Notebook per
MY PATH TO OPEN BORDERS
Citation (APA): Caplan, B. (2014). MY PATH TO OPEN BORDERS [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com
Parte introduttiva
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 1
MY PATH TO OPEN BORDERS bryan caplan
Nota - Posizione 1
La libera immigrazione non è che libero commercio applicato al lavoro La libera immigrazione: aumenta la ricchezza globale e abbassa la diseguaglianza globale Inconvenienti? Psicologici: la povertà e la diseguaglianza che resta è + visibile E il welfare? Altra ragione x levarlo di mezzo. Oppure si consideri la soluzione elementare: non applicarlo agli immigrati Non esiste filosofia che nn tuteli l' immigrazione Il riscatto libretario: accusati di opporsi a redistribuzioni e quote, ora possono dire che gli altri (chi restringe l' immigrazione) fanno altrettanto Le leggi antiimm. come il nuovo jim crow
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 20
free immigration is just free trade applied to labor.
Nota - Posizione 20
LA VISIONE ECONOMICA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 24
immigration restrictions trap hundreds of millions of people in Third World poverty.
Nota - Posizione 25
PRIGIONE DELLA POVERTÀ
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 26
immigration would drastically increase global wealth and drastically reduce global inequality.
Nota - Posizione 27
FATTI E PERCEZIONE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 27
visibility of the remaining poverty and inequality would sharply rise.
Nota - Posizione 27
c
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 32
When critics pointed to the existence of the modern welfare state, I was dismissive: “Yet another reason to abolish the welfare state!”
Nota - Posizione 32
WELFARE MINACCIATO?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 44
On immigration, however, all serious moral theories appear to support open borders. If everyone’s utility counts equally (utilitarianism), if we should treat everyone as an end in himself (Kantianism), if social institutions should maximize the welfare of the worst-off group (Rawlsianism), if inequality is intrinsically bad (egalitarianism), if it’s wrong to ban capitalist acts between consenting adults (libertarianism), how can anyone justify prohibiting poor foreigners from selling their labor to willing domestic employers?
Nota - Posizione 47
ETICA E OPEN BORDERS
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 49
Libertarians are cruel because they oppose involuntary redistribution from rich to poor? But what are immigration restrictions– supported by mainstream liberals and conservatives alike– if not involuntary redistribution from poor to rich?
Nota - Posizione 51
LA REDISTRIBUZIONE LIBERTARIA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 51
Libertarians are callous because they oppose laws against discrimination? But what are immigration restrictions if not laws that make discrimination
Nota - Posizione 52
ANTIDISCRIMINAZIONE LIBERTARIA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 63
If immigrants are a burden on the welfare state, for example, why not simply restrict immigrants’ benefit eligibility instead of restricting immigration itself?
Nota - Posizione 64
CAPZIOSITÀ DI CHI SI OPPONE X RAGIONI DI WELFARE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 72
most voters probably have a zero-sum model of immigration: More jobs for immigrants automatically means fewer jobs– and lower living standards– for us. Economists, in contrast, know that these zero-sum intuitions are wrong. Specialization and trade are the keys to prosperity– and civilization itself.
Nota - Posizione 74
LA PAURA DELLO ZERO SUM
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 95
I really do consider existing First World societies to be morally comparable to the Jim Crow South. Worse, actually. Under Jim Crow, blacks couldn’t legally do some jobs or live in some places in the country. Under modern immigration law, illegal immigrants can’t legally do any job or live anywhere in the country.
Nota - Posizione 96
APPARTHEID
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 102
Open Borders in 4 Easy Steps Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 103
Bisogna provare oltre ogni dubbio i gravi danni dell' immigrazione x condannare milioni di xsone alla povertà
Nota - Posizione 103
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 106
1. Immigration laws deny very basic human rights: The right to accept a job offer from a willing employer
Nota - Posizione 106
VIOLAZIONE DEI DIRITTI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 107
The predictable result for people born on the wrong side of the border is severe poverty and worse.
Nota - Posizione 107
c
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 108
2. To overcome this presumption, you'd have to show that free immigration has consequences so awful that they clearly overshadow the horrible consequences of restriction.
Nota - Posizione 109
COSA AUTORIZZA A VIOLARE QS PRINCIPIO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 110
3. The best social science finds that the alleged downsides of immigration are greatly overstated at best, and often the opposite of the truth. For starters: Immigrants make Americans and the world richer,
Nota - Posizione 112
LE SCIENZA SOCIALI NN CONSENTONO IL SUPERAMENTO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 112
4. Even in worst-case scenarios, there are cheaper, more humane remedies. If immigrants are really a fiscal burden, you don't have to prevent immigration. Just make them ineligible for benefits.
Nota - Posizione 113
IN OGNI CASO PROIBIRE È UNA SOLUZIONE TROPPO RADICALE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 114
Sitting on an Ocean of Talent Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 114
Maledire il gerovital Sconcerto: come mai gli intellettuali non si dedicano al problema?
Nota - Posizione 114
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 115
Imagine scientists discover a new substance that reverses aging.
Nota - Posizione 115
ESP. LEONOLEUM
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 116
Some years later, though, the scientists discover a trillion dollars worth of Leonium directly under the Empire State Building.
Nota - Posizione 117
c
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 118
elation.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 119
frustration.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 120
ingenuity.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 122
tenacity.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 125
During this brainstorming process, a few naysayers fret about the distributional consequences of success: "Only the rich will benefit."
Nota - Posizione 126
INCONTENTABILI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 127
"Unprecedented longevity will undermine government retirement programs." "Nursing homes will lose jobs."
Nota - Posizione 127
INCONVENIENTI DEL BENE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 127
But most people scoff at such parochial and misanthropic negativity. Getting Leonium is a great benefit for mankind, period.
Nota - Posizione 128
XSONA DI BUON SENSO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 129
Economists already know how to extract many trillions of dollars of additional value from the global economy. How? Open borders.
Nota - Posizione 129
OPEN BORDERS IL NS PETROLIO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 129
Under the status quo, most of the world's workers are stuck in unproductive backwaters.
Nota - Posizione 130
IMPRIGIONATI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 133
The standard reaction, instead, is naysaying. "First World workers will lose." "Only the rich will gain." "They'll all go on welfare." "Our culture will be destroyed." "The immigrants will increase crime." The underlying attitude is not frustration at the difficulty of realizing mankind's full potential, but sheer apathy.
Nota - Posizione 134
REAZIONE SCONSIDERATA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 136
My point: Apathy in the face of unrealized multi-trillion dollar gains is absurd.
Nota - Posizione 137
TESI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 147
I'm Too Busy Fighting Tyranny to Feed My Family Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 147
Tizio critica l' immigrato: stai a casa tua e aggiusta il tuo paese. Domanda a Tizio: che ne pensi di John (l' invasato attivista politico che trascura i figli)
Nota - Posizione 147
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 148
Suppose your Facebook friend, John, is a political junkie. Every day, he floods your Newsfeed with the latest political news and op-eds. He provides play-by-play coverage of protests and rallies around the globe. He travels hundreds of miles every week to personally attend these events.
Nota - Posizione 150
ESP. IL MALATO DI POLITICA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 151
After a while, though, you start to wonder about John. How does he hold down a job? You soon discover that John lost his job years ago - and hasn't bothered to find another.
Nota - Posizione 152
c LAVORO ABBANDONATO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 153
When criticized, John angrily responds, "I'm too busy fighting tyranny to feed my family." I think you'll agree that John is a terrible human being. Why? Because his priorities are demented. Political activism is a luxury. Before you engage in this luxury, you must satisfy your basic responsibilities to provide for yourself and your family.
Nota - Posizione 155
c IL LUSSO DELL ATTIVISMO POLITICO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 159
When I point out that would-be immigrants are trying to save themselves and their families from hellish Third World conditions, my critics often respond, "They ought to stay home and try to fix their broken political systems!"
Nota - Posizione 160
PARALLELO COI MIGRANTI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 164
The case against activism is even stronger if, as usual, the activist is deeply confused. Knowing that your country's policies are awful doesn't magically tell you how to improve them.
Nota - Posizione 165
SOLUZIONI DIFFICILI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 174
Libertarians an d the Welfare State: Is It Time to Drop the Hard Line? Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 174
libertari e welfare: x la linea dura argomento etico: se nessuno mi obbliga ad aiutare un parente bisognoso xchè mai dovrei aiutare uno svonosciuto? argomento secondo: il welfare minaccia il più grande programma anti povertà che si conosca: open borders
Nota - Posizione 175
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 175
Libertarians are widely seen as welfare-state abolitionists
Nota - Posizione 175
PERCHÈ IL LIBERTARIO È ODIATO?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 178
drop their extremism
Nota - Posizione 178
x
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 181
In this context, the negative income tax looks much less like a dangerous concession to the world-historical forces of evil.
Nota - Posizione 182
NEGATIVE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 183
I still think that welfare-state abolitionism has the force of argument on its side.
Nota - Posizione 184
x
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 185
Almost no one thinks you should be legally required to financially assist your relatives - even your indigent parents who raised you. The welfare-state abolitionist can fairly ask all of these people a tough question: If your parents shouldn't have a legal right to your help when they really need it, why should complete strangers?
Nota - Posizione 187
ARGOMENTO ETICO TROPPO FORTE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 188
Second, and probably even more compellingly, the existence of welfare state is one of the main rationalizations for undercutting the greatest anti-poverty campaign the world has ever known: immigration. (Friedman said it most clearly: "You cannot simultaneously have free immigration and a welfare state." But Krugman's in full agreement).
Nota - Posizione 190
WELF INCOMPATIBILE CON L IMM
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 191
help absolutely poor people, not relatively poor Americans
Nota - Posizione 191
x
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 192
Libertarian defenders of immigration are the real humanitarians in the world, and the laissez-faire era of open borders without the welfare state was America's real humanitarian era.
Nota - Posizione 193
IL VERO UMANITARISMO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 193
I'm the first person to say that there are better ways to save the welfare state than curtailing immigration. If that's your worry, let immigrants come as guest workers - entitled to work but not collect welfare.
Nota - Posizione 195
COTTADINI DI SERIE B
Nota - Posizione 197
famiglia e nazione: differenze gli affetti familiari sono reali struttura morale: tutti sappiamo che nn si può ucvidere x la famiglia ma x lo stato... la nazione crea il nemico la famiglia collabora
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 197
Patria, Parenti, Amici Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 197
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 199
Rigoletto
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 199
I'm a staunch opponent of nationalism. But I'm also a family man. Isn't there a direct contradiction between the two?
Nota - Posizione 200
PRO FAMILY ANTINATIONALIST... NAT=>NO IMM
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 203
Familial favoritism is a deep and ineradicable part of the human psyche,
Nota - Posizione 203
FAMILY NATURALE NN COSTRUOTO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 205
But you need coercion to make people surrender more than a pittance to their "fellow citizens."
Nota - Posizione 205
c
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 207
There is however a less obvious, but far more important difference between nationalism and familial favoritism: Despite its mighty evolutionary basis, almost everyone recognizes moral strictures against familial favoritism. Almost everyone knows that "It would help my son" is not a good reason to commit murder, break someone's arm, or steal.
Nota - Posizione 209
LIMITI MORALI AL FAMILISMO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 210
Nationalism, in contrast, is widely seen as an acceptable excuse for horrific crimes against outgroups. Do you plan to murder hundreds of thousands of innocent foreign civilians?
Nota - Posizione 212
c
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 215
The surprising lesson: familial favoritism isn't just inevitable; it's basically benign. People know that this fundamental emotion is no excuse for ignoring the rights of strangers. Nationalism, in contrast, is at once phony and dangerous.
Nota - Posizione 217
FAMIGLIA NAZIONALISMO E STRANIERI
Nota - Posizione 219
il problema è il welfare? nn concederlo il problema è il voto? non concederlo il problema è il povero italiano? sovratasa l immigrato e trasferisci
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 219
Immigration Restrictions: A Solution in Search of a Problem Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 219
t
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 224
Suppose, for example, that the complaint about immigrants is that “They take advantage of the welfare state.” If that’s the problem, the simplest solution is not the get rid of immigrants, but to make them ineligible
Nota - Posizione 226
IL PROB È IL WELFARE?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 227
What if the complaint is that immigrants endanger our political culture– in short, that they vote the wrong way? I’m sympathetic to this concern, but it’s easy to tailor a solution: Don’t let immigrants vote.
Nota - Posizione 229
IL PROB È POLITICO?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 229
Which takes us to the biggest complaint of all: Immigrants depress the wages of low-skilled Americans
Nota - Posizione 230
I MS POVERI?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 232
impose a surtax on immigrants’ earnings,
Nota - Posizione 232
c
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 233
If you find these proposals harsh, perhaps you’re right. But they’re soft as silk compared to the popular approach of keeping immigrants out and deporting those who are already here.
Nota - Posizione 234
TROPPO DURE?
Nota - Posizione 235
si scopre il gerovital e si comincia a brontolare senza che se ne faccia niente ma le risorse potenziali già esistono: sono gli immigrati
Nota - Posizione 268
xenofono: parli così xchè vivi ai parioli vieni a tor pignattara open borders: vivi in italia anzichè in ghana l. porta via lavoro? e le donne lavoratrici? xchè ci sono restrizioni all i. e nn alla fertilità
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 268
Immigration: My Eyes Work Fine
Nota - Posizione 268
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 269
Critics of my open borders advocacy often accuse me of intellectual blindness, of living in a fantasy world of my own creation.
Nota - Posizione 270
CAMPANA DI VETRO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 271
facts about immigration I see
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 271
1. I see immigrants - legal and illegal - working hard, without complaining,
Nota - Posizione 272
LAVORO DURO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 272
2. I see immigrants - legal and illegal - contributing far more to the world than they could possibly have done at home.
Nota - Posizione 273
CONTRIBUTO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 274
3. I see natives happy to hire and patronize immigrants
Nota - Posizione 274
NECESSITÀ DI ASSUMERE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 275
4. I see that people call me out of touch because I live in Fairfax instead of in a poor immigrant neighborhood. But they don't think themselves out of touch because they live in America instead of the Third World.
Nota - Posizione 276
SONO GLI OPPOSITORI A VIVERE IN UNA CAMPANA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 276
5. I see that almost all natives break the law on a regular basis. Almost everyone drives over 55 mph on the freeway, for starters. But few natives feel guilty about breaking laws that seem unreasonable,
Nota - Posizione 277
DISUBBIDIE A LEGGI IRRAGIONEVOLI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 278
6. The typical illegal immigrant who "went back where he came from" would drastically reduce his family's standard of living and make the world a poorer place. If following the 55 mph speed limit is unreasonable, so is following U.S. immigration law
Nota - Posizione 280
c
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 281
7. If the typical low-skilled immigrant stayed home and tried to improve his political system, he would have near-zero chance of success.
Nota - Posizione 282
IMPEGNO POLITICO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 283
8. Virtually all of the complaints leveled against immigrants also apply to many natives. I see that native women who enter the workforce make life harder for native men competing for the same jobs.
Nota - Posizione 284
IMMIGRANTI E DONNE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 289
when people complain about immigrant crime, I never see them say, "Since young males commit virtually all serious crime, this is obviously only an argument against young male immigrants."
Nota - Posizione 290
CATEGORIE SENZA MUCCHIO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 291
11. Most arguments for immigration restriction are equally good arguments for government regulation of natives' fertility. But I see that almost everyone favors immigration restrictions, and almost no one favors fertility restrictions.
Nota - Posizione 292
FERTILITY E IMMIGRATION
Nota - Posizione 301
obiezoone etica alla libera immigrazione: chiudere fuori nn è omicidio ma letying die 1 se il costo di aprire è basdo kllingleting die 2 impedire alla gente di salvarsi è come uccidere
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 301
KILLING VERSUS LETTING DIE
Nota - Posizione 302
t
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 302
common objection to assertion of the right to migrate is thekilling versus letting die distinction.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 306
the claim is that immigration restrictions are closer to “letting die”
Nota - Posizione 306
c
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 308
Utilitarian response: drowning children If the cost of saving a person’s life is very small, then letting the person die is equivalent to killing
Nota - Posizione 310
UTILITARISMO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 313
Libertarian response: forcibly preventing people from helping themselves is akin to murder
Nota - Posizione 313
IMPEDIRE ATTIVAMENTE CHE SI SALVINO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 318
Tell Me the Difference Between Jim Crow and Immigration Restrictions Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 319
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 320
It was illegal for blacks to live, work, and shop in certain places. Virtually everyone today regards this as an enormous injustice. So do I. But I question the claim that modern American policy is vastly morally superior. The American government continues to mandate discrimination against an unpopular minority: illegal immigrants.
Nota - Posizione 322
NERI E MIGRANTI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 323
there were many places in America where blacks were not legally allowed to live. Under current immigration laws, there is nowhere in America where illegal immigrants are legally allowed to live.
Nota - Posizione 324
ABITAZIONE
Nota - Posizione 325
c
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 325
there were many jobs in America that blacks were not legally allowed to perform. Under current immigration laws, there are no jobs in America that illegal immigrants are legally allowed to perform.
Nota - Posizione 326
LAVORO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 335
You could object that our moral obligations to citizens are far higher than our moral obligations to foreigners. But that's hardly satisfactory. After all, the essence of the segregationist position was the American blacks were not fully-fledged American citizens.
Nota - Posizione 337
CITTADINANZA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 337
(a) stripping blacks of their citizenship, and (b) declaring that "All citizens are entitled to equal treatment." Would that have made the Jim Crow laws any less reprehensible?
Nota - Posizione 338
SOLUZIONE ALTERNATIVA ALL ABOLIZ
Nota - Posizione 343
h
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 343
Turning the Camera: The Political Externalities of the Status Quo Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 344
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 344
The median voter wants to deprive you of the rights to (a) accept a job offer from a willing employer, or (b) rent an apartment from a willing landlord. Politicians eagerly oblige the median voter, so legally speaking, you're an unperson.
Nota - Posizione 346
ESP.MENTALE. TIRANNIA DELLA MAGG
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 348
In all my years of arguing about immigration, I've never met an opponent paranoid enough to make such a claim.
Nota - Posizione 348
c
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 349
Strangely, though, political externalities of this severity already exist. There are countries that vote to deprive most people of the rights to sell their labor and rent a place to live. In fact, this is the political equilibrium in every First World democracy.
Nota - Posizione 351
INCUBO REALIZZATO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 359
Bastards, Immigrants, and Misanthropes Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 359
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 396
Of Infants and Immigrants Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 396
T
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 397
If an additional infant born in America has positive externalities, asks Adam Ozimek, shouldn't an additional immigrant who moves to America have positive externalities, too? Since the average immigrant age is around 30, that means when they've arrived they are already past the stage when they just consume society's resources, and have begin producing externalities. Doesn't this suggest that positive externality of immigrants is even larger than that for natives?
Nota - Posizione 399
AIMMI E BAMBINO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 401
keep in mind that immigrants are also more likely to be small business owners and PhDs than natives.
Nota - Posizione 401
IMPRENDITORI
Nota - Posizione 403
x
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 403
remittances,
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 403
Workers do a lot more for the Third World by leaving than staying.
Nota - Posizione 404
AIUTO AL TERZO MONDO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 404
Immigration, Skill, Efficiency, and Quotas: A Conflict of Economic Intuitions Bryan Caplan
Nota - Posizione 404
t
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 405
Moderate immigration reformers usually argue in favor of more skilled immigrants. As a matter of economic efficiency, are they correct?
Nota - Posizione 406
MEGLIO GLI SKILLED?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 406
Suppose skilled immigrants earn $30,000 at home and $100,000 here; unskilled immigrants earn $1000 at home and $25,000 here. Then the efficiency case in favor of skilled immigration seems airtight.
Nota - Posizione 407
APPARENZA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 409
But doesn't it contradict the basic economics of trade? According to standard trade models, trade increases efficiency by eliminating relative prices disparities. The bigger the price ratio in country A to country B, the greater the gains to trade.
Nota - Posizione 410
COMMERCIO INTERNAZ
