3 Economic Objections to Open Borders HL

3 Economic Objections to Open Borders

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The deadweight loss from labor mobility restrictions are on the order of $20 to $60 trillion a year,
Note:L ARGOMENTO ECONOMICO

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Protecting Domestic Wages
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allowing foreigners to come would depress domestic wages.
Note:ARGOMENTO MOLTO POPOLARE

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some people lose.
Note:VERO

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The key issue in this argument is whether immigrating workers are substitutes or complements for existing domestic workers.
Note:SOSTITUTI O COMPLEMENTI?

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they are in fact likely to increase domestic workers’ wages.
Note:SE SONO COMPLEMENTARI....PRENDI LE BADANTI CHE ALLEVIANO LE FATICHE DOMESTICHE DELLE DONNE LAVORATRICI

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When economists study this issue, however, their findings generally do not offer much support for the objection.
Note:EVIDENZA EMPIRICA

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some, typically the least educated, will see their wages decrease.
Note:I PENALIZZATI

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effects are temporary.
Note:INOLTRE

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Rachel Friedberg and Jennifer Hunt
Note:DUE AUTOROTÀ IN MAYERIA

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domestic workers—particularly low-skilled workers—might see their wages fall somewhat in the short term.
Note:I MINACCIATI

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George and Jorge Jason pays George to mow his lawn. One day, Jorge calls Jason and tells him he’d mow his lawn for less money. Jason is happy about this and tells Jorge it’s a deal. He thanks George for his services, and informs him he’ll use Jorge from here on. George is angry, thinking that Jorge “steals” his job, and tells Donald about the incident. Donald posts armed guards around Jason’s neighborhood, and forces Jorge to go home.
Note:STORIELLA. SPIACE X GEORGE MA NN HA DIRITTI REALI DA ACCAMPARE

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The Welfare State
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Another major argument against open borders is that it would bankrupt modern welfare states.
Note:ALTRO ARGOMENTO

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the net impact of immigrants ranges from positive to almost zero.
Note:VERO IN TEORIA MA FALSO IN PRATICA

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the receiving countries should expect a larger tax base and an increased ability to pay for welfare

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SE L IMMIGRAZIONE AUMENTA LA RICCJEZZA CREATA

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If modern welfare states really cannot afford to give immigrants welfare benefits, that does not mean they should keep them out. After all, immigration would still benefit
Note:SOLUZIONE IN CASI ESTREMI

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A better option would be to let them immigrate, but deny them welfare benefits.
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walls around the welfare state, not walls around the country.
Note:SOLUZIONE MIGLIORE

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Illiberal Immigration
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perhaps the most important barrier to making immigration work is the successful integration of new people into existing societies.
Note:IL PROBLEMA DELLA CONVERSIONE

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many in Europe are concerned about the integration (or lack thereof) of Muslim
Note:ESEMPIO

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“Muslims make up 50% of the population in many French jails, and up to 80% in certain prisons near the banlieues.”
Note:STATISTICHE PREOCCUPANTI

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something inherent in Islam,
Note:XCHÈ LE COSE VANNO MALE?…L IPOTESI DI MOLTI

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immigrants bring along their cultures,11 ones that lack support for the rule of law, democracy, and freedom.
Note:LA TESI DI MOLTI....SI AGGIUNGA UN DEYERIORAMENTO DEL SOCIAL TRUST

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Paul Collier.
Note:UN RAPPRESENTANTE DI QS POSIZIONE

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Collier worries about the effects of immigration on those institutions
Note:L IMMIGRATO È UNA ROSORSA SE SI SOTTOPONE A CERTE ISTITFUZIONI

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immigrants live in enclave-like communities,
Note:IL MULTICULTI

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When people from bad countries move to good countries, they infuse good countries with bad cultures.
Note:L ARGOMENTO IN SINTESI

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it presumes a different view from what we have called the institutionalist approach.
Note:L ARGOMENTO SI DISCOSTA EDA QUELO ECONOMICO

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A number of studies find that the most important determinant of a country’s economic growth is, in fact, the ancestry of its population.
Note:E HA DELLE FRECCE AL PROPRIO ARC

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the quality of institutions is itself a product of the quality of the people and their cultures.
Note:GLEASER...EASTERLY...E MOLTI ALTRI: PRIMA LA CULTURA...SUPPORTATA LA COLLIER VIEW

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Even though the people from B face a net loss of $20,000 a year (a great loss), A’s immigrants experience a $29,000 increase (an even greater gain).
Note:ESEMPIO CON B GOOD CULTURE E A BAD CULTURE. MIGRAZIONE DA A A B

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Stating that people from B would face a loss if it lacked that right does not settle the matter. After all, people from A would face a gain.
Note:B HA DIRITTO DI CHIUDERSI?...ESISYE PUR SEMPRE UN MGLIORAMENTO COMPLESSIVO

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Collier’s argument, which purports to show that B might lose, thus remains incomplete.
Note:INCOMPLETEZZA

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Perhaps allowing the people from A to move to B would not just lower B’s living standards by $20,000 (or the equivalent in liberal values), but entirely destroy its basis of prosperity
Note:IPOTESI SOLO XDITE SENZA GUADAGNI

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We can suppose that forcibly preventing immigration could be justified
Note:QUI LA PROIBIZIONE È GIUSTIFICATA

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If cultures help shape institutions, institutions help shape cultures, too.
Note:LO SCENARIO DA INCUBO PUÒ ESSERE ATENUATO. PRIMO...LA CULTURA CONTA MA NN È TUTTO

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Immigrants often absorb the norms of receiving countries, and take these with them when they return home.
Note:SPESSO...NN SOLO CONVERSIONE MA ANCHE EVANGELIZZAZIONE

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immigrants today integrate better, not worse.

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EVIDENZA

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Historically liberal institutions and their predecessors have been remarkably robust.
Note:IL VVERDETTO DEELLA STORIA

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In the United States, the same points were once made about Irish, Italian, Chinese, and Eastern Europeans
Note:ESEMPI

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At worst, this is reason to restrict immigration from X to Y. But it says nothing about immigration from other countries.
Note:MA SUPPONIAMO CHE I MUSULMANI SIANO UN PROBLEMA

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Extending the Economic Objections
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they often invoke mistaken or exaggerated empirical claims,
Note:PUNTO DEBOLE DELLE OBIEZIONI

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these arguments presuppose, rather than establish, that countries have the right to restrict immigration. They fail to show what they’re designed to show.
Note:INOLTRE...

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The economic objections to immigration lack the requisite kind of specificity.
Note:PERCHÈ DOVREBBERO APPLICARSO SOLO ALLO STRANIERO?

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suppose that Virginia feared that allowing cheaper workers from North Carolina to compete would depress Virginian wages.
Note:ESEMPIO...XCHÈ NN APPLICARLI ANCHE TRA REGIONI?

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suppose that the United States wanted to open more jobs to women, but someone objects that since women would compete with men these jobs, wages—the price of labor—will decline.
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO

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We need to know why countries are supposedly justified in doing things to foreigners
COSA CI OCCPRRE SAPETE