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Chapter 1 In No Hurry: Growing Up Slowly - iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy--and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood--and What That Means for the Rest of Us

Jean M. Twenge

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with porn on the Internet, sexy Halloween costumes for young girls, 7th-grade boys requesting nude pictures of their classmates, and other adults-too-soon trends gaining attention, many people believe that children and teens are instead growing up more quickly than in the past.
Note:L'ILLUSIONE

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(Not) Going Out and (Not) Getting It On
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iGen teens are less likely to go out without their parents. The trend began with Millennials and then accelerated at a rapid clip with iGen’ers (see Figure 1.1).
Note:IO MAMMATE E TU

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12th graders in 2015 are going out less often than 8th graders did as recently as 2009.
Note:POCHE USCITE

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the same for students from working-class and middle-class homes.
Note:IL REDDITO NON INCIDE

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Nor is the trend caused by the recession:
Note:LA CRISI NON C ENTRA

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The more likely candidate is smartphones, used by the majority of teens since around 2011–12.
Note:IL MAGGIOR INDIZIATO

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iGen teens are less likely to experience the freedom of being out of the house without their parents—
Note:LIBERTÀ

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iGen teens are less likely to date
Note:PRECIPITATE LE USCITE ROMANTICHE

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In the early 1990s, nearly three out of four 10th graders sometimes dated, but by the 2010s only about half did.
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Normally it’s the girl that’s shopping and the boy is, like, following.”
Note:PRIMO APPUNTAMENTO.. NON SERA MA POMERIGGIO

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The lack of dating leads to the next surprising fact about iGen: they are less likely to have sex than teens in previous decades
Note:SESSO

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Fewer teens having sex is one of the reasons behind what many see as one of the most positive youth trends in recent years: the teen birthrate hit an all-time low in 2015, cut by more than half since its modern peak in the early 1990s
Note:TEEN INCINTE

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An Interlude About Why Teens Act Less like Adults—and Why It’s Not All Good or All Bad
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developmental speed is an adaptation to a cultural context.
Note:CRESCITA E CULTURA

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families have fewer children and cultivate each child longer and more intensely.
Note:POCHI BIMBI MOLTO CURATI

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Compare that to a fast life strategy, where families are larger and parents focus on subsistence rather than quality.
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in some cultures, dating in early high school is considered good—
Note:CULTURA E FILARINO

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the “bad”-vs.-“good” question depends a lot on one’s cultural perspective.
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License to Drive
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though nearly all Boomer high school students had their driver’s license by spring of their senior year, by 2015 only 72% did.
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Mom is such a good chauffeur that there’s no urgent need to drive.
Note:MAMMA AUTISTA

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“because my parents didn’t ‘push’ me to get my license.”
Note:UNA FRASE CHE TRAMORTISCE UN GENX

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Are fewer teens driving because of ride-sharing services such as Uber and Lyft? Not likely. First, these services usually require that riders be 18 years old or older, so most high school students can’t use them alone. In addition, Uber debuted in 2009 and Lyft in 2012, and the decline in getting a driver’s license began long before that.
Note:UBER NON C ENTRA

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The Retreat of the Latchkey Kids
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In 2015, a Maryland couple allowed their 10- and 6-year-old children to walk by themselves about a mile from a local park to their home. Someone saw the children walking alone and called the police, and the couple was investigated
Note:A10 ANNI GIRA DA SOLO... SOTTO PROCESSO I GENITORI

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latchkey kid: walking home from school and using your key to enter an empty house, since your parents were still at work.
Note:FIGURA SCOMPARSA... LA RAGAZZA DALLA CHIAVE

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more mothers in the 2010s worked full-time than in the 1990s.
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The Decline of the Teen Job
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Many Boomers and GenX’ers can remember the first time they bought something with their own money—
Note:I PROPRI SOLDI

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in the late 1970s, only 22% of high school seniors didn’t work for pay at all during the school year, but by the early 2010s, twice as many (44%) didn’t
Note:DIMEZZAMENTO

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The number of 8th graders who work for pay has been cut in half.
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Fewer teens work during the summer as well: in 1980, 70% had a summer job, which sank to 43% in the 2010s
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Maybe teens don’t have jobs anymore—and don’t go out as much anymore—because they are devoting more time to homework and extracurricular activities.
Note:FALSA CAUSA: PI ATTIVITÀ E PIÙ COMPITI

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Time spent on student clubs and on sports/exercise as 12th graders changed little over time (see Appendix B).
Note:EXTRATTIVITÀ COSTANTI

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the rise in volunteering took place between the 1980s and the 1990s, well before the large drop in working for pay.
Note:ANNI NOVANTA

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As it turns out, iGen 8th, 10th, and 12th graders actually spent less time on homework
Note:SEMPRE MENO COMPITI

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The trends in this total are clear: iGen teens are spending less time on homework, paid work, volunteering, and extracurriculars combined, not more
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even if teens don’t learn high-level skills from their jobs, they often learn the value of responsibility and money.
Note:LAVORARE È UN BENE?

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disadvantaged teens randomly assigned to a summer jobs program were 43% less likely to be involved in violence.
Note:UN BENE X I PIÙ BISIGNOSI

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Taking Out Loans from the Bank of Mom and Dad
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With fewer teens working, you might think that more would get an allowance to buy the things they want. However, fewer iGen’ers get an allowance.
Note:MENO LAVORO PIÙ PAGHETTE?.... NO

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When they need money, they must, like Ellie, ask for it from their parents.
Note:A RICHIESTA

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the result is more young people graduating from high school without even the introductory money-managing experience
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You Booze, You Lose
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fewer and fewer drink alcohol. Nearly 40% of iGen high school seniors in 2016 had never tried alcohol at all, and the number of 8th graders who have tried alcohol has been cut nearly in half
Note:POCO ALCOL

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The decline in trying alcohol is the largest in the youngest groups and by far the smallest among young adults.
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is especially encouraging; most people would agree that 13- and 14-year-olds drinking is not a good idea.
Note:MOLTO POSITIVO

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There is one downside to these trends: more young people arrive on college campuses or enter adult life without much experience drinking.
Note:UNA VERGINITÀ CHE SPESSO SI PAGA

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The rapid increase in binge drinking from age 18 to age 21 can be risky.
Note:SI BEVE MENO E AUMENTANO LE SBORNIE

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“I’m 21 and in my prime drinking years, and I intend to take full advantage of it!”
Note:TIPICO PENSIERO

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What about drug use? The heyday of illicit drug use among teens—the vast majority of which is marijuana—was in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Use then plummeted in the early 1990s before going back up again through the 2000s and 2010s (see Figure 1.12
Note:DROGHE... LA DINAMICA

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Why the different patterns for alcohol and drug use? Drug use, at least in most states, is illegal at any age. Any rule breaking is roughly equal for drug use whether you are over or under 21. Buying alcohol, however, becomes legal at 21—perhaps why this cautious generation is more likely to avoid it as teens yet still indulges after they turn 21. As more states legalize recreational marijuana for adults, this pattern may change.
Note:PATTERN DIVERSI PER ALCOL E DROGA... PERCHÈ

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Growing Up Slowly
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iGen teens are less likely to go out without their parents, date, have sex, drive, work, or drink alcohol.
Note:RIEPILOGO

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GenX’ers in the 1990s, who began to postpone the traditional milestones of adulthood such as settling into a career, getting married, and having children.
Note:I PRIMI SEGNALI DEL POSTPORRE

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Yet GenX’er teens didn’t slow down—they were just as likely to drive, drink alcohol, and date as their Boomer peers
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Adolescence is now an extension of childhood rather than the beginning of adulthood.
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Is This Because Teens Are More Responsible?
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the sociologist David Finkelhor argued that iGen teens, with their lowered alcohol use, reduced crime rates, and more limited sexuality, are “showing virtues their elders lacked.”
Note:TEEN PIÙ RESPONSABILI?

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year-old writer Jess Williams,

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Williams describes iGen as “boring.”
Note:NOIOSI

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Generation Yawn: 20 Is the New 40.”
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Neither “better behaved” nor “boring” captures what’s really going on with iGen: they are simply taking longer to grow up.
Note:SOLO LA CRESCITA LENTA SPIEGA...

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teens have adopted a slow life strategy, perhaps due to smaller families and the demands wrought by increasing income inequality.
Note:CAUSA 1: STRATEGIA LUNGO PARCHEGGIO

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The cultural shift toward individualism may also play a role: childhood and adolescence are uniquely self-focused stages, so staying in them longer allows more cultivation of the individual self.
Note:CAUSA 2 INDIVIDUALISMO

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Partners, Not Prisoners
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Are teens willing participants in growing up more slowly, or are parents strong-arming them into it?
Note:COLPA/MERITO DEL FENOMENO

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Parents do keep a closer watch over teens these days.
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This surveillance is probably facilitated by phone-tracking
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Given the teen tendency to resist restrictions, you’d think teens and their parents would get into more fights.
Note:PIÙ CONTROLLO PIÚ CONFLITTI? NOOOOOOO

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However, iGen teens fight less with their parents;
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In the most extreme cases of resistance to parents, teens might consider running away.
Note:FUGHE

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As it turns out, running away is less common among iGen:
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they are willingly staying children for longer.
Note:PETER PAN

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Many people now seem to associate being a child (as opposed to being an adult) with less stress and more fun;
Note:MENO STRESS PIÙ DIVERTIMENTO

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“HOW ARE PEOPLE EXCITED TO TURN 18???? IM VERY SCARED OF ADULTING!!!!”
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Tangled and Frozen—both children’s movies by Disney.
Note:FILM PREFERITI DELLA 17ENNE

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Even once they get to college, students’ parents continue to treat them like children. Parents register their adult children for classes, remind them of deadlines, and wake them up in time for class,
Note:ALL UNIVERSITÀ COME BAMBINI

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Some suggest that this cocoon mentality is behind recent campus trends such as “trigger warnings”
Note:TRIGGER WARNINGS

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One safe space, for example, featured coloring books and videos of frolicking puppies, neatly connecting the idea of safe spaces with that of childhood.
Note:SAFE PLACE

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If teens are working less, spending less time on homework, going out less, and drinking less, what are they doing?
DOVE SI RIVOLGONO?… AL TELEFONINO