Fallacies physicists fall for
Citation (APA): Feser, E. (2018). Fallacies physicists fall for [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com
Parte introduttiva
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Fallacies physicists fall for By Edward Feser
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Hilary Putnam notes that “mathematically presented quantum-mechanical theories do not wear their ontologies on their sleeve… the mathematics does not transparently tell us what the theory is about.
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SCIENZA E ONTOLOGIA
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“Why bother imposing an ‘ontology’ on quantum mechanics at all?...
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LA REAZIONE DI MOLTI
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uantum mechanics has a precise mathematical language
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SUFFICIENTE
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we know how to use that language to make predictions
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Cccccccc
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return to the instrumentalism of the 1920s.
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DI FATTO
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in other contexts they are, I have observed, quite happy to talk about the same theories as descriptions of reality
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CHI PARLA COME SOPRA SI CONTRADDICE
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The metaphysical implications of relativity theory, or indeed of any theory in physics,
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NN LIMITATO A QM
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the same people will usually insist on a realist understanding of scientific theories
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POSITIVISMO STRUMENTALISMO E ALTRI ANTI REALISMI....CONTRADDIZIONE
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If you insist that nothing worthwhile can be said about any matter that is not susceptible of experimental testing, then you have indeed ruled out of bounds philosophical questions like the ones just referred to. But you have also thereby ruled out a realist interpretation of theoretical entities, because realism is not susceptible of experimental testing.
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SINTESI
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even instrumentalism itself is a philosophical thesis
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ALTRO PROBLEMA
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views like instrumentalism cannot be settled experimentally
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E POI....
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Scientism is simply not a coherent position.
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CONCLUSIONE
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if you think that these commitments are rationally justifiable ones– and of course, anyone beholden to scientism thinks his view is paradigmatically rational– then you are implicitly admitting that there can be such a thing as a rationally justifiable thesis which is not a scientific thesis. Which is, of course, what scientism denies.
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LA CONTRADDIZIINE
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So why is it so common?
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PERPLESSITÀ
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because it is so common and so simple.
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PRIMA SPIEGA...CONTAGIO
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Paradoxically, the very obviousness and prevalence of the fallacy keeps them from seeing it.
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IL PARADOSSO
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Then there is the element of pride. You have to be smart to do natural science.
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SECONDO ELEMENTO
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You are convinced that philosophers and other non-scientists have nothing of interest to say.
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QUINDI
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“Some religious nut is going to catch me out on a blatant fallacy? No way in hell! I refuse to believe it!”
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TIPICA REAZIONE
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third factor is that, though the fallacy is pretty simple, you have to have at least a rudimentary understanding of certain philosophical concepts– realism, instrumentalism, self-contradiction,
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TERZO ELEMENTO...L'ELEMENTO INCOMPEYTENZA
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defenders of scientism will, in response to the claim that extra-scientific philosophical commitments are unavoidable,
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UN ESEMPIO
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there is a special kind of bias to which those who detect bias in others are prone.
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IL BIAS BIAS DI PINKER
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when you are keen to ferret out biases in others, you are often blind to the biases that influence you as you do so.
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DEF
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paradox of rationality is that expertise, brainpower, and conscious reasoning do not, by themselves, guarantee that thinkers will approach the truth. On the contrary, they can be weapons for ever-more-ingenious rationalization.
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PARADOSSO DELLA RAZIONALITÀ
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“the major enemy of reason in the public sphere today… is not ignorance, innumeracy, or cognitive biases, but politicization”
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EFFETTO COLLATERALE
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These factors account for why defenders of scientism are often so dogmatic
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LA POLITICIZZAZIONE SPIEGA MOLTO
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Scientism has become a political cause,
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PURTROPPO
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it cannot be correct to say that we can have no rationally justifiable belief in what cannot be experimentally tested. This is most obvious in the case of mathematics.
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ALTRA CONTRADDIZIONE DEL POSITIVISMO...IL PROBLEMA CON LA MATEMATICA
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defenders of scientism are often willing to expand their conception of what counts as “science” to include mathematics.
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AL PUNTO CHE
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there are rational forms of discourse that don’t involve empirical testability.
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GLI STESSI POSITIVISTI AMMETTONO
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the thesis that empirical science and mathematics exhaust the genuine forms of knowledge is not itself a proposition of either empirical science or mathematics.
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DOPODICHÈ RIPARTE LA SECONDA PROP.
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consider the proposition that change occurs. We know this is true from experience. But that does not mean that it is empirically testable
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CI SONO POI GLIJ A PRIORI SINTETCI
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The thesis that change occurs is, accordingly, not falsifiable or empirically testable. And yet we know it from experience,
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Cccccccc
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Which is precisely what scientism denies.
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Cccccccc
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they conflate empirical with experimentally testable.
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POSITIVISMO...NOZIONE RISTRETTA DI ESPERIENZA...LIMITATA AI SENSI
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the proposition that change occurs is empirical in the sense that we know it via experience, but it is not experimentally testable or falsifiable.
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ESEMPIO
