4. IS WORK FUN?

4. IS WORK FUN?
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Worker exploitation is one of the oldest charges levied at capitalism,
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there is established evidence that unemployment is worse for your health than working.
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productive work is one of the most fulfilling sides of our lives. For the most part, it makes us happier, better adjusted, and better connected to the social world. It gives balance to our home lives. It helps us realize who we are as human beings. This is one of the subtler ways in which capitalism is a creator—namely, a creator of our better selves.
Note:TESI

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If you said to a friend (or, rather, an ex-friend), “Being with you is work,” it would not be an entirely positive comment.
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Business is like the parent who tells you that you can’t have everything you want all the time.
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Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman and economist Alan Krueger measure our “daily affective experiences” by having people wear beepers that go off at irregular intervals, at which time the people record what they are doing and their feelings.
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The study thus considers both momentary pleasure and the overall feeling of satisfaction from a life well spent, because happiness isn’t just a single thing with a unidimensional scale.
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intimate relations, socializing, relaxing, and prayer/worship/meditation.
Note:RISULTATI....LE ATTIVITÀ PIÚ APPAGANTI

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watching TV, preparing food, and talking on the phone,
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childcare, computer/email/internet, housework, working, and—dead last—commuting.
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But that doesn’t mean we don’t like work; it only means we like other things better.
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Consider also that the same data set shows people spending 6.9 hours a day working, whereas prayer/worship/meditation is done only about 24 minutes a day.
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Presumably that is because you are paid to work but not paid to pray.
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Furthermore, work is often an important pathway toward both intimate relations and socializing,
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women in this study were polled only on workdays. Had they been polled on weekends, perhaps work would seem a bit more welcome
Note:WEEK END

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Some of what we do, such as caring for our children, seems more important for lifetime satisfaction than for fun in the moment,
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Work provides us with a lot of what we value in life, including affirmation of our social worth,
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Many jobs are creative: 82 percent of all workers report that their jobs consist mainly of “solving unforeseen problems on their own.”
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Another way to think about the non-pay-related benefits of having a job is to consider the well-known and indeed sky-high personal costs of unemployment.
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damages happiness and health well beyond what the lost income
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Andrew E. Clark and Andrew J. Oswald,
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unemployment is worse for individual happiness than divorce
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if we consider weekly work hours per American, that number rose from 22.34 in 1950 to 23.94 in 2000, hardly a sign of work falling out of fashion.
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preferences for work haven’t declined nearly as much as commentators had been predicting earlier in the twentieth century.
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The economist John Maynard Keynes, writing in 1930, famously predicted that by 2030 most individuals would be working no more than fifteen hours a week.
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he underestimated the pull of more money and the pleasures of work.
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he overestimated the value of leisure,
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A study by Sarah Damaske, Joshua M. Smyth, and Matthew J. Zawadzki asked 122 adults in a midsize American city in the Northeast to swab their cheeks six times a day to measure their levels of cortisol, which is considered to be a hormonal marker of stress levels.
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a majority of these individuals seemed to experience higher levels of stress at home than at work.
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women were more likely to report feeling happier at work,
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the “work as a safe haven” effect was stronger for poorer people.
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poorer individuals are more likely to have problems with divorce, spousal abuse, drug addiction in the family, children dropping out of school, and a variety of other fairly common social problems.
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workplace, however, is a partial equalizer here.
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poorer individuals found relatively greater solace in the workplace than did the richer individuals.
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in terms of psychological stresses, a lot of corporations are creating “safe spaces” for individuals who otherwise are facing some pretty seriously bad situations.
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the Kahneman and Krueger research generates a broadly similar result.
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The positive affect associated with the workday is not closely related to the features we usually associate with a “good” job.
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Here’s a simple and probably familiar story from Elizabeth Bernstein, writing in the Wall Street Journal. This narrative reflects how important work can be as a refuge and a hiding place:
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measure how much work time is associated with a feeling of “flow.”
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Hungarian American psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi,
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an integrated, dynamic feeling resulting from processing stimuli, responding to changes in a developing situation, and solving problems with some measure of success.
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sensation of flow is correlated with higher levels of motivation, cognitive efficiency, activation, and satisfaction.
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almost every night I felt real joy at wrapping a package of plums with great speed and efficiency, or putting the bananas away and giving the cart that little extra push into the refrigerator, with more speed than perhaps my manager would have found appropriate.
Note:IL FLOW DEL MAGAZZINIERE

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The data show that work tends to promote a state of flow.
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One study looked at workers from five large companies in Chicago.
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the individuals spent more time in the flow state while they were working than when they were doing leisure activities.
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most dimensions of experience were higher during the flow state, including motivation, activation, concentration, creativity, and satisfaction.
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work often provides a significant amount of social validation.
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the spouse and children and extended family are not always and in every way entirely grateful.
Note:AMBIENTE PIÙ STILE DOVE NN TE LO ASPETTI...IN FAMIGLIA MENO IPOCROSIA

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Work in some ways offers more approbation.
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Americans work with dozens or even hundreds of people, and they may have contact with a large number of customers or suppliers
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Work also can be satisfying because you’re paid to do it.
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If there is one thing we should have learned from Donald Trump’s 2016 campaign, it is that Americans want jobs. Trump’s rhetoric was directed toward jobs, jobs, jobs, and he didn’t talk much at all about redistribution or welfare.
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That is also one reason I have moved away from the idea of a guaranteed annual income;
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Work provides us with a tangible sense of progress, of improving.
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when we’re not moving up, we have something to aspire to.
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Work also provides people with access to human relationships.
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your work colleagues are not supposed to get too angry at you in public, they are not supposed to cry, and they are not supposed to burden you with all of their deepest or darkest desires, demanding that you clear up the mysteries of the universe for them.
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work also can be an important vehicle for helping others.
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earn millions or billions and give it away;
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people choose jobs that help other people:
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Many employers go out of their way to make their companies sources of worker dignity and satisfaction,
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ALL IS NOT PERFECT
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sexual harassment in the workplace
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the possibility of working outside the home has given women many more options for greater independence and reduced the net harassment
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Second, harassment appears to be at least as common outside the corporate sector as in it.
Note:INOLTRE...PENSA ALLA POLITICA

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It is striking that the first harassers to have to resign or otherwise cede power have been in the corporate world, not in politics.
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The culture of Washington also creates a worse environment for harassment whistleblowers than in the corporate world.
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Unlike in Hollywood, the women in Washington with power tend to be older, and the younger women
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a company with a history of harassing female employees has to pay a wage premium
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DO COMPANIES OPPRESS WORKERS THROUGH THEIR ECONOMIC MARKET POWER?
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critics, such as the philosopher Elizabeth Anderson, argue that workplace relations are fundamentally those of power and coercion,
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I see strong competitive pressures to treat workers better.
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The major reason wage growth has been so slow for decades is relatively slow productivity growth, not the power of employers.
Note:LA COLPA DEI BASSI SALARI

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If the boss buys a comfy chair for you or gives you a flexible schedule, those are in essence forms of compensation, but you are not paying any income or Social Security taxes on them.
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bosses treat workers too well and pay them too little.
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The particularities of health insurance, retirement benefits, and immigration status are often too closely tied to particular jobs, largely as artifacts of regulation and tax law.
Note:XCHÈ È DIFFICILE CAMBIARE LAVORO...SPESSO NN È COLPA DEL BUSINESS

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companies have the right to fire workers for their Facebook or other social media postings.
Note:ACCUSA...POCA LIBERTÀ INTELLETTUALE X IL LAVORATORE

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Unfortunately, a lot of workers put racist, sexist, or otherwise discomfiting comments and photos on their Facebook pages, on Twitter, or elsewhere. When employers fire them, very often it is to protect the freedom of the other workers
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the evidence indicates that the gains for workers and customers from a fairly high degree of firing discretion—not just the gains for bosses—outweigh those costs.
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look at co-ops owned and run by their workers, or worker-managed firms,
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labor-managed partnerships often give their workers less personal freedom.
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legal partnerships expected their owner-members to adhere to some fairly strict social and professional codes, including outside the workplace. Those were codes of dress, behavior, and public manners.
ESEMPIO