7 THE LIFE AND DEATH OF JESUS

7 THE LIFE AND DEATH OF JESUS
Note:Fonti della vita di gesùè prob. che sia nato da vergine?7@@@@@@@@@@@@

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would also be quite probable that the prophet’s life would be a perfect life,
Note:COM È PROBABILMENTE IL PROFETA INCARNATO?

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Sources for the History of Jesus
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New Testament:

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LA FONTE PRINCIPALE

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four Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, and the letters

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Paul’s letters which are almost certainly genuine

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written about AD 50;
Note:LA TEST PIÙ RECENTE

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Scholars differ about when those Gospels achieved their final form, but an average view might date Mark’s Gospel at AD 70, and those of Matthew and Luke at AD 80.
Note:DATE

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Acts of the Apostles.
Note:SCRITTI DA LUCA

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Christians closely associated with the Church’s leadership.
Note:CHI ERANO LUCA MATTEO MARCO...POCO CHIARO

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John’s Gospel reached its finished form by perhaps about AD 90,
Note:GIOVANNI...ISPIRATO MA PROB NN SCRITTO DALL APOSTOLO

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Luke was claiming to write a basically historical work; and so he must have understood Mark’s Gospel,
Note:LUCA E MARCO... Un LAVORO DA STORICI

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Matthew understood Mark in the same way;
Note:IDEM MATTEO

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Most of the Acts of the Apostles reads like any other contemporary work of history,
Note:IDEM ATTI

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general agreement between the synoptic Gospels
Note:CONCORDANZE

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The four Roman governors
Note:PERSONAGGI STORICI REALI

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four kings of Judaea,

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it is rational to believe what others tell us
Note:PRINCIPI DI TESTIMONIANA... FINO A PROVA CONTRARIA

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understand what people say (or write) in its most natural literal sense,
Note:LETTERALE

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Many of the early Christians were killed for refusing to deny Christian doctrines
Note:MARTIRIO

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they had firm beliefs in those doctrines.

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differences of detail
Note:LA STORIA RIPORTATA.... DIFFERENZE PLAUSIBILI IN UNA TRASMISSIONE ORALE

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The extent of agreement between the various writers about the main events
Note:QUELLO CHE IMPRESSIONA

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synoptic Gospels all recorded the baptism
Note:ANCHE QUANDO NN SEMBRA NECESSARIO

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ancient historians do not have such precise standards of accuracy as do modern historians.
Note:ALTRO FATTORE DA PESARE

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he affirms solemnly that he or his immediate source were witnesses of the events recorded
Note:GIOVANNI

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In the other Gospels too there are a few stories which we may reasonably suspect of being metaphysical fables,
Note:SOSPETTI

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the stories of Jesus’s birth contained in Matthew and Luke, are of this kind.
Note:FORSE

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literally true history
Note:IN GENERALE

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The Miracles of Jesus and the Virgin Birth

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The major reason which many people have for supposing that some Gospel incidents did not occur is that, if they had occurred,
Note:VIOLAZIONE DELLE LEGGI DI NATURA E INCREDULITÀ

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‘miracle stories’

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Maybe the son of the widow of Nain was not really dead when Jesus told him to get up
Note:FORSE NON TUTTI SONO MIRACOLI

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the instantaneous recovery from leprosy
Note:DI CERTO UN MIRACOLO

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if there is a God, he makes the laws of nature operate and can set them aside
Note:RICORDIAMO LE BASI

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in order to put his signature on the work of Jesus,
Note:PECHÈ J FA I MIRACOLI

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if miracles occur, they occur only very rarely.
Note:CONDIZIONE

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The one exception for which we do have quite a bit of such evidence is the Resurrection
Note:LISTA DI TESTIMONI E PARTICOLARI

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much more probable that the other lesser miracles associated with his life also occurred.
Note:SE È VERO IL MIRACOLO PRINCIPALE

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the Virgin Birth.
Note:L ALTRO MIRACOLO CAPITALE

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a further divine signature on the life of Jesus—a
Note:LA PROB A PRIORI...NASCITA MORTE

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But, as with the other purported miracles apart from the Resurrection, there is a shortage of witnesses and physical evidence.
Note:RISPETTO ALLA RESURR

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accounts of Jesus’s birth otherwise very different
Note:MATTEO E LUCA

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one fully reliable source of the story of the Virgin Birth, Mary herself.
Note:L UNICA FONTE ATTENDIBILE

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two reasons why, if it is true, the story might have surfaced only later than the first few years after the death of Jesus.
Note:DUE RAGIONI

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the testimony of one woman did not in the view of contemporary Jews constitute good witness evidence.
Note:PRIMA RAGIONE... LA TESTIMONIANZA DELLA DONNA PRESSO I GIUDEI

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Mary would surely have seen that she would not be believed,
Note:SeCONDA RAGIONE... Un FIVLIO ILLEGITTIMO ATTENUA L ATTENDIBILITÀ

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God provided a (less evident) signature on the life of Jesus also at its beginning.
Note:L INIZIO

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Jesus Led a Perfect Life Involving Suffering
Note:Ttttttttttt

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the life of Jesus was a perfect human life which involved much suffering.
Note:PRIMO REQUISITO PER IDENTIFICARE GESÙ CON DIO

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only from their public behaviour.
Note:L ELEMENTO DA GIUDICARE

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Jesus ate with society’s outcasts as well as eating with the Pharisees,
Note:STAVA CON TUTTI

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[Jesus] differed from both his contemporaries and even his prophetic predecessors.
Note:SPECIALE

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Tax collectors were notorious for trying to extract from citizens
Note:TIPICI DISONESTI

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when Jesus went to stay with the tax collector Zacchaeus, people complained,
Note:SCANDALO

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To teach people about God,
Note:OVVIAMENTE POSITIVO

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Prayer and religious experience played an important part in the life of Jesus,
Note:IDEM

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The fact that Jesus sought baptism from John the Baptist would only suggest that he considered himself a sinner,
Note:IDEM... UMILTÀ

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the life of Jesus was the life of a wandering teacher,

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he voluntarily allowed himself to be arrested under circumstances where death was a likely outcome.
Note:PECORELLA

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total dedication

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charge against Jesus at his trial before the Jewish leaders was that of blasphemy;
Note:L ACCUSA DI PROCLAMARSI DIO IN QS CASO NN PESA

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claims which Jesus made were (if he was God Incarnate) claims which he had the right to make,
Note:NO BESTEMMIA

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Jesus Claimed to Be Divine
Note:Tttttttt

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it may simply mean ‘Messiah’ or even just ‘a righteous person’.
Note:QUANDO DIO DICE DI ESSERE DIO

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the words of Jesus are such as we would expect if Jesus did teach that he was divine.
Note:TESI...OPINIONE D MINORANZA...

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Jesus did not say explicitly and openly during his earthly life (before whatever happened after his Crucifixion) ‘I am God’.
Note:ORTODOSSIA

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This is a difficult concept to grasp.
Note:MOTVO X CUI J NN AVREBBE PRFOCLAMATO APEDRTAMENTE LA SUA DOPPIA NATURA

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would have been understood as a claim to be a pagan god,
Note:INOLTRE

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identification of a contemporary historical figure with God would have been inconceivable
Note:INCOMPRENSIBILE

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he proclaimed his divinity more openly after his Resurrection
Note:SENSATO

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to baptize ‘in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit’
Note:IL COMANDO AGLI APOSTOLI

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Matthew’s Gospel records that disciples ‘worshipped’ Jesus;
Note:DOPO RESURREZ

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quoting the Old Testament command ‘Worship the Lord your God and serve only him’,
Note:NEI VANGELI POST RESU

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I think that Jesus did claim divinity by his actions and (implicitly) by his words during his earthly life.
Note:IPOTESI SOLIDA

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blasphemy.
Note:E INFATTI L ACCUSA FU

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‘You will see the Son of Man [a term which Jesus used elsewhere to refer to himself] seated at the right hand of power’, and ‘coming with the clouds of Heaven’,
Note:QUEL CHE DOSSE DI ESSERE A CAIFA...UNA FIGURA ALTISSIMA

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Caiaphas responded with ‘You have heard his blasphemy.
Note:REAZIONE

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witnesses testified that Jesus said that he would or could destroy the Temple and build in three days ‘another Temple not made with hands’.
Note:TESTIMONI A PROCESSO

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Mark described this accusation as ‘false’.
Note:ANCHE SE

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Another way in which Jesus made his claim to divinity was by forgiving sins.
Note:ALTRO INDIZIO CHE PROCLAMÓ LA SUA DIVINITÀ

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Jesus showed himself to be fully human, acting in ignorance and weakness, and being subject to temptation.
Note:COME AFFERMÒ LA SUA UMANITÀ

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Jesus Claimed to Make Atonement for Human Sins
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

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Jesus gave to his disciples bread and wine with the words ‘This is my body’ and ‘This is my blood’.
Note:ULTIMA CENA

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Jesus Provided Plausible ‘Revealed’ Teaching on God and Morality
Note:Tttttttttttt

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Jesus assumed in his teaching that God was the all-powerful, all-knowing creator of the world. He taught people that God loves them,
Note:IL DIO PROCLAMATO DA GESÙ

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the Ten Commandments
Note:SOSTENUTI DA GESÙ

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The observance of prayer, fasting, and almsgiving
Note:ALTRO INVITO

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Jesus did, however, teach that following himself was more important than observing the Law;
Note:L INSEGNAMENTO ULTIMO

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the way of living towards God and our fellows which Jesus commended is a good way to live.
Note:VITA XFETTA

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it is unclear just how much of Jesus’s teaching concerns our moral obligations and how much is simply advice about how to become morally perfect,
Note:UNA DIST DIFFICILE...CATTOLICI PROT

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God has the right to command us to do certain actions which would not be otherwise obligatory,
Note:COSA CI ATTENDIAMO DALL UOMO DIO

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Jesus told the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10: 29–37), with its clear message that one’s neighbour is anyone,
Note:UN COMANDO IMPEGNATIVO

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one very detailed new piece of instruction on our moral obligations. This concerns divorce.
Note:SUL DIVORZIO

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absolute ban
Note:MARCO

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except in the case of ‘unchastity’
Note:MATTEO

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Jesus taught that there will be a ‘Parousia’, that is, the world will come to an end
Note:PARUSIA

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there would be a ‘Last Judgement’,
Note:GIUDIZIO

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divide the good from the bad.

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The standard of behaviour for getting to Heaven was a high one.
Note:PASS X IL PARADISO

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separation of the good and the bad would be permanent.
Note:INFERNO

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Jesus’s parable of two slaves:
Note:IL DESTINO DEI PREMATURI

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who did not know and did what deserved a beating will receive a light beating’
Note:RIPROVVA

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no Hell for those who do not fully realize

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Jesus is reported to have said some things relevant to the doctrine of the Trinity,
Note:TRINITÀ

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explicit assertion of the doctrine of the Trinity would without any doubt have been understood as a proclamation of the polytheism
Note:XCHÈ TANTA CAUTELA SULLA TRINITÀ

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Jesus nevertheless clearly distinguished himself sharply from God the Father.
Note:TUTTAVIA

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there is much material in the New Testament about the work of the Holy Spirit,
Note:ALTRO FATTORE

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Jesus Founded a Church
Note:Tttttttttttttt

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there were twelve chief followers
Note:CHIARO

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though the lists of the Twelve in the Gospels differ slightly

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twelve tribes deriving from twelve tribe-founding individuals.
Note:GIÀ ISTAELE

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Jesus or the Holy Spirit would continue to guide the Church
Note:VARI PASSAGGI

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Conclusion
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