Notebook per
Treating Sex Work as Work
Citation (APA): McNeill, M. (2016). Treating Sex Work as Work [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com
Parte introduttiva
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 2
Treating Sex Work as Work By Maggie McNeill
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 10
capuchin monkeys
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offer a female one of the coins in exchange for sex.
Nota - Posizione 12
ED È SUBITO PROSTITUZ
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“the world’s oldest profession”
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has even been observed among chimpanzees.
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Males tend to want sex much more frequently than
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 15
where a demand exists
Nota - Posizione 16
.....
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sex has traditionally been viewed as sacred,
Nota - Posizione 16
SACRALITÀ
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always been an area authoritarians felt especially compelled
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most of the sellers were female and most of the buyers male1
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virtually all political power was concentrated in the hands of the client class.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 20
We no longer live in a time when power depends upon gender, nor one in which coitus runs an uncontrollable risk of creating unwanted offspring, yet our laws regarding prostitution are still solidly anchored in the era when those conditions prevailed.
Nota - Posizione 21
x OGGI
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T
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Terminology
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criminalization, the act of selling sex itself is illegal;
Nota - Posizione 34
PRIMO MODELLO
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The United States and several communist and recently-communist countries are the only large nations which have full criminalization,
Nota - Posizione 35
x PAESI CHE CRIMIN
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Nordic model),
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only the act of paying for sex is de jure prohibited.
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legalization.
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The act of taking money for sex is not illegal in and of itself; rather, certain activities associated with it are.
Nota - Posizione 39
LEGALIZZAZIONE. PAESI LATINI
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living on the avails of prostitution”) is illegal,
Nota - Posizione 40
PAPPONI
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maintaining a place specifically for the purpose of selling sex
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So a woman who advertises on the Internet,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 43
specific activities prohibited under legalization schemes vary widely
Nota - Posizione 43
LEGALIZZAZIONE VARIA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 45
in some there are so many prohibitions the act itself becomes de facto illegal,
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The third model, decriminalization, is at present found only in New Zealand and the Australian
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 48
Under this system, sex work is recognized as a form of work like any other, and therefore not subject to any laws that do not bind other businesses.
Nota - Posizione 49
x DECRIMIN
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regulated by zoning
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responsible for taxes
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compensation programs,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 51
neither of the two named jurisdictions has absolute decriminalization
Nota - Posizione 51
NESSUNO DECRIMINALIZZA COMPLETAMENTE
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(prohibiting those under 18 from working,
Nota - Posizione 55
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 55
History
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For most of history, sex work was generally unregulated;
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 56
Some jurisdictions might require registration
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 57
limit the activity to specific areas;
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 57
allowed brothels to open only at night
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banned street work
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forbade sex workers from ever marrying,
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until the Reformation, the official position of the Catholic Church was that prostitution was a “necessary evil”
Nota - Posizione 63
MALE NECESSARIO
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St. Augustine
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until the nineteenth century almost nobody imagined that prohibition could be done, let alone that it should.
Nota - Posizione 70
DOVERE POTERE
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not intended to preclude pragmatic motivations for sexual behavior, but rather to keep up appearances, guard the purity of bloodlines, and maintain public order.
Nota - Posizione 74
LEGGI IN VIGORE
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For most of the century the prevailing view was that women who took money for sex were congenitally defective,
Nota - Posizione 80
1800
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in the 1880s the idea arose that most or even all were forced into the profession by evil men.
Nota - Posizione 80
SCHIAVE
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laws started to appear,
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“protecting” women from exploitation
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“white slavery” hysteria was in full swing.
Nota - Posizione 83
900
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Progressives were determined to “rescue” women from the clutches of the “pimps” who were abducting them by the thousands from homes, railway stations, and dance halls, and for the first time in history the act of taking money for sex was itself criminalized on a large scale.
Nota - Posizione 85
x CONTRO LA TRATTA
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moral panic
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Laws which had never been considered even advisable were now considered indispensable,
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Harm Magnification
Nota - Posizione 90
T
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sex work is unique among all forms of work;
Nota - Posizione 91
ASSUNTO
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sexist view of women as particularly fragile and vulnerable,
Nota - Posizione 92
assunto oggi
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paying for sex is a form of male violence
Nota - Posizione 93
SVEZIA. COLPE AL CLIENTE
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unable to give valid consent, just as an adolescent
Nota - Posizione 95
DONNA
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The man is thus defined as morally superior
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In one case, a 17-year-old boy (a legal minor in Sweden) was convicted under the law, thus establishing that in the area of sex, adult women are less competent than male children.
Nota - Posizione 99
x CASO
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One would expect that feminists would be vehemently opposed to a law that so thoroughly infantilizes women, but it was first enacted in 1999 under pressure from state feminists;
Nota - Posizione 100
x FEMMINISTE SVEDESI
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increase both violence and stigma against sex workers,
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EFFETTI PENA AL CLIENTE
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neither the incidence of sex work (voluntary or coerced) nor the attitude of the public toward it has changed measurably in any country (Sweden, Norway and Iceland)
Nota - Posizione 110
ALTRE CONEGUENZE
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“war” on consensual behavior,
Nota - Posizione 133
T
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In any discussion of sex work, there will always be voices calling for it to be “legalized and heavily regulated”;
Nota - Posizione 135
L OBIEZIONE
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harsh legalization requirements simply discourage sex workers from compliance.
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It is estimated that over 80% of sex workers in Nevada, 90% of those in Queensland, 95% of those in Greece and 97% of those in Turkey prefer to work illegally rather than submit to the restrictive conditions their systems require, and those figures are typical for “heavy” legalization regimes.
Nota - Posizione 140
x COMPLIANCE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 143
people might not want to be on a list for an activity which is legal, but still stigmatized
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in the United Kingdom women who share a working flat for safety are often prosecuted for “brothel-keeping” and, in a bizarrely cruel touch, for “pimping” each other (because they each contribute a substantial portion of the other’s rent).
Nota - Posizione 149
x TIPICO CASO DI PERVERSIONE CREATA DALLE REGOLE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 149
In India, the adult children of sex workers are sometimes charged with “living on the avails,” thus making it dangerous for them to be supported by their mothers while attending university.
Nota - Posizione 151
x ALTRO CASO
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A 2012 study by the Kirby Institute
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…reforms that decriminalized adult sex work have improved human rights; removed police corruption [and] netted savings for the criminal justice system… International
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systems that require licensing of sex workers or brothels have consistently failed
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they always generate an unlicensed underclass…[ which] is wary of and avoids surveillance
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licensing is a threat to public health…
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decriminalization of sex work as the best way to protect sex workers’ rights and health;
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There is a popular belief, vigorously promulgated by anti-sex feminists and conservative Christians, that sex work is intrinsically harmful, and therefore should be banned to “protect” adult
Nota - Posizione 177
x PATERNALISMO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 177
Ole Moen
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Prostitution Harmful?”,
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the same thing was once believed about homosexuality;
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problems were not caused by homosexuality itself; they were the result of legal oppression
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Dr. Moen suggests that the same thing will happen with sex work,
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“Only rights can stop the wrongs.”
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Responses to Weitzer, Post, and Wagner: Don’t Be Swayed by Exaggerated Claims
Nota - Posizione 198
T
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the result of many legalization schemes is de facto criminalization;
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there are so many prohibitions the act itself becomes de facto illegal.”
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I do not agree that sex work is a “special case” requiring special laws
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Examples of restrictions I would accept would be disallowing sex businesses from hiring legal minors,
Nota - Posizione 238
OK
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reasonable zoning and advertising restrictions no more onerous than those for other businesses.
Nota - Posizione 239
OK
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 241
slapping a pejorative label (such as “pimping”) on behavior that would be legal if conducted in any other context
Nota - Posizione 242
KO
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When was the last time anyone was convicted for “living on the avails” of a manicurist or secretary?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 244
some regulations on street prostitution,
Nota - Posizione 244
Ok
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police might very well issue a ticket
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ask street workers to disperse
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they would do the same for all others engaging in those same behaviors.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 251
I would accept brothel licenses being denied for past convictions (not mere accusations) involving brothels,
Nota - Posizione 252
LICENZE NEGATE
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doctors convicted of gross malpractice should be denied medical licenses.
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that isn’t the same as saying a man convicted of marijuana possession at 21 should be denied a brothel license at 40
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Dianne Post
Nota - Posizione 260
T
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“the radical feminist stance against prostitution is based on the lived realities of women,”
Nota - Posizione 266
NEGAZIONE: LE FEMINISYE NN CI RAPPRESENTANO
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we suffer from the malady Marxists label “false consciousness.”
Nota - Posizione 268
FALSA COSCIENZA DELLE PROST
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Large sex worker organizations in many countries support decriminalization
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not limited to developed nations
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The world’s largest sex worker rights organization, Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee (DMSC), is based in West Bengal, India, and given that it has over 65,000 members, it strains credulity to suggest that this group is “unrepresentative” of Indian sex workers. Similar organizations are found in Cambodia, Thailand, South Korea, and a number of African countries,
Nota - Posizione 274
X ESEMP DI ORG TERZO MONDO
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It hardly seems productive to attempt to refute Ms. Post’s contention that sex workers are unable to make “truly” free choices,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 280
Dr. Melissa Farley,
Nota - Posizione 280
FEMMINISTA ANTI PROST
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is well-known for selecting unrepresentative convenience samples
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(such as street workers in prison or forced drug rehabilitation)
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represent less than 15%
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 296
Dr. Farley is also the source of the now-ubiquitous “the average sex worker debuts at 13”
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average age at debut for underage workers (a group making up only 3.5% of all sex workers) was 16,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 303
The only mention of “13” in the study Dr. Farley
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reported first (noncommercial) sexual contact of any kind;
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 305
Dr. Farley tried to claim that “Māori women were entering prostitution as young as 9 years old” because two of her subjects had reported juvenile sexual contact at that age.
Nota - Posizione 307
x MAORI
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The claim that “the average age of death for a prostitute is 34” is derived from
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nobody who wasn’t murdered was included in the figure.
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It’s like using the average age of dead soldiers in a war to proclaim “the average man who joins the military dies at 21.”
Nota - Posizione 316
x ANALOGIA ETÀ DELLKA MORTE
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the popular myths that “pimps take all the money”
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“nearly eighty percent of prostituted women report a history of child abuse”
Nota - Posizione 321
ABUSI
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derives from a 2004 study of incarcerated street workers
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actually claimed 45% reported abuse;
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Ms. Post is claiming that a person who has experienced such abuse can never again consent to either sex or employment,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 325
legalization increasing “trafficking,”
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The first is the deeply flawed Neumayer, Cho, and Dreher study, which failed to even define the term “trafficking” in any way which would allow statistical comparison. The second is the increasingly conservative political establishment in the Netherlands, which is so desperate to seize the valuable land in Amsterdam’s legendary red-light district that it is willing to promote a known fake as an “expert” and to contradict the findings of its own 2010 study which found that only 10% of sex workers were involved in what it broadly defined as “wrongs” (including coercion).
Nota - Posizione 336
x STUDI FALSI
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prohibitionists insist on claiming that the majority of sex workers are coerced
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Surveyed sex workers (even in so-called “hotbeds” of “trafficking” like Cambodia) consistently report coercion rates below 2%, which is very similar to the fraction of women in the general population who report an abusive or controlling boyfriend or husband;
Nota - Posizione 348
x COERCIZIONE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 360
the fact that a fraction (probably larger than the fraction of coerced sex workers) of garment workers, agricultural workers, and domestic workers labor under exploitative conditions is not greeted with a demand that the buying of clothing, farm produce and domestic services be criminalized.
Nota - Posizione 362
x ANALOGIA SULLO SFRUTRAMENTO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 366
Protestant model of “sexually pure and pious womanhood.”
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The majority of “anti-trafficking” groups are faith-based,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 368
The founder of Shared Hope International, one of the largest “anti-trafficking” organizations, has even stated that “efforts to stop the sell [sic] and trade of minors in the sex industry should be an extension of the ‘pro-life’ cause.”
Nota - Posizione 371
x BENZI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 378
“each year, 250,000 juveniles… are subjected to commercial sexual exploitation.”
Nota - Posizione 378
MITO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 378
This myth is a distortion of a shaky estimate from the Estes & Weiner study of 2001, which actually expressed it as the number of “children, adolescents and youth (up to 21) at risk of sexual exploitation.”
Nota - Posizione 381
x ESSERE A RISCHIO
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Two of the so-called “risk factors” were access to a car and proximity to the Canadian or Mexican border.
Nota - Posizione 384
c
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Estes himself estimated the number of legal minors actually abducted into “sex slavery” as “very small… We’re talking about a few hundred people.”
Nota - Posizione 387
c
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my comparing “sex trafficking” survivor narratives to the now-discredited accounts from the Satanic ritual abuse hysteria of the ‘80s and ‘90s, saying
Nota - Posizione 394
X ANALOGIA PROVOCATORIA TRA TESTIMONIANZE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 396
experiences of sex workers (like those of every other kind of person) are as varied as the human beings who experience them. But that isn’t what we see in “trafficking survivor” narratives;
Nota - Posizione 397
OMOGENEITÀ SOSPETTA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 397
strong convergence one would expect from the action of group
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 399
“Survivors” may enter the “anti-trafficking” movement with different experiences and different views on the matter,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 400
coached by the movement’s leaders
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(a process described by activist Jill Brenneman as “reframing experiences”),
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 402
adhere more closely to the “official” narrative.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 403
impossibilities such as the claim of having seen 50 clients per day,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 406
embellishment
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a girl whose eye was supposedly “gouged out by a pimp” was shown to have lost it to a tumor,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 409
phenomenon of narrative convergence among “trafficking survivors”
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 418
majority of these problems, where they do exist, are not intrinsic to the work, but derive from criminalization.
Nota - Posizione 419
MINORE ETÀ COERCIZIONE TRAYTTA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 420
When alcohol was criminalized, a host of terrible phenomena suddenly appeared in conjunction with its sale;
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 423
A Baffling Response
Nota - Posizione 423
T
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references the Australian ideologue Sheila Jeffreys,
Nota - Posizione 437
PROIBIZIONISMO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 439
her book The Idea of Prostitution),
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 442
Jeffreys has also described heterosexual feminists as “enemy collaborationists”
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 442
decried heterosexuality as “the basis of oppression of women by men.”
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 443
Julie Bindel,
Nota - Posizione 443
ALTRO RIFRRIMENTO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 443
a British journalist who derides respecting the sexual agency of adult women as “fun feminism,” has repeatedly attacked transgender people and, like Farley and Jeffreys, is not exactly known for her honesty.
Nota - Posizione 448
X BINDEL
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 458
Ms. Post felt compelled to attack a legalization model which I don’tsupport
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 463
the 19th-century notion that sex workers spread disease
Nota - Posizione 464
MITO OTTOCENTESCO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 465
rates are consistently lower than those in the non-celibate sector
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 467
false claim that the violence associated with criminalized sex work derives from the sex rather than the criminality,
Nota - Posizione 468
ALTRO MITO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 476
Privileging Fantasy over Reality
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 485
why the reader should accept her flat statement that the exchange of money somehow transforms a perfectly normal act that few would consider intrinsically harmful
Nota - Posizione 486
x POTERE DEL DENARO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 490
overwhelming majority (about 98%, as I explained in my lead essay) of sex workers make the best choice available to them
Nota - Posizione 491
LA SCELTA MIGLIORE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 491
no more or less constrained than the choices of other men and women from similar backgrounds.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 494
comparison to slavery,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 495
slavery is unpaid labor,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 498
Indeed, it is not unusual for sex workers to half-jokingly criticize other women for giving their sexual favors away rather than charging for them;
Nota - Posizione 499
x SPIRITO TRA PROST
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women who don’t charge suffer from “false consciousness,”
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 503
they are “victims” in need of “rescue,”
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 503
unpaid sex is a form of rape,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 506
pleasure, love, intimacy, gratitude, excitement, spiritual fulfillment, money, or any other reason,
Nota - Posizione 506
X MOTIVI DELLA PRESTAZ
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 506
Ms. Post asks us to believe that the one single motive, money, is somehow “wrong”
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 507
commercial exchanges are inherently demeaning to women,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 508
it’s unclear how hiring oneself for sex could be any worse than hiring oneself as a writer, advocate, or teacher.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 512
its terms are usually negotiated much more clearly
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 514
consensual behavior of individuals has some mystical negative effect on people who do not know them
Nota - Posizione 514
POSIZIONE PATERNALISTA
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violent abrogation of their personal autonomy is necessary
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 515
advancement of abstractions like “The Faith” or “national pride”; in this case it’s “the equality of women.”
Nota - Posizione 516
ASTRAZIONI
Nota - Posizione 517
L ENTE ASTRATTO OFFESO DALLA PROSTITUZIONE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 517
Womankind,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 530
there are many who believe, as Post does, that the violent suppression of individual rights is a “price worth paying” to promote their personal ideas of morality
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 534
Concluding Thoughts
Nota - Posizione 534
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 548
criminalize sex work is not based on fact or even on partial information interpreted
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 549
it instead relies entirely upon irrational and quasi-religious beliefs
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 549
folk tales, unverifiable testimony from anti-prostitution crusaders, bogus research, misrepresentation, and outright lies.
Nota - Posizione 551
FONTI PROIB
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 559
tremendous sums of money are available for prohibitionist activity,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 560
prominent sex worker activists (such as myself) are already retired and therefore no longer have an economic “dog in the fight.”
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 569
voters have had precious little information on the reality of prostitution
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 570
decisions based on nothing but ignorance, religious morality,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 570
personal prejudice;
