Notebook per
How Can Communication Technology Encourage Civility?
Citation (APA): Powazek, D. (2016). How Can Communication Technology Encourage Civility? [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com
Parte introduttiva
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How Can Communication Technology Encourage Civility? By Derek Powazek
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It’s an experience so common it’s spawned a mantra: Don’t Read The Comments.
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What is it about online comments that makes us so awful?
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COMMENTI E DEPRESSIONE
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My central argument is that good people can behave poorly in online situations, but civil behavior can be encouraged by design.
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TESI
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Bad Is Louder Than Good
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T
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It’s a fact that bad experiences resonate louder and longer than good ones. That’s why you can read an inbox full of pleasant emails, but two hours later you’ll still be thinking about the single insulting one.
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È IL MALE CHE RESTA
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Is Stronger Than Good” (2001), Baumeister et al
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First, it may be that comments online are not as bad as we think they are.
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VEDERE IL MALE
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Second, the human propensity for paying attention to negative input at the expense of positive input shows what a tall order increasing civility online really is.
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PARTICOLARE ATTENZIONE
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The Bad Apple
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In his 2009 study published in Research in Organizational Behavior, Will Felps found that one bad participant can have a negative effect on an entire group. His research was about real-life, in-person meetings, but it’s entirely relevant to online community.
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LA MELA MARCIA
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negative participants: the Jerk, the Slacker, and the Depressive Pessimist.
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The Jerk insults others, the Slacker displays disinterest, and the Depressive Pessimist complains and says it’s all pointless.
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TRE TIPI
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The conventional wisdom said that groups are more powerful than any one individual, so one bad apple should not have much of an impact. Felps found the opposite. Groups with the bad actor performed 30 to 40 percent worse than groups without. In addition, the bad actors caused team members to emulate their behavior. When the actor was a slacker, others would slack. In short, our behavior is like a virus.
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IL COMPORTAMENTO È UN VIRUS
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What this means online is that moderators should be in place to guard against negative participation, especially early in the conversation.
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MODERATORE
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I’ve found that the first comment effectively sets the tone for all that come after, so I recommend holding all comments in a queue until there’s a good standout comment, and then ensuring that comment appears first.
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SEQUENZA
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Private Eyes
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T
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many can participate but each is relatively unseen. We can be together virtually and alone in reality. Online conversation lacks the human gaze.
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MANCANZA DELLO SGUARDO
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I believe the lack of it is one of the contributors to the lack of civility online. In a study published in Biology Letters in 2006, Melissa Bateson et al showed that the cues of being watched can enhance cooperation.
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SGUARDO E COOP
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Imagine a refrigerator in a common room in a workplace. Inside are unsecured beverages and an “honesty box,” where people who take drinks are supposed to put in money. Contributions are anonymous and voluntary, but expected. Now imagine an experiment where the honesty box had one of two photographs on it. One group saw a photo of flowers, the other saw a photo of a pair of human eyes. After 10 weeks, the results were calculated. The people who saw a pair of human eyes paid 2.76 times more on average.
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ESPERIMENTO CON FOTO
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we should design these comment experiences to enhance the feeling of being seen by the community. Imagine a row of avatars, photos of members reading the same story right now, all looking at you as you type, right beside the comment box.
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AVATAR CON LA FACCIA
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Color Commentary
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The visual design of conversational spaces online can have a huge impact on the tone of the conversation.
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GRAFICA
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Using rounded corners in online design can go a long way toward making technology feel more approachable.
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C ANGOLI ARROTONDATI
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My favorite study in this area is Ravi Mehta’s investigation published in the journal Science in 2009. In the experiment, participants were given the same tasks to complete on a computer. The only difference was that one group had a red background and the other had a blue background. The study showed that the red group did better at tasks that required attention to detail, while the blue group did better at tasks that required creativity and emotion.
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ROSSO E BLU
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Patternicity
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Evolution favors the ones that don’t get eaten, so seeing the grass move and assuming it’s a lion is a good thing.
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PATTERN DELL EVOLUZIONE
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Online, where we have much less social information (no physical gestures, no direct gaze), our brains work much harder to intuit meaning, and as a result, we see patterns where there are none. And we tend to see danger even when there isn’t any.
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VEDERE COSE CHE NN CI SONO. SIAMO COMPLOTTISTI X NATURA
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L EVOLUZIONE CI FA VEDERE IL XICOLO
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we’re predisposed to make assumptions based on limited information, and respond in a “fight or flight” manner.
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AGIRE SENZA BASE INFORMATIVA
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Jennifer Whitson did a fascinating set of experiments, published in Science in 2008, on patternicity and feelings of control. One experiment involved showing volunteers pictures of random static and asking them if they saw an image in it. Some of the volunteers were put into a “out of control” state. They were quizzed about subjects they couldn’t have known anything about or asked to recall a time in their lives when they felt out of control. The other volunteers were put into an “in control” state. Their knowledge was rewarded or they were asked to recall a moment where they were in control. The people in the “out of control” state were more likely to engage in patternicity– to see patterns where there were none.
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PIÙ AVVENTATEZZA IN CHI NN HA CTRL
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we frequently feel out of control when we’re online– applications freeze, networks lag, computers crash. Is it any wonder, then, that we perceive personal slights where there are none?
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IL BOMBARDAMENTO DI NOTIZIE CI TOGLIE IL CTRL
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An experience that creates an in-control feeling in the user will produce a person far more likely to be calm,
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c PARLARE DI SÈ CI FA SENTIRE ON CTRL
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Discussion Summary
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T
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rewarding good behavior is just as important as punishing bad behavior, and may be a more productive community management technique in the long run. These rewards can take many forms. Positive behavior can be rewarded with special attention
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PREMIARE I BUONI
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I encourage companies to create a featured area, where the best contributions are highlighted.
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c
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The seminal example of a peer-reputation system is eBay, where buyers can rate their sellers (and, originally, vice versa), but explicit ratings systems are easily manipulated.
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PEER REPUTATION
