sabato 3 febbraio 2018

8 BLAME

8   BLAME Blamestorming and the Moral of the Financial Crisis
Note:8@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,014
Persian Empire
Yellow highlight | Location: 3,022
How can a video game trick me into thinking that it is a person? I went into a store and paid money for a disk, which I stuck into a box of bolts attached to a video screen.
Note:BIAS...DA VIDEOGIOCO....QUI SI RACCONTA LA STORIA DI COME SI FINISCE X INSULTARE UN VIDEOGIOCO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,025
Our brains are wired to look for agency everywhere.
Note:ERRORE DELL ATTRIBUZIONE...SE QUALCOSA FA QUALCOSA È XCHÈ VUOLE FARLA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,026
HOW WE SEE THE WORLD
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,029
“What we thought was hard, things like playing chess, turned out to be easy, and what we thought was easy, things like recognizing faces or objects, which a child can do, that turned out to be much harder.”
Note:IL PROBLEMA IA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,035
Have you looked for hidden pictures in the wallpaper of your childhood bedroom, or faces in the clouds?
Note:OSSESSIONE BEN NOTA DI SCOVARE VOLTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,036
That’s your pattern recognition software calling order out of chaos.
Note:Cccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,038
What I described isn’t exactly what you saw, is it? You probably saw a white triangle
Note:GIOCHINO VISUALE...GUARDA LA FIGURA NEL LIBRO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,040
In our natural environment,
Note:CI SONO TRIANGOLI NON CUNEI.....ECCO SPIEGATO XCHÈ VEDI QUEL CHE VEDI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,043
“Coincidence avoidance”
Note:REGOLA DEL SISTEMA VISIVO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,044
If you show people an animated movie of one ball running into another and stopping, while the other ball rolls away, they will say that the first ball made the second one move.
Note:NOI VEDIAMO CAUSE VUNQUE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,048
Albert Michotte
Note:L ESPERTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,049
People described balls on a screen as “hitting,” “chasing,” and “following”
Note:ESPERIMENTO REALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,052
“We also seek out patterns in events,” says the scientist Bruce Hood in his recent book, SuperSense. “Our mind design forces us to see organization
Note:ALTRO BIAS CONNESSO CON QS

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,057
when unexpected disasters do occur, our intuitions push us to see a person and a plan, rather than some complex impersonal force. We start looking, in short, for someone to blame.
Note:UNA FORMA MOLTOL PARTICOLARE DEL BIAS....ANTIDOTO LA PREGHIERA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,058
THE “TRUTH” BEHIND THE CALAMITY
Note:Tttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,059
A few years back, I found myself embroiled in a long e-mail exchange with a 9/11 Truther.
Note:ESPERIENZA XSONALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,064
government is neither evil nor competent enough to have orchestrated the biggest terrorist attack
Note:LA SEMPLICE VERITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,076
“Okay, so it’s a controlled demolition,” says Asner.
Note:LA VERSIONE DI MOLTI TRUTHER

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,078
Controlled demolitions cannot be engineered and rigged in a day. It takes months.
Note:IL PROBLEMA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,087
no one reported noticing a team of demolition experts doing any such thing.
Note:CONTRO LA TESI COMPLOTTISTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,097
It wouldn’t have been that hard for the government to pull it off, came the response.
Note:FATTI FUORI I TESTIMONI...LA RISPOSTA SEMPRE PRONTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,103
By now I was muttering to myself and kicking my desk as I typed. I replied that I didn’t understand why explosives would have caused the site to burn for months.
Note:LA DISCUSSIONE TI INFIAMMA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,107
His views were essentially unfalsifiable;
Note:MORALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,118
Commercial airliners simply could not have generated either the force, or the heat, needed to bring those buildings down.
Note:ALTRO ARGOMENTO COMPLOTTISTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,119
refueling tankers, or perhaps cruise missiles.
Note:ALTERNATIVE PROPOSTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,120
distract your eye
Note:IL RUOLO DEGLI AEREI IN UN COMPLOTTOSMO ALTENATIVO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,121
high explosives, possibly placed there years before.
Note:LA CAUSA REALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,131
“What’s so interesting is that the Truthers never do this: picking up the phone, talking to actual experts—they
Note:COSA NN FANNO MAI I PSEUDO-ESPERTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,134
how the claims were assembled in the first place. They ranged from basic misunderstanding to seizing on early erroneous reporting.”
Note:ORIGINE DELLA TEORIA COMPLOTTISTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,142
Instead of being happy to learn that their government probably hadn’t orchestrated
Note:REAZIONE SORPRENDENTE...SI RESTA AFFEZIONATI ALLA PRIMA IMPRESSIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,152
I KNOW THERE’S A VILLAIN IN THERE SOMEWHERE
Note:Ttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,155
According to this theory, easy money from the Federal Reserve, and massive government backing for the mortgage market, caused a credit boom that drove markets to unsustainable heights.
Note:LE DUE NARRAZIONI DELLA CRISI....QUELLA DI DESTRA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,158
Then there were the Moochers: people who took too much risk because they knew that if push came to shove, the government would bail them out.
Note:Ccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,166
For starters, many of the banks that went bust did so in part because they had been “eating their own toxic waste”:
Note:QUALCHE PROBLEMA FATTUALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,169
Spain, for example, has no Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac to lend
Note:ALTRO PROBLEMA FATTUALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,173
And yet Spain’s housing bubble was even worse
Note:Ccccccccccf

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,178
crazy free market ideologues persuaded Congress and the president to deregulate
Note:VERSIONE SINISTRORSA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,179
stealing from the poor and gullible by selling outrageously oversize mortgages to financial naïfs
Note:LA VOGLIA MATTA DI PIAZZARE MUTUI A TUTTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,182
This narrative, like the conservative version, has its share of problems. For one thing, the financial naïfs weren’t all that naïve. “During the great housing bubble and bust, journalists spent a fair amount of time searching for the perfect mortgage victim,” writes David Leonhardt,
Note:PRIMO PROBLEMA FATTUALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,192
Progressives have nominated a few regulations—notably, the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of 1999, which repealed one of the last remnants of the 1933 Glass–Steagall Act, a ban on commercial banks owning investment banks. If the crisis had originated in hybrid firms like JPMorgan, which had both commercial banking and investment banking arms, this might be more convincing. But it didn’t. JPMorgan was fine—in
Note:BITTER FRUIT DI QUELLA MOSSA

Note | Location: 3,195
ALTRO PROBLEMA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,196
investment banks like Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, and Merrill Lynch—the
Note:Ccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,200
Neither of these narratives is all wrong—there
Note:SIA CHIARO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,204
What’s even more striking is that at bottom, they are the same story: everything used to be great, then some greedy fool changed the rules and ruined everything.
Note:IL MCD...LA PRESENZA DEL CATTIVO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,206
Christopher Foote, Kristopher Gerardi, and Paul Willen of the Fed
Note:CHI HA CERCATO UNA SPIEGAZIONE DIFFERENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,208
The financial crisis happened for the stupidest reason imaginable—no one thought that housing prices would fall as much as they did.
Note | Location: 3,209
LA CAUSA REALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,213
they didn’t believe it would happen.
Note:UNA NOTA ACCURATA DI LEHMAN DEL 2005

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,221
price credit risk
Note:OPERAZIONE DIFFICILE DOVE SPESSO SI SBAGLIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,233
Bankers were hardly the only people who thought they were geniuses who could turn guesses into gold. Entire academic careers were founded on what we used to call “the great moderation”: the idea that improved management of the money supply and the banking system by the Federal Reserve had essentially tamed the business cycle
Note:NN AVIDITÀ MA GNORANZA E ABUSO NELLA CONOSCENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,240
FINANCIAL GROUPIDITY
Note:Ttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,242
they had no idea this was coming.
Note:BANCHE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,242
guilty of insufficient imagination:
Note:NN AVIDITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,243
people basically shrugged and said, “If it gets that bad, we’re all so completely screwed that there’s no point planning for it.”
Note:AVVITATI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,245
bad positive feedback loops:
Note:ERRORI CHE MONTANO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,246
Vernon Smith,
Note:CHI LI HA STUDIATI IN LABORATORIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,249
Smith and his team were looking to see how prices emerged, but they found something unexpected: they got bubbles. Every time.
Note:REGOLA DELLA BOLLA...ESPERIMENTI CON LE MATRICOLE IN LABORATORIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,253
Only when you run it a third time do people start recognizing what is happening, and stop blowing bubbles.
Note:REGOLA DEL TRE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,258
they underestimated the probability that the bubble would pop.
Note:RIPETIAMO LA SPIEGAZIONE DI FOOT

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,260
they lost so much money in the crash.
Note:LA PROVA REGINA CHE L IGNORANZA SIA LA SPIEGA GIUSYA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,260
Fuld, the head of Lehman, is reported to have lost a billion dollars, and was forced to sell off his $25 million New York City apartment
Note:UN ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,264
Dick Fuld was forced out of the top slot at Lehman in a humiliating debacle, and has lost most of the wealth he gained over the course of his career in finance. That’s not fun, even if you’re still rich.
Note:ANCORA RICCO MA...

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,268
how often do you see it advanced in an op-ed, or pushed by a talking head on television news?
Note:LA TEORIA DELL IGNORANZA NN È COOL

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,270
THE AGENCY DETECTION MACHINE
Note:Tttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,271
Bruce Hood,
Note:STUDIOSO DEL CERVELLO INFANTILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,272
There are no random events
Note:CARATTERISTICHE DEL CERVELLO INFANTILE...1

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,273
Things are caused by intention.
Yellow highlight | Location: 3,274
Complexity cannot happen spontaneously
Note:2...3

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,275
“agency-detection device.”
Note:IL NOME DEL MECANISMO CHE SI ATTIVA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,278
One night not long ago, I spent five minutes trying to sneak up on my coat rack. I was alone in the house, and from the top of my stairs, the coat rack looked terrifyingly like a burglar surveying the booty.
Note:SAPETE CSA MI È CAPITATO IERI?

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,281
It is probably not very dangerous to mistake a rock for a saber-toothed tiger, but it is very dangerous indeed to mistake a tiger for a rock.
Note:L ANTENATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,285
Walter Olson calls “blamestorming.”
Note:LO STUDIOSO CHE BATTEZZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,290
Why do we need to do this?
Note:TROVARE UN CAPRO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,294
the number of people who think that by suggesting it, I am doing something reprehensible.
Note:CHI PROPONE LA CASUALITÀ È COMPLICE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,299
we tend to see culprits rather than complexity.
Note:RIBADIAMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,299
look for intention instead of randomness,
Yellow highlight | Location: 3,300
causation instead of chaos.
Note:Ccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,300
If nature abhors a vacuum, human reason abhors a coincidence.
Note:MOTTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,300
parents with autistic children became convinced that the vaccines their children had been given were causing it. The age at which autism is usually diagnosed is also the age at which kids in most Western countries are going through a heavy vaccination schedule.
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,304
we also tend to favor small, concrete stories over large ones. “Vaccines cause autism” has a lot more resonance than “some unspecified combination of environmental pollutants, infectious agents, and/or genetics is causing autism.”
Note:CCCCCCCCCC

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,309
no one wants to be at the mercy of the universe.
Note:VOGLIA DI CONTROLLO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,312
a universe where bad things sometimes happen
Note:L ALTERNATIVA AL CATTIVO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,313
THE ILLUSION OF CONTROL
Note:Ttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,315
TO CROSS STREET PUSH BUTTON
Note:ILLUSIONE CHE TRANQUILLIZZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,317
Longtime New Yorkers sort of suspected that they didn’t do anything. And still, they pushed. Dinner parties were riven by debates worthy of the Reformation over those buttons
Note:IL PULSANTE DEI SEMAFORI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,319
people who had been pushing those buttons for decades swore that the light turned after.
Note:HIHIHI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,321
the buttons had been disconnected decades before.
Note:LA CONFERMA DEL NYT

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,326
continued toward the button
Note:MA LA GENTE...

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,327
“Just in case,”
Note:LA GIUSTIFICA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,328
Ellen Langer has dubbed the illusion of control:
Note:IL BHATTESIMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,332
less stress if they believe
Note:BENEFICI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,337
low-ranking civil servants are much more likely to die
Note:I SUBORDINATI CREPANO PRIMA...NN CONTROLLANO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,344
how much control you had over your workday,
Note:VARIABILE CHIAVE.... L IMPREVISTO TI AMMAZZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,352
Finding someone to blame
Note:CI FA BENE MA NN RISOLVE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,354
SCAPEGOATS AND THE RUSH TO JUDGMENT
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,358
DNA testing
Note:LA SCOPERTA DI MOLTI ERRORI GIUDIZIARI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,370
stranger rapes, the assault or murder
Note:PIÙ UN CRIMINE È ORROBILE PIÙ CRESCONO LE POSSIBILITÀ DI ERRORE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,371
lot of pressure to find the perpetrator.
Note:CAUSA PROB DEGLI ERRORI

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,378
Once they’re focused, they stop “looking for suspects”
Note:QUEL CHE SUCCEDE ALL INVTIGATORE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,381
extraordinarily prone to confirmation bias.
Note:TIPICO

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,393
Why do hard-line law-and-order prosecutors fight so hard against groups like the Innocence Project? The project does DNA testing at its own expense; it costs the taxpayer nothing. And many times they end up affirming the prosecution’s case.
Note:UNA GUERRA INSPIEGABILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 3,408
“It’s staggering how organized they think the world is,”
COME VEDE I CATTIVI IL COMPLOTTISTA