Broncobilly: Rationalism, Pluralism, and Freedom Jacob Levy

mercoledì 7 dicembre 2016

Rationalism, Pluralism, and Freedom Jacob Levy

Rationalism, Pluralism, and Freedom

Jacob Levy

Citation (APA): Levy, J. (2016). Rationalism, Pluralism, and Freedom [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com

Parte introduttiva

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 2

Rationalism, Pluralism, and Freedom By Jacob Levy

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 6

Can rationalism and pluralism be reconciled in the liberal tradition?

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 7

How much authority is proper for intermediate groups?

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 9

Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 15

central tension you’ve identified within the liberal intellectual tradition

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 16

rationalism or pluralism.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 19

competing traditions within liberal thought.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 19

rationalizing state form as a way of bringing equality before the law

Nota - Posizione 20

PRIMA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 20

liberation from local tyrannies

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 20

through centralization and uniformity,

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 21

more confidence in the freedom that is to be found in voluntary associations,

Nota - Posizione 21

SECONDA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 22

churches, in cultural groups and in local and provincial levels of government,

Nota - Posizione 24

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 24

rationalism

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 24

protect the rights of individuals

Nota - Posizione 25

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 25

pluralism

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 26

freedom of association.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 30

The rationalist tradition though would look at a church and worry about the authority

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 31

power that a priest might hold over parishioners

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 31

religious tradition as such holds over say women

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 31

want the state to act against the religious tradition

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 33

I kept thinking of the Amish.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 37

they’re not libertarian. They’re not democrats. They’re not socialists. They have a bunch of different things

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 39

stop them from being oppressive

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 40

just let them flourish

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 40

We have a concern

Nota - Posizione 40

....

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 41

they’ve been indoctrinated

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 43

That’s what it means to be Amish, to live a life according to a very elaborate set of rules

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 44

expressed as chosen by the adult

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 44

You have to freely choose your way into baptism after you’re 18.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 46

the rules are very, very stringent.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 46

If they were the laws of the state, we would say that it was an extremely oppressive, tyrannical state.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 47

“This is really a very illiberal, conservative, restrictive society. These aren’t fully free people,”

Nota - Posizione 48

X LIBRRAL E AMISH

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 48

“These are people choosing a thing to do with their lives and the thing they’re choosing to do with their lives involves following norms, living according to values, and that’s one of the things that free people can do.”

Nota - Posizione 49

X CONSERVATORE AMISH

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 51

people are born into the community who come to know fewer and fewer choices over time.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 52

choose to leave well into adulthood is significantly compromised.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 54

Now what makes them both liberal then?

Nota - Posizione 55

LE DUE TRADIZ

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 55

They’re both concerned with the freedom of their members.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 57

It’s not the case that only if you recreate your life every day are you a free person. Free persons can make commitments.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 58

This is true in elementary of cases as free persons can sign contracts.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 61

There’s a sense in which the liberal looks at the Amish and says, “You’re not wholly free

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 62

How do we distinguish an intermediate group?

Nota - Posizione 63

ROSS

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 65

why do liberals say the state is not allowed to be oppressive potentially in these certain ways but the Amish are?

Nota - Posizione 66

ROSS

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 66

A lot of traditional answers here have to do with the coerciveness of states’ abilities to punish. An intermediate group normally within a liberal society, when faced with a member who refuses to obey the rules, has no punishment more extreme than say expulsion and shunning.

Nota - Posizione 67

x RISPOSTA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 68

expel a member.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 68

excommunicate

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 69

they don’t have prison sentences

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 80

the view that says states are just morally, magically, completely other.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 83

local governments and provincial governments are even closer to intermediate groups

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 89

a concern about where the slippery slope lies,

Nota - Posizione 89

COS È PIÙ PERICOLOSO

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 90

lies with the pluralistic tradition

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 90

lies with centralized power

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 91

just an emphasis about the dangers

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 92

we should think of the traditions in terms of where they view dangers.

Nota - Posizione 92

APPROCCIO 1

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 93

treat the two views as coming from utterly different value systems. One of them is individualistic and one is collective

Nota - Posizione 94

TRAD 2

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 94

that’s a serious mistake.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 94

Association is generated out of individual free choices

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 97

radical version of individual autonomy

Nota - Posizione 97

......

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 97

is ultimately incoherent because we are– none of us creating ourselves

Nota - Posizione 97

L ERRORE

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 98

We’re all socialized.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 98

idea of autonomy is wielded in very opportunistic and hypocritical ways

Nota - Posizione 98

IPOCRISIA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 99

you seem not to be autonomous because you’re doing what your parents

Nota - Posizione 100

L ACCUSA A TERZI

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 100

most of us do what our parents did most of the time.

Nota - Posizione 100

TRA PARENTESI

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 101

there aren’t different fundamental values.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 103

Under what kinds of social conditions you would expect to find really significant abuses

Nota - Posizione 103

LA VERA VERIFICA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 107

It’s not the case that states are always smaller or it’s not the case that states are always larger

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 108

lot of intermediate groups are transnational. The Roman Catholic Church is very much larger

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 110

exit is hard from the Catholic Church too. If you’re still a believer,

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 111

Well, what you do is voice.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 113

I don’t like Burger King. I leave Burger King. I go to McDonald’s.

Nota - Posizione 114

L EXIT DI HIRCHMAN

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 114

They don’t try to change Burger King

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 115

my relationship to my church isn’t really like that

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 118

We do try to exert some voice. We do try to change our intermediate organizations.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 125

do think it’s important to treat the state as being continuous with other kinds of groups

Nota - Posizione 126

STATO E GRUPPI GREPPIA OCIALI

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 126

It’s important not to treat it as a lot of philosophers often have, as being a kind of disembodied machine for the dispensing of justice

Nota - Posizione 127

CONCEZIONE DELLO STATO

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 128

states have patterns and dysfunctions

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 129

They’re populated by real people and they have histories.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 129

They haven’t always existed.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 131

significant bureaucratization and a significant push toward universalism

Nota - Posizione 132

TIPUCO DELLO STATO

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 132

Catholic Church is not prone to the same dysfunctions

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 133

We want to worry about excessive conservatism.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 135

trend toward radical centralization,

Nota - Posizione 135

DIFETTI DELLO STATO MA NN DELLA CHIESA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 135

radical uniformity

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 135

deep determination to know everything about the members

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 144

We need to have a rational order that guarantees a floor for everyone.

Nota - Posizione 144

IL TREND DELLA PREFERENZA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 145

feminist tradition has long attacked the family as the source of the problem.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 147

there’s something in philosophy in particular that tends to be attracted to the model of the state

Nota - Posizione 148

X LA TENTAZIONE DL NIRVANA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 148

they think of it as is the articulation of right reasons and we can’t give up on the enterprise of finding the right

Nota - Posizione 149

AYTRAZIONE DEL GIUSTO

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 151

They take the state for granted as being a transparent way to get the right

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 152

pluralist tradition has always emphasized is when states go wrong,

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 152

existence of a plurality of groups and sites and locations and organizations within society can provide a variety of kinds of counterbalancing, a variety of kinds of experimentation to find out what better rules are.

Nota - Posizione 154

x RESILIENZA DEL DIVERSO

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 154

an emphasis on pluralism as a discovery procedure.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 156

plenty aware of the pathologies of states and we treat them as part of the analysis.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 172

If you think that your side controls the central government and is going to go on controlling the central government, then you tend not to be supportive of federalism. You tend to think the central government will give us the answers

Nota - Posizione 174

x LA POLITICA OPPORTUNISTICA DI OGGI

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 175

Within a generation, we’ve gone from the federal Defense of Marriage Act and social conservatives who actively supported a constitutional amendment to ban same sex marriage even in states where DOMA hasn’t been passed at the state level to the reverse where now the conservative argument is well, let the last few states that haven’t legalized same sex marriage go on their way.

Nota - Posizione 177

x CONSERVATORI CENTRALISTI

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 178

conservatives will in particular be sympathetic to the claims of churches and religious groups

Nota - Posizione 179

CONSERVATORI PLURALISTI

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 180

Universities are an important kind of intermediate group.

Nota - Posizione 180

GRUPPI POCO CONSIDERATI

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 180

laws that are passed in a few states to mandate that universities allow people with concealed harry handgun permits to carry their guns

Nota - Posizione 181

ESEMPIO DI INTERFERENZA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 184

Like the Amish agree to not exercise a variety of their liberties, we could say in the classroom, we’re not going to exercise our liberty to carry handguns.

Nota - Posizione 185

AMISH E UNIVERSITÀ

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 189

I’m interested in first showing that medieval Europe,

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 189

generated a lot of what we now think of as intermediate institutions

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 193

before the state, there was quite a lot and quite a lot that we now think of as the pluralistic intermediate sphere.

Nota - Posizione 194

PRECEDENZA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 194

There wasn’t a state over it but those institutions did exist

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 197

What they want to do is to subjugate all of the other orders of society,

Nota - Posizione 197

COMPARSA DEGLI STATI

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 197

orderly and rational and taxable

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 198

eliminate the traditional rights to govern themselves

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 198

universities

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 198

cities

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 198

church

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 199

fight between the absolute monarchs and their critics.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 200

Such as the Stuart kings and the Whigs.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 202

constitution is the common law

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 202

in continental Europe, it is grounded obviously not in the common law but just in the traditional rights

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 204

This brings together groups that had not seen themselves as allies

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 204

The church and the cities

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 205

they discovered they have common cause

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 208

Hobbes

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 208

Locke

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 208

offering in different ways accounts of the justification of the state and of the modern state

Nota - Posizione 209

LO STATO GIUSTIFICATO

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 209

they wipe out everything else that isn’t normatively derived from the agreement

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 209

A church or a city or a university isn’t derived from that universal national agreement. It’s built on what its members have done. Their critics, the Whigs, the common lawyers, the ancient constitutionalists

Nota - Posizione 210

X GLI ESCLUSI DEL CONTRATTUALISMO

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 212

critics of the social contract

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 214

Each of these things has its own history

Nota - Posizione 214

NN TUTTO SI GIUSTIFICA NELLA STESSA MANIERA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 214

it is the duty of kings to respect the traditional laws

Nota - Posizione 215

IL PROTAGONISTA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 215

Montesquieu

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 221

Hobbes thinks that he has discovered a political science

Nota - Posizione 221

HOBBES E LA SCIENZA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 223

A lot of The Spirit of the Laws and history in sociology– and if you don’t know the proper nouns that he’s throwing around, if you don’t know the eras that he’s talking about, then some of it won’t make any sense and a part that do make sense, you won’t always understand why he’s talking about it at such length.

Nota - Posizione 225

x LO S DELLE L È INVECE UN ESPLORAZIONE EMPIRICA

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 226

one of the most influential books

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 227

More than Leviathan,

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 228

Montesquieu is interested in is the constraints that states face in trying to govern complicated societies.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 229

kings, they try to make their states simpler than they are.

Nota - Posizione 229

SEMPLIFICAZIONE DEL POTERE

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 230

he’s constantly making reference to complexity.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 232

thesis that commerce tends to soften barbaric mores and encourage peace

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 233

there’s an area of human activity that isn’t just the creation of deliberate decisions by state lawmakers.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 237

the book is about how the religious habits of the people, how the cultural habits of the people, how the traditions of the people, how the geography and climate of the society, how all of these things put constraints on what it is the lawmaker can hope to create

Nota - Posizione 238

x TESI DEL LIBRO

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 241

Scottish Enlightenment

Nota - Posizione 241

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 242

Adam Ferguson or Adam Smith

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 244

the debt that they owed to Montesquieu.

Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 260

He says over and over again of monarchies that they are constituted by their intermediate bodies.

Nota - Posizione 260

MONARCHIA