle these questions with equal finesse.
Note:PARAGONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 140
When the NEA was created in 1965, one conservative representative, H. R. Gross of Iowa, offered an amendment
Note:LA PROVOCAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 140
expanded the definition of art to include belly dancing, baseball, football, golf, tennis, squash, pinochle, and poker.
Note:IERI UNA PROVOCAZIONE...OGGI

Yellow highlight | Page: 140
Clothes, at least in their fine form, are arguably a form of art.
Note:INFATTI

Yellow highlight | Page: 140
The Metropolitan Museum of Art has shown Versace dresses and Cartier jewlery,
Note:Cccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 140
Furthermore, attractive clothes yield external benefits for individuals other than the wearer.
Note:AVANTI CON L ANALOGIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 140
Nonetheless it is rarely argued that the government should subsidize the sale of attractive clothes.
Note:MISTERO

Yellow highlight | Page: 141
The question remains why “culture” should receive different policy treatment than clothing.
Note:RIPETIZIONE DEL MISTEEO

Yellow highlight | Page: 141
Similarly, the government might subsidize personal looks. The government could provide direct or indirect assistance to the producers of skin creams, plastic surgery, Rogaine, and personal deodorant.
Note:ALTRE PROVOCAZIONI

Yellow highlight | Page: 141
Sports are, first and foremost, a form of drama.
Note:ANCORA

Yellow highlight | Page: 141
Governments do, of course, support sports through stadium subsidies at the state and local levels. But the primary argument for these subsidies is economic in nature, to stimulate community development.
Note:SUSSIDI ALLO SPORT

Yellow highlight | Page: 141
It is commonly said that institutions such as the NEA bring the arts to democracy, but direct subsidy partisans are less keen to bring democracy to the arts.
Note:LA DEMOCRAZIA A SENSO UNICO

Yellow highlight | Page: 142
When it comes to dreaming, it may be said that every individual is an artist. Dreams tell stories, involve metaphor and allegory, and are often quite beautiful.
Note:SIAMO TUTTI ARTISTI

Yellow highlight | Page: 142
Of course only a single individual is allowed in the theater
Note:IRRILEVANTE

Yellow highlight | Page: 142
A variety of harmless drugs stimulate dreaming or stimulate the ability to remember one’s dreams.
Note:SUSSIDI ALLA DROGA?

Yellow highlight | Page: 142
along the lines of a Marxian or Trotskyite fantasy,
Note:L UTOPIA REALIZZATA GRAZIE AI SOGNI

Yellow highlight | Page: 142
We might go further and postulate that sex is akin to art. It has drama, beauty, and enriches our lives.
Note:ALTRO CASO

Yellow highlight | Page: 142
“A pretty girl naked is worth all the statues in the world.”
Note:G HARDING

Yellow highlight | Page: 142
And what about toys?
Note:ALTRO CASO

Yellow highlight | Page: 142
Most young children are deeply concerned with matters aesthetic. They are fascinated by colors, shapes, sounds, and textures. Most of all, they love toys.
Note:UN PUBBLICO PARTICOLARE

Yellow highlight | Page: 142
Yet it is rarely suggested that the government subsidize the purchase, production, or invention of toys.
Note:Ccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 143
For whatever reason, the aesthetic behind toys simply does not count as an argument for toy subsidy.
Note:Cccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 143
Jean Dubuffet perhaps went furthest in challenging the dividing line between traditional forms of high art and the aesthetic experiences of everyday life.
Note:CHI SI È SPINTO PIÙ IN LÀ

Yellow highlight | Page: 143
The construction of artistic aura places art in the hands of academicians and prestige seekers, where Dubuffet believed it does not belong.7
Note:L AURA COME NEMICO

Yellow highlight | Page: 143
The decentralization argument does not require such a strong skepticism about aesthetic hierarchies; nonetheless Dubuffet’s position yields a further boost to the case for the primacy of indirect subsidies.
Note:IL SUSSIDIO INDIRETTO SODDISFA ANCHE LO SCETTICO

Yellow highlight | Page: 143
take seriously the questions of why we do not subsidize toys, dreams, sports, sex, and clothes, among other manifestations of the aesthetic, rather than just subsidizing high art.
Note:Cccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 144
The Prestige Argument
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 144
The decentralization argument has suggested the primacy of indirect subsidies over direct subsidies.
Note:CONCLUSIONE

Yellow highlight | Page: 144
prestige argument might overturn this conclusion,
Note:DOMANDA?

Yellow highlight | Page: 144
First, many individuals, especially in the United States, enjoy living under a regime where government does not provide much direct support to the arts.
Note:DOVE STA IL PRESTIGIO?

Yellow highlight | Page: 144
Polls on this issue indicate mixed results.
Note:SONDAGGIO

Yellow highlight | Page: 144
Second, and more conceptually, societies may overinvest in prestige and auras.
Note:ALTRO MOTIVO CONTRO

Yellow highlight | Page: 144
individuals spend too much time and energy investing in relative status.
Note:VEDI IL LAVORO DI ROBERT FRANK

Yellow highlight | Page: 145
Elites may use the aura of high art to exclude outsiders and to reinforce social distinctions.
Note:CON IL PRESTIGIO...I PROLETARI FINANZIANO L ELITE...VEDI OPERA

Yellow highlight | Page: 145
In other contexts we argue whether we should tax such behavior, not whether we should subsidize it. We
Note:LE CONCLUSIONI DI FRANK

Yellow highlight | Page: 146
Arts policy would bring less prestige if it were viewed explicitly in prestige-producing terms. It is not very prestigious to seek prestige.
Note:NOTA L IRONIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 146
Agreeing to Disagree?
Note:Ttttttt POICHÈ IL DIBATTITO È IMPOSSIBILE SERVE AUTOINGANNARSI E UNA POLICY DI SUSSIDI INDIRETTI SERVE ALLA BISOGNA

Yellow highlight | Page: 146
the initial question of why it is so hard to find agreement about arts policy. That is, why do people not recognize their own fallibility
Note:TORNIAMO A BOMBA

Yellow highlight | Page: 146
meta-rationality
Note:XCHÈ NN ANDIAMO D ACCORDO?

Yellow highlight | Page: 146
Arts policy is not just about matters of fact. Arts policy is also about the aesthetic. It is about what kind of state we find beautiful or appealing.
Note:L OGGETTO DELLA DISPUTA PESA

Yellow highlight | Page: 146
Meta-rationality does not apply to matters of taste.
Note:GUSTI

Yellow highlight | Page: 146
if somebody tells me I like ketchup when I do not, I will not listen,
Note:IL GUSTO....NN È SCIENZA

Yellow highlight | Page: 147
If I prefer the Beatles and you prefer The Rolling Stones, how should we proceed?
Note:DILEMMA

Yellow highlight | Page: 147
In part we hold political views, and adhere to an aesthetic of the state, to feel good about ourselves and about our identifications.
Note:È UNA QUESTIONE POLITICA PIÙ CHE RAZIONALE

Yellow highlight | Page: 147
We want to feel pride in our loyalties.
Note:Cccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 147
People typically do not wish to put their sources of pride up for rational debate.
Note:Ccccccc

Yellow highlight | Page: 147
Our need for aura and prestige makes us more likely to shut out critics.
Note:DALLA PADELLA NELLA BRACE

Yellow highlight | Page: 147
“feel good about the elevating powers of art”
Note:AURA A SINISTRA

Yellow highlight | Page: 147
“patriotism and virtue”
Note:AURA A DESTRA

Yellow highlight | Page: 147
Defenders of each aesthetic instinctively sense the fragility of that mystery
Note:GIÀ DIBATERE È UNA BESTEMMIA

Yellow highlight | Page: 147
So instead of listening, each side reinterprets the debate in a way to feel better about its own point of view.
Note:QUEL CHE SUCCEDE

Yellow highlight | Page: 148
Arguments for decentralization and indirect subsidies may, of course, be based on illusion and self-deception as well.
Note:ALTRA UTILITÀ DEL DECENTRAMENTO

Yellow highlight | Page: 148
Arts and the Liberal Order: What Is Culturally Central?
Note:Tttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 150
values as culturally central
Note:QUALI VALORI DOVREBBE ENFATIZZARE UNA CIVILTÀ LIBERALE?

Yellow highlight | Page: 150
Innovation
Note:1

Yellow highlight | Page: 150
Entrepreneurship
Note:2

Yellow highlight | Page: 150
Charity and Generosity
Note:3

Yellow highlight | Page: 151
Poetry and Philosophy Revisited
Note:Ttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Page: 151
the “longstanding quarrel between philosophy and poetry,” as Plato called it?
Note:OGGI COME SIAMO MESSI? L ARTE CI FA BENE O MALE?

Yellow highlight | Page: 151
here poetry comes under the scrutiny of philosophy.
Note:GIÀ SOLO IL FATTO CHE HO SCRITTO UN SAGGIO...

Yellow highlight | Page: 152
Economics—in this context another form of philosophy—was added to the mix to weaken the arguments for investment in the aesthetic at all costs.
Note:IN PIÙ METTIAMOCI ANCHE L ECONOMIA...

Yellow highlight | Page: 152
Poetry (i.e., the arts) is in fact rarely discussed directly in this book. Instead I discuss why some philosophies about poetry should shape arts policy
Note:MA SE ANDIAMO PIÚ A FONDO...

Yellow highlight | Page: 152
In a decentralized system, much of the aesthetic will be furtive and hidden to many outside observers, rather than obvious.
Note:UN SISTEMA CHE EVITA LA LITE INFINITA...UN SISTEMA CHE RICOMPRENDE ANCHE CONCEZIONI COME QUELLA DI DUBUFFET

Yellow highlight | Page: 152
“True art always appears where we don’t expect it, where nobody thinks of it or utters its name. Art detests being recognized and greeted by its own name. It immediately flees. Art is a character infatuated by the incognito.”
Note:DUBUFFET...L ARTE AMA L INCOGNITO

Yellow highlight | Page: 152
Rather than subordinating poetry to philosophy, at most I have subordinated the public conception of art to philosophy.
CONCLUSIONE TORNANDO A BOMBA....LA TESI X IL SUSSIDIO INDIRETTO È IN FONDO ANCHE UNA TESI ESTETICA: LA VERA ARTE È INCOGNITA E VA SCOPERTA