HL CHAPTER FIVE Population Control: Bondage and War

CHAPTER FIVE Population Control: Bondage and War
Note:5@@@@@@@@@ LO STATO COME CAMPO DI CONCENTRAMENTO E LAVORO FORZATO

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In the multitude of people is the king’s honor, but in the want of people is the destruction of the prince.
Note:SERVE LA MASSA MA NON LA SUA VOLONTÀ

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concern over the acquisition and control of population was at the very center of early statecraft.
Note:CONTROLLO

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a population of cultivators
Note:QUEL CHE SERVE

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“population machines”
Note:I PRIMI STATI

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“domesticated” subjects
Note:L ADDOMESTICAMENTO

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flock
Note:MASSA MASSA

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crops.
Note:MASSA MASSA

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produce a surplus in excess of their own needs
Note:OBBIETTIVO

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Spanish colonialism in the New World, the Philippines,
Note:LA CONCENTRAZIONE PRIMO OBBIETTIVO

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The reducciones or concentrated settlements
Note:REDUCC

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Christian mission stations—of whatever denomination—among dispersed populations begin in the same fashion,
Note:MISSIONI

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a surplus available to nonproducing elites. Such a surplus does not exist until the embryonic state creates it.
Note:NECESSITÀ DEL SURPLUS

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Marshall Sahlins
Note:PALEOCOMUNISMO

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Access to resources—land, pasture, hunting—was open to all by virtue of membership in a group,
Note:IL LAVORO PRIMA... COMUNISMO

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absence of either compulsion
Note:PRIMA

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no incentive to produce beyond the locally prevailing standards of subsistence and comfort.
Note:PRIMA NO SURPLUS

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A. V. Chayanov,

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when a family had more working members than nonworking dependents, it reduced its overall work effort once sufficiency was assured.
Note:EVIDENZE DI RIDUZIONE DEL LAVORO

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will not automatically produce a surplus that elites might appropriate,
Note:ELITE A MANI VUOTE

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corvée labor, forced delivery of grain or other products, debt bondage, serfdom, communal bondage and tribute, and various forms of slavery
Note:FORME DI LAVORO FORZATO

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risk of provoking the mass flight of subjects on the other, especially where there was an open frontier.
Note:IL RISCHIO DELLO SFRUTTATORE

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control of the means of production (land) alone suffice,
Note:SOLO DOPO LA PROP DELLA TERRA SOSTITUISCE LA SCHIAVITÙ

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So long as there are other subsistence options,
Note:L UNICA ALTERNATIVA ALLA SCHIAVITÙ

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Ester Boserup
Note:cccccc

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the archaic state lacked the means to prevent a certain degree of leakage
Note:TASSO NATURALE DI FUGA

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replace their losses by various means, including wars
Note:FUNZIONE DELLA GUERRA

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The state with the most people was generally richest and usually prevailed militarily
Note:POTENZA MILITARE ED ECONOMICA

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the prize of war was more often captives than territory,
Note:PRIGIONIERI

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Warfare in the Mesopotamian
Note:ASSEMBLING POPULATION

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Seth Richardson,

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conquer the smaller
Note:GUERRA TIPICA... PESCE GRANDE MANGIA PESCE PICCOLO

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Polities aimed to assemble “unpacified,” “scattered” people
Note:RADUNARE UN GREGGE

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in a constant struggle to compensate for the losses from flight and mortality
Note:COMPENSARE COMPENSARE

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The Old Babylonian legal codes are preoccupied with escapees and runaways
Note:CODICI

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THE STATE AND SLAVERY
Note:ttttttttttt

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Slavery was not invented by the state.
Note:AD ESSERE SINCERI

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Fernando Santos-Granaros

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many forms of communal servitude
Note:IN LATINO AMERICA

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tempered with assimilation and upward mobility,
Note:PRESSO I PELLEROSSA

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bondage was undoubtedly known in the ancient Middle East
Note:MEDIO ORIENTE

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Adam Hochschild

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as late as 1800 roughly three-quarters of the world’s population could be said to be living in bondage.
Note:MA CON LO STATO IL FENOMENO ESPLODE

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In Southeast Asia all early states were slave states and slaving states;
Note:ASIA

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slave raids.
Note:L ATTIVITÀ PIÙ COMUNE

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“No slavery, no state.”
Note:MOTTO

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Moses Finley

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“Was Greek Civilization based on Slave Labour?
Note:SÌ

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two-thirds—
Note:SCHIAVI AD ATENE

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issue of abolition never arose.
Note:SCONTATA

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some peoples, owing to a lack of rational faculties, are, by nature, slaves
Note:ARISTOTELE

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In Sparta, slaves represented an even larger portion of the population.
Note:SPARTA... PEGGIO MI SENTO

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“helots,” indigenous cultivators conquered
Note:SCHIAVI DEL COMUNISMO SPARTANO

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turned much of the Mediterranean basin into a massive slave emporium.
Note:L AZIONE DO ROMA... LA CITTÁ X ECCELLENZA

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Gallic Wars yielded nearly a million new slaves,
Note:EFFETTO DELLE GUERRE

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quarter to one-third of the population.
Note:SCHIAVI A ROMA

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slave became a unit of measurement:
Note:STANDARD

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SLAVERY AND BONDAGE IN MESOPOTAMIA
Note:tttttt

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existence of slavery and other forms of bondage is beyond question.
Note:ASSODATO...

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Finley

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a world without free men,
Note:IL MONDO PRE GRECO X FINLEY

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it was a relatively minor component of the overall economy.
Note:SUMERI BABILONESI EGIZI...

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I would dispute this consensus.

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Note:SFIDA

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they were not well treated. Many are shown in neck fetters or being physically subdued.
Note:CONDIZIONI ESTREME... X L ABBONDANZA DI SCGIAVI

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There are bounty hunters whose specialty it is to locate and return runaway slaves.
Note:CACCIATORI DI SCHIAVI

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absconding was a preoccupation of alluvium politics;
Note:IL NASCONDERSI DEI NOMADI

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A curious confirmation of the conditions of slave and enslaved debtors in Ur III comes from reading a utopian hymn “against the grain.”
Note:LA SOSPENSIONE DELLA VITA ORDINARIA CI RAFFIGURA LA VITA ORDINARIA

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a radical egalitarian moment.
Note:I MOMENTI DI SOSPENSIONE PRIMA DELLE FESTE

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poetic text describes what does not happen in this ritual of exception:
Note:FONTE

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EGYPT AND CHINA
Note:tttttt

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SLAVERY AS “HUMAN RESOURCES” STRATEGY
Note:tttttttt

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war helped to a great discovery—that men as well as animals can be domesticated.
Note:SCOPERTA DELL ADDOMESTICAMENTO

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captives of working age, raised at the expense of another society, and get to exploit their most productive years.
Note:IL VANTAGGI EC DELLA SCHIAVITÚ... PRIMO

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socially demobilized or atomized and therefore easier to control
Note:SECONDO

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over several generations, earlier captives would have become nearly indistinguishable from their captors.
Note:ASSIMILAZIONE

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The domesticated flock of sheep has many ewes and few rams,
Note:IL PARALLELO CON LE BESTIE NEL CONTROLLO DELLA RIPROD

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women slaves of reproductive age were prized in large part as breeders
Note:Ccccccccccccccc

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Who built the Thebes of the seven Gates?
Note:BERTOLT....DOMANDA RETORICA CHE RINVIA ALLA SCHIAVITÙ

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BOOTY CAPITALISM AND STATE BUILDING
Note:tttttttt

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manpower obsession of the early states,
Note:OSSESSIONE

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many horses, so many sheep, so many cattle, so many people.
Note:L UNITÀ X MISURARE IL SUCCESSO DI UNA BATTAGLIA.. BOTTINO

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Max Weber’s concept of “booty capitalism” seems applicable to a great many such wars,
Note:RAPINA IN GRANDE STILE

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Slaving wars
Note:UN CLASSICO

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the slave sector erected over the grain module in the early states was, even if of modest size, an essential component in the creation of a powerful state.
Note:TESI

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concentrated in the most degrading and dangerous labor,
Note:SCHIAVI

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THE PARTICULARITY OF MESOPOTAMIAN SLAVERY AND BONDAGE
Note:tttttt

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“the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.
Note:IL PROBLEMA DELLA SCARSA EVIDENZA

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the reasons why slavery should seem less obtrusive and central in the Mesopotamian evidence than in Greece or Rome.
Note:COSA DOBBIAMO SCOVARE

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the modest size and geographical reach of the Mesopotamian polities,
Note:LA PRINCIPALE RAGIONE

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smaller populations
Note:DIMENSIONI

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scarce documentation
Note:ALTRA RAGIONE

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a significant portion of the captives came from intercity warfare
Note:LO SIAVO ERA DELLA STESSA CULTURA E SI ASSIMILAVA PRESTO

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captives would have become ordinary subjects
Note:QUASI INOSSERVATI

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Mass deportation and forced settlement
Note:ALTRA RAGIONE... LA NN UFFICIALITÁ DI CERYA SCHIAVITÙ

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More than 200,000 Babylonians, for example, were moved to the core of the neo-Assyrian Empire,
Note:ESEMPIO

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For our purpose, however, what is most important is that these resettled populations would not necessarily have appeared in the historical record as slaves at all.
Note:DEPORTATI...NON UFFICIALMENTE SCHIAVI

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the model of the Spartan helot.
Note:ALTRA FORMA DI SCH NN UFFICIALE

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They remained in situ as whole communities,
Note:IN SITU

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annually humiliated in Spartan rituals,
Note:SORTE GRAMA....DI FATTO SCHIAVI

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deliver grain, oil, and wine to their masters.
Note:DOVERI

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“Even the massive settlement of the Mesopotamian plain of the middle of the fourth millennium may have been part of this process.”
Note:ILOTI IN MESOPOT... SCHIAVTÙ NN CONTEGGIATA

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A SPECULATIVE NOTE ON DOMESTICATION, DRUDGERY, AND SLAVERY
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

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What states surely did invent, however, are large-scale societies based systematically on coerced, captive human labor.
Note:LO STATO NN INVENTA LA SCHIAVITÙ

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slave is a tool for work and, as such, to be considered as a domestic animal as an ox
Note:L IDEA DI ARISTOTELE

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captives, individually and collectively, became an integral part of the state’s means of production
Note:SISTEMA DI PRODUZIONE

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At the very center of domestication is the assertion of human control over the plant’s or animal’s reproduction,
Note:BREEDING

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the strong preference for women
Note:INDIZIO

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the demographic stability and growth of the state.
Note:IL CUSCINEYTO DEGLI SCHIAVI SU CERTE VARIABILI

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the state’s overriding interest in maximizing its population
Note:MAX P

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Quarrying, mining, galley oaring, road building, logging, canal digging,
TUTA FATICA RISPARMIATA GRAZIE AGLI SCH