HL Chapter 4 What the Public Is Not

Chapter 4  What the Public Is Not
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Walter Lippmann’s

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It is merely the persons who are interested in an affair and can affect it only by supporting or opposing the actors.” 
Note:IL PUBBLICO PER WL...GLI ACTORS SONO GLI ESPERTI

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There are many publics, each of them embedded in a particular culture and circumstance. 
Note:TANTI PUBBLICI

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characterize this heterogeneous beast. 
Note:IL PROBLEMA DELL ANALISTA

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that public, once synonymous with “the audience,” is no longer silent,
Note:OGGI...PUBBLICO VOCIFERANTE

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leaped onstage and become a leading actor

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Rather than assert what the public is, I explain what the public is not. 

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IL METODO MIGLIORE

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The Public Is Not the People, But Likes To Pretend That It Is
Note:tttttttttttttt PRIMO SCARTO

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Egyptian public took to the streets in enormous numbers demanding the overthrow
Note:IL PUBBLICO DELLE PRIMAVERE

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On July 3, the Egyptian military ousted Morsi,
Note:ESERCITO

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They claimed to be abiding by the will of the people. 
Note:GENTE E PUBBLICO

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similar argument was put forward by Mohamed ElBaradei, the new prime minister

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the central doctrine of liberal democracy:  the people were sovereign. 
Note:SOVRANITÀ

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ElBaradei identified the protesting public with the Egyptian people. 
Note:IDENTIFICAZIONE

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the fractured condition of the Egyptian public. 
Note:IL PROB

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Which could be identified with the Egyptian people? 

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Morsi, unlike Mubarak, had been voted

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20 million protesters on the streets, 22 million signatures petitioning Morsi to step down,
Note:LA PROT. Vs L ELETTO

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July events in Egypt were a revolution or a coup.
Note:IL DUBBIO

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the public is composed of those self-selected persons interested in the affair,
Note:LA DIFF CON LA GENTE

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no legitimate authority

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lacks the structure to enforce

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It can only express an opinion,

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people are an abstraction of political philosophy. 
Note:GENTE

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Its authority has always been based on persuasion rather than law. 
Note:PUBBLICO

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it is precisely the overflow of the public’s activity beyond the channels of democratic procedures
Note:L IMPONDERABILE DI OGGI

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Because the public was clueless, the political weight of its opinion was likely to be misguided or manipulated by cunning insiders. 
Note:OPINIONE ELITISTA WL

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The “Occupy” groups in the US, with tiny numbers on the street compared to Egypt’s protesters, still claimed to represent the “99 percent”
Note:LA PRETESA

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result, given the mutable nature of the public, can only be chaos. 
Note:SE USCIAMO DAL FORMALISMO E CREDIAMO NELL ESISTENZA DI UN POPOLO

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The Public Is Not the Masses, But Was Once Buried Alive Under Them
Note:ttttttt SECONDO SCARTO

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in pre-industrial society ordinary people lived “dispersed.” 
Note:ERA SENZA MASSE

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ideology of the time, liberal democracy, preached the universal equality of man and citizen. 
Note:DOPO... UGUAGLIANZA E MASA

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industry needed mass

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The system was top-down, intrusive, and impersonal,

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The industrial age was Taylorist to the core. 

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More precisely:  the masses impersonated the public for the benefit of the hierarchy,
Note:IDENTIFICAZ

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mass movements whose prestige crested just before World War II – laborists, anarchists, syndicalists, fascists, socialists, national socialists, communists. 
Note:MOVIMENTI

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sought to reduce political action to pure mechanics. 
Note:IL TENTATIVO

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racial Darwinism for the Nazis,
Note:PSEUDOSCIENZE

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scientific materialism” for Marxist-Leninists. 

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control of the masses. 
Note:QUEL CHE CONTA

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no space for a free-standing public. 
Note:PASSIVITÀ

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TV viewers in the 1950s, for example, could only react as consumers to three channels,
Note:DIMINUITA REATTIVITÀ

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They couldn’t act. 

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The same was true of the industrial economy:  mass producers
Note:NO SCELTA

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Our age is characterized by a radical shift along this spectrum: 
Note:OGGI MOLTA DIFFERENZA

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TV viewers became YouTube posters. 

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advocates for personally meaningful causes,
Note:TRASF DEI MOVIMENTI

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“We Are All Khaled Said” Facebook page. 

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Lippmann and Dewey got the future wrong: 
Note:L ERRORE

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they failed to foresee the advent of a personalized information

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The Public Is Not the Crowd, But the Two Are in a Relationship (It’s Complicated)
Note:Ttttttttttttttttt

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it was the crowds which brought down the Ben Ali
Note:POSSIBILE INTERPRET. DeLLE PRIMAVERE

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The public, we know, is composed of private persons welded together by a shared point of reference: 
Note:RIPETOAMO DEFIN

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Members of the public tend to be dispersed,

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A crowd, on the contrary, is always manifest, and capable of great physical destructiveness and ferocity. 
Note:FISICITÀ DELLA FOLLA

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In direct democracies like ancient Athens, it could be said to represent the will of the sovereign people. 
Note:ATENE... COINCIDENZA

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The public mediates the transformation of the crowd into a symbolic force. 
Note:SIMBOLO

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Thus Hitler’s rallies at Nuremberg and Stalin’s May Day parades. 
Note:FOLLE ORG

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Cuba’s Castro regime on festive occasions still herds the masses to bask in their approval,

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In the new millenium, the public returned with a vengeance,
Note:FOLLA E VENDETTA

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The unpredictability of the crowd mirrored the public’s networked structure and sectarian temper. 
IMPREVEDIBILITÀ