6 - Six THE MARRIAGE PROBLEM

Six THE MARRIAGE PROBLEM
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February of 2014,

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consistory,

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teaching on the family,
Note:L OGGETTO

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Walter Kasper,

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IL RELATORE UN RIVALE DI RATZ

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theology of mercy,

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a “penitential path” that would allow divorced and remarried Catholics to receive communion.
Note:LA PROPOSTA

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experiment that he imagined a more decentralized Catholicism should allow.
Note:ESPERIMENTO DECENTRALIZZATO

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might not apply “in complex, individual cases,”
Note:REGOLA GENERALE MA NN UNIVERSALE

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the discretion to decide
Note:IL CONFESSORE

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a rebuke from Rome,
Note:NEL 1993

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accompaniment for divorced Catholics, but also stated that “the Church reaffirms her practice,
Note:FAMILIARIS CONSORTIO

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many priests did admit remarried Catholics to the Eucharist,
Note:GIÀ ALLORA

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But this was de facto, not de jure,

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an interest in the remarriage issue,
Note:PAPA FRA MOSTRA SUBITO

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Eastern Orthodoxy’s practice on divorce, which allows second (and even third) marriages under a special, penitential rite
Note:INTERESSE X

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the furor over gay priests and “who am I to judge?” overshadowed
Note:PASSAGGIO ON SECONDO PIANO

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Gerhard Müller,
Note:NEL 2013 RIAFFERMA LA REGOLA...PREFETTO CONGREGAZIONE

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Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga, part of the pope’s kitchen cabinet, swiftly criticized Müller
Note:CROTICHE...IL MONDO NN È BIANCO E NERO

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cardinal-versus-cardinal clash

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sacraments could—well, not change, exactly, but adapt.
Note:PER KASPER...DISCORSO D APERTURA

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“between the extremes of rigorism and laxity,”
Note:DOVE COLLOCARSI

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The pope intended the German cardinal’s speech as the first step in a dramatic progression,
Note:DIETRO K IL PAPA

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teaching on marriage
Note:Ttttttttttt

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Gospel of Mark,
Note:FONDAMENTO

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Jesus, as elsewhere in the gospels, makes the law more demanding,
Note:RISPETTO A MOSÈ

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What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate.”
Note:IL COMANDO

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marriage’s indissolubility,

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it made such a stark contrast with the sexual landscape of ancient Rome.
Note:CONTRO ROMA

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equality of the sexes in a world defined by patriarchal power,
Note:PARITÀ

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interwoven with prostitution and slavery,
Note:PRIMA

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promised permanence and protection
Note:ALLA DONNA

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“bride of Christ”
Note:CONCEZIONE PAOLINA DELLA CHIESA...COERENZA DI METAFORA

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in its wars with Protestantism, the Catholic Church would be accused of abandoning the Bible in favor of invented traditions,
Note:IL MATRIMONIO INDISSOLUBILE COME PUNTO DI FORZA CONTRO LE ACCUSE

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other Christian communions have found reasons to soften

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allowances for remarriage, sometimes based on a line in Matthew’s gospel where Jesus seems to make an exception for cases of “sexual immorality”
Note:PROTESTANTI PIÙ RILASSATI...ORTODOSSI GIÀ VISTO

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Matthew’s gospel allowed for separation but not a second union.
Note:VERSIONE CATTOLICA

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public adultery,
Note:RIMATRIM

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This view, the long-standing Catholic view, has a solid claim to being the view of the earliest Christians.
Note:LA PRIMA CHIESA

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Again and again, popes insisted on the principle of indissolubility,
Note:NEL CORSO DELLA STORIA

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against royal desires
Note:SIMBOLO DI RESISTENZA

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The church’s obdurance on this point came at a cost, and not only in our own phase of modernity.
Note:UNA VERITÀ SCOMODA

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It made reunion with the Eastern churches, and then later the Protestant churches, that much more difficult.

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brought the church into conflict with the royal houses of Europe;

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Henry VIII,

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martyrs of Thomas More

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adaptation, compromise, and change.
Note:Tttttttttt

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permit a non-Christian marriage to be dissolved if one party wished to convert to Christianity
Note:ECCEZIONE

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include nonsacramental marriages in which one spouse but not the other was a baptized Christian;
Note:ESTENSIONE

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vexing issue of what sort of union constituted a valid marriage,
Note:ELASTICI

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marriages in the West were made by the couple alone,
Note:LA REGOLA NELLA STORIA

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clandestine marriages proliferated,
Note:MEDIOEVO

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seeking to escape arranged unions

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who was really married to whom could be a matter of debate.
Note:IN ASSENZA DI REGISTRI

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Counter-Reformation Catholicism responded by instituting new requirements for validity:
Note:CONTRORIFORMA

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priest’s presence, two witnesses, written records.

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until 1908
Note:A MACCHIA DI LEO

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age
Note:COSA PUÒ ANNULLARE

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failure to consummate,

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consanguinity,

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preexisting religious vows,

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compulsion

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what constituted true consent
Note:EVVAI CON L ARBITRIO

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ignorance, a lack of real commitment, a lack of openness to children

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This expansive approach to annulments
Note:GLI USA ABBASSANO I COSTI

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“annulment factories,”
Note:ALCUNE DIOCESI DOPO IL VII

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a staggering 60 percent of annulments
Note:USA DA RECORD

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American system was a model for how the church should adapt to post–sexual revolution
Note:UNA VIA ALTERNATIVA ALL ADATTAMENTO

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a patchwork of pastoral responses to remarried Catholics
Note:E LA SORTE DEI RISPOSATI?

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Catholics generally had little difficulty finding a liberal-leaning pastor who would bless the reception of communion.
Note:CAMBIO GIURISDIZ

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early-twenty-first-century church resembled in certain interesting ways the church of the Middle Ages
Note:FORMALISMO RIGOROSO REALTÀ VARIEGATA

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secular culture was more hostile to the church’s formal teaching on divorce’s
Note:PRIMA DIFF COL MEDIOEVO

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the speed of travel and communication meant that everyone everywhere was more aware of these tensions
Note:SECONDA DIFF

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Which is where Cardinal Kasper’s proposal entered in.
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

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church as a “field hospital,”
Note:KASPER SI ADEGUA ALLA METAFORA DI FRA

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liberating priests and parishioners from hypocrisy and disobedience,
Note:L INTENTO

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partial solution to the hemorrhage of churchgoers
Note:ALTRO INTENTO

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They doubted that rigidity was the real driver of secularization,
Note:I CONSERVATORI

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What of the suffering children from a first, now broken marriage, who would now have even the church itself seem to bless
Note:LE VITTIME DI K PER I CONS

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laboring couple trying to keep their marriage together in hard times,
Note:ALTRE VITTIME

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Catholics still had lower divorce rates than Protestants and nonbelievers,
Note:D ALTRONDE LA PROIB FUNZIONA

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obscuring the long-term consequences for Catholic families
Note:LE BUONE INTENZIONI DEI PROG

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Kasper’s Germany, where the church remained extremely wealthy—with about $6 billion in income annually—thanks to a “church tax”
Note:INSINUAZIONI SU K

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Kasper proposal looked like it might have some unspoken financial motivations,
Note:MOTIVAZIINI REALI

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The deeper problem was doctrinal:
Note:TUTTAVIA...

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what it could not do was break faith with its own tradition,
Note:COSA NN PUÒ FARE LA CHIESA... PUÒ ESSERE IPOCRITA MA...

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This, to conservatives, was the path that Kasper was urging on the church.
Note:L ACCUSA

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Catholics would be told by Rome that even though their first marriage might well have been a real marriage, even though it could well have constituted an indissoluble reality, they could still live with and sleep with someone who was not their husband
Note:LA CONTRADDIZIONE

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case-by-case approach
Note:L APPROCCIO K

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avoiding scandalous behavior,

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What the church considered to be objectively real was not necessarily binding,
Note:ESITO CHIARO

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pattern in the post–Vatican II church was that some innovation was introduced
Note:E LE ALTRE INNOVAZIONI?

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permitting communion in the hand
Note:ES

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allowing cremation

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rigorous discernment process,
Note:FATTORE ESSENZIALE MA DIFFICILE DA OTTENERE

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overburdened
Note:PRETI

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conscientious
Note:REQUISITO DIFFICILE

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just thirty minutes

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almost half of the priests, according to a church study, had not gone to confession themselves in the past year
Note:NELLA GERMANIA DI K.

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penitential path”
Note:A PAROLE

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penitential act: Express appropriate contrition for the failure of your officially Catholic marriage and then go to communion
Note:NEI FATTI

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sufficiently sorry for your past divorce.
Note:REQUISITO DI FATTO

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process of annulment,
Note:FINE SACRA ROTA

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most obsessively self-scrutinizing would consider abstaining from communion.
Note:DIVORZIATI SENZA COMUN

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continuity and coherence of what Catholicism taught,
Note:Ttttttttttt

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there was also no reason why the transformation would stop with the issue of divorce
Note:PIANO INCLINATO

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it was too hard for the “ordinary Christian” to follow,
Note:ARG.DI K.

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obligations that people undertook when they entered second marriages
Note:ARGOMENTO RAGIONEVOLE

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could not be set aside without doing new damage,
Note:Cccccccc

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the grace necessary to persevere in virtue is always available to ordinary Christians.
Note:LA TRADIZ CATTOLICA...VS QUELLA PROTESTANTE

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God’s law is never impossible to follow,

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the scale of human guilt.
Note:ESISTE CMQ

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the church—and, as confessors, its priests—cannot tell people that they are free to sin
Note:TUTTAVIA L'INSEGNAMENTO

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nobody can ever be told that God simply accepts their sin
Note:OCCORRE UN PENTIMENTO FATTIVO PER IL PERDONO

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the moral law is an aspiration rather than an obligation,
Note:SAREBBE UNA RIVOLUZIONE COMPLETA

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for some people the moral law is unreasonably hard to follow
Note:LA RICHIESTA DEI SOGGETTIVISTI

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The soldier who commits war crimes because his superior expects
Note:ESEMPIO DI ESTENSIONE

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the politician who takes a bribe because everybody else is doing it
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO

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sexual sins are at once more distinctive and less serious than others,
Note:PER I PROGRESSISTI

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If the obligations involved in a second marriage need to be accommodated by the church, why not the obligations of a polygamous
Note:POLIGAMIA SDOGANATA

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A church that welcomed adulterers to communion in Germany or America would have no good reason to withhold the sacraments from polygamists in Nigeria or Kenya.
Note:CCCCCCCCCCCCC

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Nor would it have a clear reason to withhold them from sexually active same-sex couples either,
Note:SDOGANATO IL MATRIMONIO OMOSESSUALE

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Nor, for that matter, would such a church have reasons to draw lines around certain nonmarital romantic heterosexual relationships either, given that those can involve as many moral and emotional commitments
Note:SDOGANATO L'ADULTERIO

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The logic of the Kasper proposal could be applied to any stable, entangling commitment

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Kasper’s proposal was designed to be a depth charge, released to shatter the edifice of Catholic moral teaching
Note:SOSPETTO CONSERVATORE

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the question of how much the church could change,
Note:IL DIBATTITO DEL CVII

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reaffirming not only specific teachings and disciplines but also the moral theology underpinning them,
Note:LA RISPOSTA PAPALE IERI...ANCHE DI GIOVANNI

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the interpretation of the Council advanced by the last two popes was provisional rather than binding.
Note:KASPER SULL'INTERPRETAZIONE DEL VATII DEI DUE ULTIMI PAPI

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remarriage and communion was a place where conservatives felt they had to draw a line.
Note:TTTTTTTTTTTTTT

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His leftward forays on economics, migration, and the environment might annoy some conservative Catholics,
Note:QUESTIONI CHE DIVENTANO MARGINALI

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likewise his tendency to downplay issues like abortion.

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But the remarriage and communion issue was far more fundamental, and thus the Kasper proposal far more fraught.
Note:IL NOCCIOLO DEL SOGGETTIVISMO

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Kasper’s speech, and the brief wave of publicity it generated, did not seem to immediately trouble many conservative Catholics.
Note:UNA COSA TALMENTE GROSSA DA SEMBRARE IMPOSSIBILE

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was it likely that Francis would decide to reignite a battle from the 1970s and 1980s? No,
Note:ILLUSIONE CONS

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They were wrong, understandably but badly so. But it would take some time for that to become apparent.
CONS A OCCHI SGRANATI