11 Noah’s Earth

11 Noah’s Earth
Note:11@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,394

exploring 1073 Lighthouse Avenue, the most peculiar of places, a small park perched above the town of Monterey.
Note:DOVE SIAMO....UNO STRANO PANORAMA....IL PARADISO DELLE FARFALLE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,400

Visitors beware: ‘Molesting a butterfly in any way’ can result in a $1,000 fine, according to a 1939 city ordinance.
Note:MULTE MULTE MULTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,409

This mild climate, which attracts both monarchs and humans to the Californian coast, is also ideal for Monterey pines,

Note | Location: 3,410

TRE SPECIE ESIGENTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,411

Fires can kill the mature trees but at the same time they release seeds from the tree’s resin-sealed cones to start the next generation.
Note:IL FUOCO E IL PINO MARITTIMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,416

rather than torch the neighbourhood, they collect the cones, extract the seeds and deliberately plant them
Note:L ALTERNATIVA AL FUOCO PRESCELTA DAI CITTADINI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,418

If the trees burn to the ground while they are still too young to produce new seed capsules, the generations will be interrupted.
Note:MA IL FUOCO È ANCHE NOCIVO...SOTTILI EQUILIBRI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,434

The problem today is that we are already in a too warm interglacial period, when the trees are at their rarest, and it is getting warmer
Note:LA MINACCIA OGGI X IL PINO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,438

Pinus radiata, was included in a trial of tree species that was carried out in Canterbury, on the South Island of New Zealand, in the 1850s.
Note:COME È STATO SVENTATO IL XICOLO DI ESTINZIONE?

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,441

radiata, as it is now known, has become the mainstay of New Zealand forestry,
Note:LAGGIÙ CREBBE 7 VOLTE PIÙ VELOCE CHE IN CALIFORNIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,443

Radiata now generates around 95 per cent of Chile’s timber production
Note:MA NJN CI SI FERMÒ ALL AUSTRALIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,444

It is grown in Argentina, Kenya, Uruguay and South Africa, where the climate is so ideal that the tree has gone wild,
Note:MA ANCHE..........

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,451

Meanwhile, back in Monterey, blue gum trees, Eucalyptus globulus, have made the journey in reverse.
Note:UNA STORIA AL CONTRARIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,454

According to the California Invasive Plant Council, they are actively regenerating along the coast, represent a fire danger and oust native plants.
Note:LA MALEDIZIONE DELLE AUTORITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,456

the larger leaves of the blue gums – compared to pine needles – form just the right conditions for the Monarch butterflies
Note:IL PRADOSSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,457

Planting more gum trees may be one of the best ways to help protect North America’s most iconic butterfly.
Note:CcccccPARADOSSO DEI CONSERVAZIONISTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,462

Monterey pine and blue gum were both confined to small areas of the world’s land surface until humans evolved and transported them elsewhere.
Note:BENEFICIATI DALL UOMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,465

Both trees could have been threatened by human-wrought changes to the vegetation and climate.
Note:COSTI E BENEFICI.....HANNO VONTI I SECONDI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,469

Forests of the new natural world will never be the same again. Environmentalists may dislike them for their new-found success,6 but there is no doubting they represent previously rare species made good.
Note:CON LA DIFFUSIONE DI QS PIANTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,477

Rare species becoming common and common species rare is not a human-created phenomenon
Note:ESISTE DA 2,000,000 DI ANNI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,478

Earth’s climate has zigzagged back and forth between glacial and warmer
Note:UN FATTORE ALLA BASE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,478

The alpine chough is a perky yellow-billed and glistening-black relative of the crows
Note:UN TEMPO COL FREDDO VIVEVA IN PIANURA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,481

chough bones
Note:NELL IMMONDIZIA DEI NS ANTENATI DI 20000 ANN FA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,484

the case with the British dung beetles
Note:UN CASO SIMILE...SCARABEI STERCORARIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,486

twenty thousand years ago, oak, lime, beech and hornbeam trees were banished from the European prairie
Note:SORTE CONTRARIA X ALTRI ORGANISMI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,487

These trees survived in sheltered valleys and on sunny slopes, mainly in the Balkan states,
Note:Ccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,489

Yet these European forest trees survived and, when the Earth heated up, a little over eleven thousand years ago,8 they spread out
Note:RIVINCITA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,495

Similar stories can be told for most of the other extensive forests of the northern hemisphere.
Note:OVUNQUE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,495

The conifers that form Canada’s great boreal forest, for example, moved in only once the ice retreated

Note | Location: 3,496

UN REGALO DEL CAMBIAMENTO CLIMATICO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,496

When foresters and conservationists refer to primeval forests
Note:UN TEMPO ERANO STESPPE....QUANDO GLI ANTENATI CACCIAVANO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,499

Those ancestors may well have been rather irritated by the arrival of trees.
Note:IRRITAZIONE X IL CAMBIAMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,501

It follows that everything that we, as humans, obtain from those forests has also arrived recently:
Note:FRUTTI LEGNA.....FINO AL CARBONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,505

wheels, carts, ploughs and ships.
Note:I FRUTTI DELLA FORESTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,505

heating and ability to cook.
Note:ANCORA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,506

materials of war: wooden spikes and fortresses
Note:Cccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,508

charcoal was used to heat alloys of copper, tin and arsenic,
Note:LAVORAZIONE DEI METALLI...GRAZIE AL CARBONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,510

The Iron Age had arrived, thanks to charcoal,
Note:Ccccccccccccf

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,517

Most of our carbohydrates come from plants that are descended from a few species of grasses that were restricted to small parts of the world
Note:CIÒ CHE È RARO SI DIFFONDE E VICEVERSA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,524

many other animal species started off living in a small part of the world
Note:ESEMPI...PASSERO GATTO E UOMO...ASIA E AFRICA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,527

Mount Etna Senecio – transformed into Oxford ragwort – now populates every British town.
Note:ESEMPIO DI ERBE TRASMIGRATE E PROSPERE ALTROVE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,532

we will ultimately fail if we attempt to keep things exactly, or even roughly, as they are.
Note:COSA IMPLICA QUANTO DETTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,533

Life is a process, not a final product.
Note:FILOSOFIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,534

we need a conservation philosophy that is based on natural change, with humans centre stage:
Note:UN NUOVO NATIRALISMO...PRIMO PRINCIPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,537

diversity of life on Earth is determined by the balance between gains and losses,
Note:TUTTO È UN BILANCIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,539

to maintain flexibility for future change.
Note:UN SECONDO PRINCIPIO DA TENERE A MENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,543

humans are natural within the Earth system,
Note:TERZO PRINCIPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,545

the fourth principle is that we still have to live within our planetary bounds.
Note:QUARTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,552

accept and promulgate ‘good’ change; maintain flexibility; use any means available because human actions are natural; live within our planet’s bounds
Note:SINTESI DEL QUADRUMVIRATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,556

‘no change’ is not an option.
Note:MOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,568

Our aim should be to maintain robust ecosystems (however different from those that exist now or existed in the past) and species, rather than to defend an unstable equilibrium.
Note:IRROBUSTIRE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,569

our default position is to treat change as negative.
Note:OGGI...LOSS AVERSION

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,576

the calculation of trends separately for each country, has had a very negative side-effect. It has formalized a no-change-is-best framework
Note:DOVE SI ANNIDA IL GUAIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,579

A decline of a species in one country registers on our biological accounts as negative, and its arrival in another country is likely to be either ignored or counted as negative
Note:ELISIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,605

The more different kinds of species exist, the greater will be the chance that at least some of them will flourish

Note | Location: 3,605

W LA DIVERSITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,607

is not a preservationist strategy but a resilient, flexible approach that will fuel rather than prevent future biological change.
Note:LA STRATEGIA DELLA BIODIVERSITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,621

We can be proactive rather than bowed over with regret that things are no longer as they were.
Note:RICORDIAMO ANCORA CHE SIAMO NATURA ANCHE NOI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,622

The ginger-guzzling elephants I met in the under-storey of Borneo’s Danum Valley forest are a case in point. Imported from a now extinct population that most likely lived in Java,
Note:YN CASO DI ANIMALONE TRAPIANTATO FELCEMENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,626

does the answer to the question of whether they are ‘native’ really matter?
Note:IN TUTTA SONCEROTÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,636

species may flourish outside their historical ranges.
Note:CI SONO MILLE MILLE MILLE ESEMPI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,640

The critically endangered yellow-crested cockatoo, for example, is thriving as an introduced population in Hong Kong
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO DI ESTINZIONE IN INDONESIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,651

international cast of animals roaming the wilds
Note:LA NUOVA RISERVA....UN PO COME LO ZOO....ACCCOSTAMENTI ARDITI DI JOHN DONLAN

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,662

Mediterranean shrublands could become the refuge of African black rhinoceros;
Note:UJNA PROPOSTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,664

in the wetlands of France’s Camargue.
Note:CI FACCIAMO SGUAZZARE GLI IPPO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,669

Debate about such proposals tends to dwell on three areas of concern. Is it natural?
Note:IL DUBBIO...E LA RISPOSTA GIÀ DATA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,675

If you accept my argument that we should minimize the number of species that become extinct
Note:EVVIVA LO ZOO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,679

The more tangible benefit is that rhinos are endangered elsewhere.
Note:IL CASO DEL RHINO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,681

‘De-extinction’, or resurrection biology, is a term that is increasingly used
Note:COME ETICHETTARE IL TREND

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,682

the latest fad in affirmative action
Note:LO ZOO MULTICOLORE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,685

Genetic material from Celia, the last living female, was injected into a domestic goat’s egg,
Note:LOTTA CONTRO L ESTINZIONE DELLO STAMBECCO PIRENAICO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,688

Maybe it would be simpler to let Celia rest in peace and release other kinds of ibex
Note:CREAZIONI ARTIFICIALI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,692

The next ‘big prize’ in resurrection biology is the woolly mammoth. Several research groups are attempting to bring mammoths
Note:RESURREZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,695

I very much look forward to seeing them; but we should not kid ourselves that mamphants are woolly mammoths.
Note:E SE LA COSA RIESCE A METÀ VA BENE LO STESSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,698

Knitting the genes of different species together
Note:ANIMALI PATCHWORK

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,700

Bison bounced back with a few cow genes on board.
Note:UN RITORNO GRADITO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,706

it would be something of a new step if we are deliberately to create new hybrids and then release them into the wild.
Note:RISPETTO AGLI INCROCI DOMESTICI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,707

Why should we do this only when one of the parent species happens to be extinct?
Note:MA ANDIAMO OLTRE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,709

why not create novel entities from two or more living species
Note:DELIRIOOOOOOO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,710

llamas and camels
Note:ES

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,714

if we regard all human actions as natural, and thus legitimate options, we can use technologies

Note | Location: 3,715

RICORDIAMOCI SEMPRE IL PUNTO DI PARTENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,718

release ecologically similar species from different continents,
UNA STRATEGIA ALTERNATIVA