sabato 4 maggio 2019

2. Romani Law

2. Romani Law
Note:2@@@@@@@@@@@zingari

Yellow highlight | Location: 472
from three to fifteen million.
Note:QUANTI SONO

Yellow highlight | Location: 473
a population that left northern India about a thousand years ago.
Note:INDIANI

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claiming to be from Lesser Egypt in Greece on pilgrimage as penance for the temporary abandonment of Christianity by their ancestors.
Note:APPPARIRONO IN EU NEL 1400

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bearing letters of safe conduct from Sigismund giving them judicial autonomy, the right to be punished only by their own authorities.
Note:ATTRAVERSARONO L EU

Yellow highlight | Location: 479
Polylegal systems, systems in which different people in the same country were under different legal authorities,
Note:TIPICO DEL MEDIOEVO...VEDI EBREI

Yellow highlight | Location: 486
Romani x 3: Vlach Rom, Romanichal, Kalle
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Yellow highlight | Location: 492
Vlach Rom
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Yellow highlight | Location: 493
After serfdom was abolished in Romania in the 19th century many of the Vlach Rom emigrated.
Note:PRIMA SCHIAVI

Yellow highlight | Location: 495
Anne Sutherland
Note:L EPERTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 499
The basic unit is the familia: a couple, their adult sons,
Note:1

Yellow highlight | Location: 500
Above the familia is the vitsa, a larger kinship group descended from an ancestor some generations back.
Note:2

Yellow highlight | Location: 502
Above the vitsa is the Natsiya, nation.
Note:3

Yellow highlight | Location: 502
Machwaya, Lowara, Kalderasha and Churara.
Note:LE 4 NAZIONI

Yellow highlight | Location: 503
Marriage is by purchase,
Note:QUALCHE MIGLIAIO DI DOLLARI SBORSATO DALLE FAMIGLIE

Yellow highlight | Location: 504
While consent of bride and groom is required, it is up to a man’s parents to find him a wife and negotiate
Note:PRECSAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 506
she is expected to do much of the work of the household.
Note:RUOLI

Yellow highlight | Location: 506
As she produces children, her status in the household gradually rises.
Note:STATUS

Yellow highlight | Location: 506
parents retain the ability to cancel the marriage and retrieve their daughter;
Note:LA RESA DEL DENARO È OGGETTO DI CONFLITTI INFINITI

Yellow highlight | Location: 510
The geographical unit above the Familia is the kumpania. The original meaning seems to have been an encampment,
Note:LA NAZIONE È LEGATA ALLA PARENTELA

Yellow highlight | Location: 511
A Kumpania usually has a Rom Baro, a “Big Man,” who plays an important role in interactions
Note:IL BOSS CHE TRATTA CON LA POLIZIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 514
It may contain households of several vitsa, in which case its leader will probably be the leading figure of whichever vitsa has the most households.
Note:IL CAMPO

Yellow highlight | Location: 517
An unwelcome family can be reported to the police for crimes they did or did not commit,
Note:CAMPO CHIUSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 519
Legal System
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Yellow highlight | Location: 525
Obligations apply to fellow Rom not to outsiders, Gaje.
Note:DIRITTI E DOVERI

Yellow highlight | Location: 525
Swindling or stealing from a fellow Romani is an offense to be dealt with and uncommon,76 swindling or stealing from an outsider comes under Romania only to the extent that it creates problems for other Rom.
Note:FURTO E TRUFFA

Yellow highlight | Location: 531
There is no word for all men and women.
Note:ROM E NN ROM

Yellow highlight | Location: 533
Romani view the non-Romani population not as part of their society but as part of their environment.
Note:NATURA

Yellow highlight | Location: 535
Romani acted in a way that offended the locals and then left; the locals responded by punishing a second group of Romani for the offenses of the first. The second group’s response was to claim damages via a kris, a Romani court, from the responsible parties—not the locals who attacked them but the first group of Romani.
Note:UN CASO INTERESSANTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 539
an elaborate system of purity and pollution, Orthodox Judaism on steroids.
Note:MA LA CARATTERISTICA PRINCIPALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 540
clean from the waist up, unclean from the waist down.
Note:IL CORPO UMANO

Yellow highlight | Location: 541
different wash tubs are supposed to be used for men’s lower garments, men’s upper garments, women’s lower garments, women’s upper garments,
Note:LVATRICI DIFFERENZIATE

Yellow highlight | Location: 545
marimé is really two things, the state of being polluted and the status of ostracism due to being polluted.
Note:LA SPORCIZIA È CONTAGIOSA E IMPLICA ESCLUSIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 546
Because pollution is contagious and Gaje neither know nor follow the rules to prevent it, association with them is sharply limited.
Note:GAJE

Yellow highlight | Location: 550
A pregnant woman is expected to eat alone, consume food cooked in her own pots, and after childbirth destroy the garments she wore while pregnant.
Note:SESSO E ESCREMENT SONO ASSOCIATI COL BASSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 551
skirt tossing—exposing her genitals—obliging the victim to engage in costly procedures of purification.
Note:LA MALEDIZIONE

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Enforcement
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feud and the threat of ostracism
Note:LA PUNIZIONE PRINCIP

Yellow highlight | Location: 561
He retaliated with an approach common in Vlach Rom feuds, using the gaje authorities to impose costs on his opponent.
Note:LA DELAZIONE COME VENDETTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 565
The Rom often lie to each other about everyday matters, but they almost always lie to the gaje. There is no particular shame attached to lying to each other
Note:LA MANIPOLAZIONE COME ABILITÀ PRINCIPALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 573
My cross-checking technique was all the more acceptable since the Rom employ the same tactics with each other.
Note:LA TECNICA DELLE TRE CONFERME

Yellow highlight | Location: 576
When one party to a conflict is unable to force the other to yield, an alternative approach is avoidance.
Note:NOMADISMO

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had two judges, selected for their reputation, and a jury of twenty-five.
Note:KRIS....LA CORTE

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When a person is declared marime publicly, whether by a group of people (such as families in the kumpania) or more formally in a kris romani (trial), he is immediately denied commensality with other Rom.
Note:OSTRACISMO UNICA PENA

Yellow highlight | Location: 597
Ostracism is a way in which an embedded legal system, one that exists under the rule of a state with much greater resources of coercion than the community possesses, can function. Refusing to associate with someone is not illegal, so the marimé penalty can be enforced without coming into conflict with state law.
Note | Location: 599
GIUSTIZIA EMBEDDED

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Status
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Age is directly correlated with power and respect —
Note:ETÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 604
Within the kumpania, the sexes are largely segregated, males interacting with males, females with females.
Note:SESSISMO SPINTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 605
While both men and women may bring in money, women are viewed as the primary earners, often through fortune telling, men as their assistants.
Note:FONTI DEL PANE

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Outside of the family structure, the Romani are strikingly unwilling to engage in hierarchical relationships.
Note:EGALITARISMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 609
Legislation
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Yellow highlight | Location: 609
Romania is a combination of law, religion, and medical belief—violation
Note:LA LEGGE

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violation brings social sanctions but also bad luck and ill health.
Note:SANZIONI

Yellow highlight | Location: 617
Romanichal
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Yellow highlight | Location: 628
Kaale
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carry the Vlach Rom attitude towards the lower half of the body even further than other Romani, refusing to openly admit the facts of human reproduction.88
Note:RIMOZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 630
They have no institution of marriage. Couples that wish to reproduce are expected to first leave their family households, flee far enough away so that the woman’s kin cannot find them and retrieve her, and return only when their child is weaned
Note:MATRIMONIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 636
There can be no restrictions associated with menstruation since enforcing them would require recognition of the fact of menstruation, and similarly with pregnancy.
Note:EFFETTI DELLA RIMPZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 647
There is no equivalent of the court procedures or arbitrated settlements that terminated Icelandic feuds.
Note:INFINITE

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feud mostly takes the form not of violence but of avoidance—of
Note:FAIDE NN VIOLENTE

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Explaining the Differences
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Thomas Acton, Susan Caffrey, and Gary Mundy, the authors of Chapter 3 of Gypsy Law
Note:ESPERTI SOTTO

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the ability, when all else fails, of one party to walk out on the other and their dispute; absent that, the risk of serious violence becomes too large.
Note:UNA DIFFERENZA CHE SI RIPERCUOTE SULLA TRADIZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 660
the period of four centuries during which the Vlach Rom were enserfed in Romania.
Note:STORIA...ECCEZIONE AL LORO ENDEMICO NOMADISMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 661
the feud system represents the original institution, the kris and associated institutions an adaptation to the special circumstances of serfdom
Note:PROBABILMENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 663
Marushiakova and Popov,
Note:NN SONO D ACCORDO

Yellow highlight | Location: 672
Some Romani were tied to the land but others remained mobile, owing annual dues to their owner91 but with a considerable degree of both freedom and legal autonomy.
Note:DURANTE LA SCHIAVITÙ

Yellow highlight | Location: 684
The Vlach Rom law enforcement system depends on a crucial feature of the marimé rules: contagion. The fact that marimé is contagious makes it in the private interest of each individual Rom to shun anyone infected with it.
Note:IPOTESI LEESON X SPIEGARE LE DIFFERENZE

Yellow highlight | Location: 687
Since all non-Rom are carriers of marimé, the fact that it is contagious also blocks interaction with non-Rom and so makes the individual Rom dependent on his ability to associate with his fellow Rom. Thus contagious marimé solves, for the Vlach Rom, some of the problems of enforcing rules
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Yellow highlight | Location: 691
There are, Leeson argues, two major sources of intra-Rom conflict among the Vlach Rom—marriage relations, in particular disputes over the return of bride price when a marriage fails, and economic associations beyond the familia, the extended family. Neither exists among the Kaale. With no institution of marriage there is no issue of bride price. With economic interaction almost entirely within, not across, households, there are few opportunities for disputes across households.
Note | Location: 694
LA SITUAZIONE KAAL È BEN DIVERSA...PRESSO DI LORO NN ESISTE CONTAGIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 697
The Kaale, with less need for mechanisms to enforce rules outside the household, have no institution of kris.
Note:CONCLUSIONE

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“In private a woman may step over her husband’s clothes, pass in front of him, or touch him with her skirts, but she would be very ashamed to do this in public,
Note:IL CONTAGIO NN SEMBRA CREDUTO REALMENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 707
Defensive Strategy
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Yellow highlight | Location: 710
Romani do not wish to be controlled by gaje.
Note:IL SEGRETO È X LORO UNA FORMA DI PROTEZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 712
Romani, at least the Vlach Rom, the largest and most studied group, treat a name used in dealing with outsiders as fungible,
Note:IL NOME USATO X NN FARSI MONITORARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 715
although the Nazis targeted Romani as well as Jews for extermination, they seem to have been considerably less successful in the former case.
Note:QUESTA CAPACITÀ DI SFUGGIRE SPIEGA MOLTE COSE....OLTRE 3/4 DI LORO SI SALVARONO

Yellow highlight | Location: 719
centuries of experience in avoiding the prying questions of outsiders,
Note:LA VIRTÙ

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They delight in deceiving the gajo, mostly for a good reason, but sometimes just for the fun of it or to keep in practice.
Note:Cccccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 721
Anonymity and invisibility combined with intense secretiveness
Note:Ccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 723
officially they do not exist.
X MOLTI REGISTRI