Conclusions
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Note:CONC@@@@@@@@@@§@
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The evidence we found is ample enough to revive the theory of relative deprivation and frustrated expectations as a fundamental explanation of why people form and join extremist movements.
Note:TERRORISMO E FRUSYRAZIONE
Note:TERRORISMO E FRUSYRAZIONE
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Engineers, and to a smaller extent doctors, stand out among them because when economic development ground to a halt in the late 1970s and early 1980s, they fell from the highest perch in terms of expectations and formed or joined Islamist movements that in previous decades had been led by lower-status graduates.
Note:ATTESE DELUSE
Note:ATTESE DELUSE
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NON FRUSTR MATERIALI
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The fuel flows rather from the feeling of being unjustly deprived of a status for which they and their families worked hard and sacrificed, and to which they felt entitled to aspire, and, grander still, from the lack of opportunity to prove one’s worth in shaping the future one’s country—
Note:C FRUSTR DI STATUS
Note:C FRUSTR DI STATUS
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Middle East regimes would discover that promoting higher education does not promote social acquiescence.
Note:L ISTRUZIONE NN PROMUOVE LA PACE
Note:L ISTRUZIONE NN PROMUOVE LA PACE
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The first generation of violent Islamist radicals in the 1970s was replete with highly educated individuals.
Note:c
Note:c
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Relative deprivation is not, however, an exhaustive explanation of engineers’ overrepresentation.
Note:MA
Note:MA
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we found evidence that engineers are more likely to join violent opposition groups than nonviolent ones, to prefer religious groups to secular groups, and to be less likely to defect once they join an Islamist group.
Note:EVIDENZA: ING PIÙ VIOLENTI E PIÙ RELIGIOSI
Note:EVIDENZA: ING PIÙ VIOLENTI E PIÙ RELIGIOSI
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overrepresentation of engineers occurs in vastly different social and economic contexts,
Note:VERO OVUNQUE
Note:VERO OVUNQUE
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network connections by themselves do not explain the overrepresentation of engineers:
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Note:L IPOTESI...PIÙ TECNICA PIÙ ING NN SPIEGA
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Next, the patterns of overrepresentation show the limits of social movement theories that, in order to explain the emergence of rebel movements, invoke “political opportunity structures” and “political entrepreneurs”
Note:ALTRA IPOTESI SCARTATA: QUELLA MOVIMENTISTA
Note:ALTRA IPOTESI SCARTATA: QUELLA MOVIMENTISTA
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Another theory of extremists’ profile purports that it would be determined by recruiters’ choices, that it would be in other words demand driven.
Note:CONFUTATA LA TEORIA DELLA DOMANDA: ING IN TANTO XCHÈ MOLTO RICHIESTI
Note:CONFUTATA LA TEORIA DELLA DOMANDA: ING IN TANTO XCHÈ MOLTO RICHIESTI
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our evidence suggests that recruiters’ preferences do not account for engineers’ overrep-resentation: in groups in which members are selected by recruiters, engineers are less frequent than they are in groups in which members are self-recruited—a
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Note:c
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Engineers possess not so much a proclivity to extremism as such but to extremism of a certain type. In the case of MENA countries, relative deprivation and ideological propensity worked together: the former selected elite graduates and the latter boosted the share of engineers among them.
Note:FRUSTRAZIONE + MENTALITÀ. INGR ESSENiali
Note:FRUSTRAZIONE + MENTALITÀ. INGR ESSENiali
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interaction between social conditions and personal characteristics,
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Note:Cccccccc
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different ideologies meet the cognitive and emotional needs of different people.
IDEOLOGIA E BISOGNI EMOTIVI
IDEOLOGIA E BISOGNI EMOTIVI