HL 6 NONSENSE IN PARIS: ALTHUSSER, LACAN AND DELEUZE

6 NONSENSE IN PARIS: ALTHUSSER, LACAN AND DELEUZE
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the man who was singled out by the revolutionaries of 1968 as their intellectual leader, Louis Althusser.
Note:SESSANTOTTINO X ECCELLENZA

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a new species of Marxist dogma: a theory, or rather meta-theory, which iterated in mesmerizing paragraphs the form of a dogma, while contriving meticulously to conceal its content.
Note:IPNOSI

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he offers a model of a new and fortified language, in which no question can be posed, and no answer offered, except in terms that are barely intelligible

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UN DISCORSO ININTELLEGGIBILE

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Refutation must be evaded, so that the truth within the dogma can be protected from the malice contained in real things.
Note:ELUSIONE E LOTTA CONTRO I FATTI

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In plain English, the conclusion is this: you can understand Capital only by believing it or, in even plainer Latin, credo ut intelligam, as St Anselm put it, when discussing the supreme mystery of God: I believe in order to understand.
Note:L ATTEGGIAMENTO RELIGIOSO

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For Althusser, however, dogma is ‘revealed’ by being concealed.
Note:IL DOPPIO MOVIMENTO

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The true revelation consists in the credo quia absurdum of the devotee, who sees darkness everywhere and then turns to Marx’s text, in order to convert this darkness into light.
Note:CREDO XCHÈ ASSURDO

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He was particularly opposed to the rewriting of historical materialism and the theory of value in the terms suggested by the ‘Marxist humanism’ of the 1844 manuscripts and also, in the pre-war years, by Lukács and the Frankfurt school.
Note:LA COSA CHE LO FACEVA PIÙ PIuttosto INCAZZARE

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The early Marx’s concerns were ‘ideological’, the later Marx’s were ‘scientific’.
Note:LA VISIONE DI M

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Understanding an ideological argument implies, at the level of ideology itself, simultaneous, conjoint knowledge of the ideological field in which a thought emerges and grows; and the exposure of the internal unity of this thought: its problematic. Knowledge of the ideological field itself presupposes knowledge of the problematics compounded or opposed to it. The interrelation of the particular problematic of the thought of the individual under consideration with the particular problematics of the thoughts belonging to the ideological field allows of a decision as to its author’s specific difference, i.e. whether a new meaning has emerged.10
Note:IL MODO IN CUI ALTHUSSER DICE: "PER COMPRENDERE UN ARGOMENTO OCCORRE VEDERNE IL SIGNIFICATO"

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the ponderous, suspicion-laden circularity of Althusser’s prose, which goes round and round monotonously on its own heels, like a lunatic trapped in an imaginary cage.
Note:LA PROSA DI A

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The endless circle that is built from that tautology has, however, a mesmerizing quality,
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invocation of ‘economic epicycles’ recalls the attempt to save the Ptolemaic astronomy, by protecting the cherished hypothesis from the evidence that seemed to refute it.
Note:SALVARE MARX NOVELLO TOLOMEO

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Each sentence exhibits the same slightly delirious syntax, embedding a host of unexplained terms in structures that have the shape of thought without the matter. Such, I suspect, was the principal effect of Althusser’s teaching.
Note:LA FRASE DI A

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However Althusser was not, consciously, producing nonsense; rather he was trying to give voice to a religious sentiment, struggling to find the words that would reach through to others and join them to the faith. Religious belief possesses the structure of Pascal’s wager, and this is one way by which we recognize it.
Note:CREDENZA RELIGIOSA...MA DI TIPO PASCALIANO

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we must understand the ‘existential posture’ implicit in the style. The human world is fundamentally opposed to Althusser. Every institution plays its part in the ‘objective’ conspiracy that oppresses him. Church, family, school, trade union, culture, press, judiciary – all belong to the ‘ideological state apparatus’
Note:POSTURA ESISYENZIALE DELL OPPRESSO

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Nothing means anything and that is the revolution, namely the machine to annihilate meaning. The machine was put together by Jacques Lacan, Gilles Deleuze and a few others, from discarded fragments of Freudian psychology and Saussurian linguistics, and attached to Kojève’s Hegelian wind-bag, with which to pump it up with hot air.
Note:LA RIVOLUZIONE: IL NONSENSE SIGNIFICA QUALCOSA

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In his Cours de linguistique générale
Note:PUBBLIAZ CHIAVE

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the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure
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the idea of language as a system of ‘differences’,
Note:L IDEA CHE EBBE PIÙ SUCCESSO

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The meaning of ‘hot’ must be understood in terms of the difference between ‘hot’ and ‘cold’.
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language has no ‘positive terms’, but is an endless stream of negations, whose meaning lies in what is not said,
Note:LA CONSEGIENZA...IL NON DETTO

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Jacques Derrida went further still, arguing that therefore no sign means in isolation, and meaning waits upon the ‘other’ sign, the sign that completes it by opposing it, but which cannot be finally written down. Meaning is never present but always deferred,
Note:L INTEGRAZIONE DI RIDDA...IL SIGNIFICATO MANCA SEMPRE...CIÒ CHE DA SENSO MANCA SEMPRE E NN APPENA VIENE INTRODOTTO CREA UN ALTRA MANCANZA

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The frame of the nonsense machine was assembled by Jacques Lacan, the cranky psychiatrist whose writings, published in 1966, had an extraordinary impact on the student revolutionaries, with whose cause he publicly aligned himself.
Note:LO STRAMBO PSICHIATRA

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a psychoanalyst who would see ten clients in an hour, sometimes while attended to by his barber,
Note:NN MOLTO PROFESSIONALE

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speak, think and feel in the same paranoid language as their doctor.
Note:LA SUA CURA

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People become famed as psychoanalysts not for their therapeutic successes (maybe there are none), but for their ideas. And the fame of an idea arises from its influence, not its truth.
Note:IL CRITERIO IN PSICHIATRIA

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He also scattered his writings and his lectures with mathematical jargon, taken from theories that he did not care to understand, but which he referred to casually as ‘mathemes’, on the analogy with the phonemes and morphemes into which linguists divide the functional parts of language.
Note:X LUI L INCONSCIO È STRUTTURATO COME UN LINGUAGGGIO...PASSIONE X IL LINGUAGGIO MATEMATICO

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Lacan suggested, a big Other (capital A for Autre), which is the challenge presented to the self by the not-self.
Note:I PERSONAGGI DEL TEATRINO LACANIANO

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‘there is no sexual relation’,
Note:I MANTRA POCO CHIARI DI LACAN

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You become a self-conscious subject by taking possession of your world and incorporating its otherness into your self.
Note:LA COSTRUZION DELL IO

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Lacanians give Lacan credit for a thesis expounded far more lucidly and with all due qualifications by Hegel and Kojève
Note:DEIFICAZIONE DEL MAESTRO

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Lacan’s ruminations on the Other purport to be part of a ‘return to Freud’,
Note:STRINGI STRINGI

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Lacan established his own seminars in 1953. The influence of these seminars – 34 volumes of which have been transcribed and also translated – is one of the deep mysteries of modern intellectual life. Their garbled regurgitation of theories that Lacan clearly neither explored nor understood, is, for sheer intellectual effrontery, without parallel in recent literature.
Note:SEMINARI

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meaningless is used to exert a personal charisma.
Note:L ORIGINALITÀ DI LACAN

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Today then I must keep to the wager to which I committed myself in choosing the terrain in which the object a is most evanescent in its function of symbolizing the central lack of desire, which I have always indicated in a univocal way by the algorithm (−Φ). I don’t know whether you can see the blackboard, but as usual I have marked out a few reference points. The object a in the field of vision is the gaze. After which, enclosed in a chain bracket, I have written: (in nature ( (as = ( − Φ )
Note:IL SIGNIFICATO DI =

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alchemy promises a deeper truth, and one inseparable from power.
Note:ALCHIMIA E POTERE

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Lacan gathers confidence on noticing that barre is an anagram of arbre:
Note:UNA SOLUZIONE COMUNE IN LACAN...L ANAGRAMMA

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Meaning has indeed been reduced to an equation and in the solution of this equation the signified is found to be identical with the square root of minus one:
Note:UN CASO FAMOSO....INTERPRETANDO UN PASSAGGIO OSCURO DI SAUSSURE

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the erectile penis (the primary object of meaning) under bourgeois conditions is no more potent than the square root of minus one
Note:ALTRO PASSAGGIO MEMORABILE

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Derrida had cast doubt, in his theory of deconstruction, on the possibility of meaning anything. Lacan showed that it is not necessary to mean anything anyway.
Note:IL SIGNFICATO NN NECESSARIO...DA DERRIDA A LACAN

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Lacan’s doctrine that the ‘subject’ does not exist. The ‘I’ is an absence,
Note:IL CUORE

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Gilles Deleuze (1925–95)
Note:ASSIAMO A LUI...PIÙ ACCADEMICO

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Foucault going so far as to describe the post-war period as ‘le siècle Deleuzien’.
Note:MOLTO LODATO

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Deleuze was not, at first, a political, still less a politicized, thinker, and the nonsense machine that he helped to assemble was put to political use primarily by other and less scrupulous spirits.
Note:POLITICIZZATO DA ALTRI...ALL INIZIO

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his major treatise, Difference and Repetition, published in 1968, shows the true nature of his thinking, presented as a rumination on the words in the title.
Note:RUMINAZINI OSSESSIVE...SCAVO APPROFONDIMENTO

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Heidegger, whose Being and Time was a revelation to philosophers of Sartre’s generation,
Note:IL RIFERIMENTO

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Deleuze wished to replace the idea of being, and its associated notions of substance and identity, with that of difference.
Note:IL PROGETTO

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time is to be in some way transcended through the ‘eternal recurrence’ of all that happens
Note:ALTRA IDEA RUBATA A NIETZ

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Hence ‘Being and Time’ becomes ‘Difference and Repetition’.
Note:DI FATTO

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identity must now give way to difference.
Note:IL PIANO DI D.

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For identity is presupposed by individuation, the act of singling something out as an object of reference.
Note:DA ARISTOTELE

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What would it be, to single out difference as more basic than identity, so that ‘being different’ from other things, rather than identical with a specific thing, is understood as the primary way of being?
Note:IL MISTERO DI D.

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Deleuze’s thesis is put forward as deeply subversive: we were imprisoned by sameness and have been released into difference! But does this really subvert the entire previous course of Western metaphysics, and if so, to what effect?
Note:UNA RIVOLUZIONE DIFFICILE DA CAPIRE

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an endless stream of abstractions,
Note:LA PROSA DI D

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He does not argue, but encloses his key words in fortified boxes, which he firmly locks against all questioning before throwing the key away:
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The seamless web of abstractions continues to the very end of the book, at which point Nietzsche, the most concrete and immediate of modern philosophers, is wrapped in more abstractions and reissued as a philosopher of ‘difference’, in rebellion against identity:
Note:NIETZ IN CATENE

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in the Logic of Sense and elsewhere, he is explicitly challenging the distinction between sense and nonsense, showing that the true use of language is expressive, not representational, so that nonsense is as much a part of communication as what is normally called sense.
Note:NONSENSE NN È UN INSULTO VISTO CHE IL LINGUAGGIO È ESPRESSIONE PIÚ CHE RAPPRESENTAZIONE

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(Deleuze writes without paragraphs. His pages are like cliff faces from which fragments can be broken away, only to yearn through their jagged edges for the mother stone.)
Note:NO PARAGRAFI

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Sometimes, reading Deleuze, I think that he has something like that in mind – the primordial religious experience, which uses repetition as an icon of eternity.
Note:MISTICISMO? VOGLIA DI VINCERE IL TEMPO?

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Later, writing with Félix Guattari, Deleuze puts aside the abstractions of metaphysics, and becomes both more psychoanalytical and more political
Note:LA SECONDA FASE

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Their influential book L’anti-Oedipe is at one level an attack on the Freudian theory of the Oedipus complex – or rather, an attack on the bourgeois family,
Note:IL NEMICO

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They describe the human being as a ‘machine désirante’
Note:DESIDERIO...D IDENTITÀ

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you can understand why Deleuze and Guattari think that they have hit on the true explanation of schizophrenia.
Note:LA RICERCA FOLLE D IDENTITÀ

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Schizophrenia, they suggest, is exactly what we should expect when the BwO is hit by capitalism:
Note:LA GIOSTRA DELLE IDENTITÀ ...LA RUTILAMTE PROPOSTA

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Each particle of that comparatively lucid utterance makes sense. But what is the connection between them?
Note:ESTRATTO DAL DELIRIO DI MILLE PIANI

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rhizome’ and ‘territorialisation’.
Note:LE NUOVE PAROLE CHIAVE

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A rhizome is a plant stem that grows horizontally underground,
Note:RIZOMA

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In his earlier work Deleuze advanced the view that ‘identity’ had hitherto characterized Western thinking, and that ‘difference’ must now replace it. A similar claim is now made for ‘rhizomatic’ thinking. Instead of the vertical tree – the up/down, cause/effect,
Note:LA NUOVA RIVOLUZIONE AUSPICATA

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a narrative dependent on binary divisions: cause and effect, us and them, one and many, and so on.
Note:CONTRO LA BINARIETÀ OCCIDENTALE....OVVERO LA LOGICA CLASSICA

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those who represent language through generative trees, as Chomsky does, have made a fundamental mistake about the available possibilities).
Note:IL RIZOMA CONDANNA ANCHE CHOMSKY

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Rhizomatic development establishes a territory.
Note:AUTONOMIA

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In the place of definitions we are offered associations, and in the place of theories we are given terms that can be stretched from category to category
Note:IL MODO DI PROCEDERE DI D

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if you wanted a word to describe the intellectual method of Deleuze and Guattari, there is none more apposite than ‘packaging’.
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We are to discard the old hierarchies, the binary structures, the ‘trees’ of the bourgeois family and the capitalist machine,
Note:TANTO OSTICO INTELLETTUALMENTE TANTO NAIF POLITICAMENTE

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the language of ‘schizanalysis’, which is an assault on the existing structures in the name of desire.
Note:IL GRIMALDELLO DELLA RIVOLUZIONE

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the language that we know as rational argument and the pursuit of truth, and which is dismissed by Deleuze and Guatarri as mere ‘representation’, rather than the transformation that their writings herald.
Note:IL LINGUAGGIO DEL NEMICO

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‘The love of truth’, declared Jacques Lacan, ‘is the love of this weakness whose veil we have lifted; it is the love of what truth hides, which is called castration.’
Note:SOLO IL DEBOLE AMA LA VERITÀ

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‘the notions of relevance, necessity, the point of something, are a thousand times more significant than the notion of truth,
Note:COSA CONTA DI PIÙ

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Truth is subservient to power,
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All normal forms of thought, all empirical observation, all pre-existing knowledge is dissolved in their delirious prose,
Note:D & G

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authoritative-sounding language – in which assertoric sentences succeed each other without a break, and with never the slightest nod towards a real or imagined interlocutor
Note:ANCORA SULLO STILE

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Abundant footnotes, referring to out-of-the-way works in political theory, anthropology, biology, musicology, particle physics, etc., serve further to intimidate the reader,
Note:IL VEZZO

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If you can reproduce that language – and it is, after all, not so hard, since there are no constraints of logic, truth, observation or sincerity – you will be on the way to the A grade
Note:10 E LODE

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the idea of the Other rescued from ‘classical German philosophy’ by Kojève.
Note:FRSE L IDEA FULCRO DEL VDELIRIO FRANCESE

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By the early 1970s, a kind of impenetrable meta-literature, literature about literature about literature, had evolved, incorporating the features I have mentioned, and about which only one thing was clear – namely, what side it was on. If the politics were obvious, then the obscurity of the language was no defect.
Note:UNA SOLA COSA È CHIARA

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obscurity could be read as proof of a profundity
Note:...ANZI

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In their now famous book Intellectual Impostures, Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont attack the phony expertise of Deleuze, Guattari, Baudrillard, Lacan and many more.
Note:LA REAZIONE

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My real criticism is that they overlook the political significance of the postmodern meta-literature.
Note:CRTICA A SOKAL

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they fail to point out, and perhaps fail even to see, that being on the left is what it is all about.
Note:Cccccccc

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For the mass of commentators (and they do indeed form a mass) Deleuze is to be received as a prophet.
Note:UN PROFETA DEVE FAR ACCADERE LE COSE

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Having touched base, so to speak, with the real agenda, the prose then rambles on,
Note:LA PROSA COME UNA TROBA X LA CARICA

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Occasionally there is an abrupt and arresting paradox. For example, we are told that ‘the Idea knows nothing of negation’; we learn that ‘while it is in the nature of consciousness to be false, problems by their nature escape consciousness’.63 And because these hints are dropped in the course of endorsing (without explaining) the argument of Das Kapital, the reader can be assumed to accept them as obvious.
Note:XCHÈ SI ACCETTANO CERTE STRONZATE?

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What excites them is the promise that ‘difference’ means revolution,
Note:EPPURE C È CHO LEGE QUESTI LIBRI

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syntax without semantics.
Note:NUOVO STILE ACCADEMICO

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When real thought appears, it is out of context, shorn of its foundations, reduced to a scattering of uprooted technicalities.
Note:Cccccccfcfffff

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Moreover, howsoever you build your career, one thing will be certain, you are ‘on the left’ politically, vindicated by all the righteous causes (whatever they might be) of the day, and therefore immune from serious criticism.
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HL 2 RESENTMENT IN BRITAIN: HOBSBAWM AND THOMPSON da finire - fatto HOB manca THOMP

2 RESENTMENT IN BRITAIN: HOBSBAWM AND THOMPSON
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It is a remarkable feature of the English reading public that it is always ready to treat historians as leaders in the world of ideas.
Note:POTERE ALLA STORIA

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Hobsbawm has been much criticized, less for his communist sympathies than for his dogged loyalty to the Party throughout the exposure of its crimes, abandoning his membership only when he had no choice,
Note:UOMO DI PARTITO

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his case also illustrates just how far you can go in collaborating with crime, when the crime is committed on the left. Crimes committed on the right receive no such absolution; and this tells us something important about left-wing movements, which seem to have the capacity assumed by religions, both to authorize crime and to wash the conscience of those who connive at it.
Note:CRIMINE

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The Cambridge spies – Philby, Burgess, Maclean and Blunt – betrayed many people to their deaths and, by revealing the identities of those East European patriots who were organizing resistance to the Nazis in the hope of a democratic, rather than a communist, future, they ensured that Stalin would be able to ‘liquidate’ the most important opponents of his planned advance into Eastern Europe.
Note:LUNGA VITA A STALIN

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Born in Alexandria to Jewish parents, orphaned in childhood, and living in Berlin with the relatives who had adopted him, he suffered the trauma of Hitler’s rise to power in his most vulnerable years.
Note:SCUSATO

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His four-volume history of the emergence of the modern world – The Age of Revolution 1789–1848, The Age of Capital 1848–1875, The Age of Empire, 1875–1914, and The Age of Extremes, 1914–1991 – is a remarkable work of synthesis, seriously misleading only in the fourth volume, where the attempt to whitewash the communist experiment and to lay the blame for all ills at the door of ‘capitalism’ has an aspect that is partly sinister, partly quaint.
Note:GIUDIZIO DI SINTESI SULL OPERA DI H

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‘no serious discussion of history is possible which doesn’t refer back to Marx or, more exactly, which does not start where he starts. And that means, basically . . . a materialist conception of history.’
Note:LA PREMESSA DI H

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Marx’s ‘materialist’ theory of history was a response to Hegel,
Note:PRIMA CONTAVANO DI PIÚ MORALE RELIGIONE COSCIENZA

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It is ‘not consciousness that determines life, but life that determines consciousness

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(The German Ideology).
Note:X MARX...E H

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the basis of social life is likewise material, involving the production, distribution and exchange of goods.
Note:ECONOMIA COME ESSENZA...STRUTTURA

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The social superstructure changes in response to the needs and opportunities of production,
Note:LA LEGGE

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G. A. Cohen, in Karl Marx’s Theory of History: A Defence.
Note:U GRANDE DIFENSORE CONTEMPORANEO DI QS ODEA

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Consider the rise of the novel as an art form during the second half of the eighteenth century. This addressed the self-image of the emerging society, entrenching ideas of liberty and individual responsibility in the life-plans of the property-owning class.
Note:UN ESEMPIO

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Marxist history is less an explanation than a shift of emphasis. Where others might study law, religion, art and family life, Marxists concentrate on the ‘material’ realities, which means the production of food,
Note:NO SPIEGAZIONE MA ENFASI

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More interesting for Marxist historians of Hobsbawm’s generation has been the idea of class.
Note:VOGLIA DI FOMENTARE LA LOTTA DI CLASSE

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the members of the proletariat form a class because they have shared economic interests, in particular the interest in breaking free from ‘wage slavery’

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NELL OTTICA MARXISTA

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From those competing interests arises the ‘class struggle’,
Note:CONFLITTO MESSO AL CENTRO

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when the consciousness of shared economic interests is itself also shared,
Note:IL PROMO PASSO VS LARIVOLUZ

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rewrite the history of the British people as a history of ‘class struggle’.
Note:LA MSSIONE DI H

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PROSA DI CLASSE

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‘parasites’ might equally have been described as merchants and tradesmen, and the ‘reactionary’ professions as the teachers, doctors and agents who, for all their faults, ensured that social capital was passed on and improved throughout the nineteenth century. As in every period, there must have been a few good people among them, including many averse to corruption.
Note:IL LINGUAGGIO DI H LO SMASCHERA

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Marx famously predicted that wages would fall under capitalism,
Note:FATTI SCOMODI LEVATI DI MEZZO

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Research has refuted this prediction, and shown that wages and living standards were, with a few hiccups, steadily rising throughout the Industrial Revolution.
Note:Ccccccccccc

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Rather than accept this, and rewrite his history accordingly, Hobsbawm puts the whole issue in brackets,
Note:LA MOSSA

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Marxist history means rewriting history with class at the top of the agenda. And it involves demonizing the upper class and romanticizing the lower.
Note:RISCRIVERE SECONDO QS MODELLO

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debunking those sources of loyalty that tie ordinary people not to their class (as the Marxist doctrine requires) but to their nation and its traditions.
Note:LA MISSIONE DI H

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To put the point in Marxist terms, the concept of class belongs to science, that of the nation to ideology.
Note:LA NAZIONE NN CONTA

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Hence, in Nations and Nationalism since 1780 Hobsbawm sets out to show that nations are not the natural things they claim to be but inventions, designed to fabricate a specious loyalty to this or that prevailing political system. In The Invention of Tradition
Note:INVENZIONE DELLA TRADIZIONE

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When challenged by the rise of Nazism this ‘nation for itself’ proved far more effective than the international solidarity of the proletariat, which showed itself, by contrast, to be a mere dream of the intellectuals.
Note:UN CASO CHECCONFUTA

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Scottish country dancing and the highland kilt; the Lord Mayor’s procession and the Ceremony of Nine Lessons and Carols; the uniforms and customs of the county regiments – all such things are of course the product of the imagination.
Note:GLI ESEMPI SCELTI DA H

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imagination also provides us with symbols of a deep and lasting reality; and those particular examples of ‘tradition for itself’ are of little significance when set beside the ‘tradition in itself’
Note:LA CRITICA A H

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the example that, properly understood, leaves the Marxist theory of history in ruins: the common law of the English-speaking people.
Note:L ESEMPIO CRUCIALE...DI TRADIZIONE MILLENARIA

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the liturgy of the Catholic communions, diatonic tonality in music, the symphony orchestra and the brass band, the pas de Basque in formation dances, the two–piece suit and tie,11 the offices of Parliament, the crown, the knife and fork, sauce béarnaise, greetings such as Grüß Gott and sabah an-noor, grace before meals, manners, honour in peace and in war.
Note:ALTRE TRADIZIONI AUTENTICHE

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Hobsbawm does not describe Lenin’s policies in detail, but summarizes them in Marxist Newspeak.
Note:ALTRO PUNTO DEBOLE DI H....LIBRI IV TOMO THE AGE OF EXTREDMES

Yellow highlight | Location: 846

Lenin acted on behalf of ‘the masses’,
Note:LA TESI DI H

Yellow highlight | Location: 848

the ability to recognize what the masses wanted . . . ’ (p. 61),
Note:L ABILITÀ DI LENIN

Yellow highlight | Location: 849

Hobsbawm brushes away the question of who the ‘masses’ were, and whether they really called for the violence

Note | Location: 850

LACUNA

Yellow highlight | Location: 851

‘Who – he said so often enough – could imagine that the victory of socialism “can come about . . . except by the complete destruction of the Russian and European bourgeoisie”?’
Note:LE PAROLE DI L CHE H MINIMIZZA MA DA CUI È EVIDENTE UN PROGETTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 857

Whatever the Bolsheviks did was achieved by ‘the necessarily ruthless and disciplined army of human emancipation’ (p. 72),
Note:CRUDELTÀ GIUSTIFICATA

Yellow highlight | Location: 860

Marxist history does not bother with things like law and judicial process, Hobsbawm sees no need to mention Lenin’s decree of 21 November 1917, which abrogated the courts,
Note:E CHE STRANI MEZZI X EMANCIPARSI

Yellow highlight | Location: 863

Lenin’s founding of the Cheka, precursor of the KGB, and his empowering it to use all the terrorist methods required in order to express the will of the ‘masses’ against that of mere people, is of course not mentioned. Nor is the famine of 1921, the first of three man-made famines in early Soviet history, used by Lenin in order to impose the will of the ‘masses’ on those recalcitrant Ukrainian peasants
Note:L OMESSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 867

Reading these pages of The Age of Extremes I found myself astonished that the book had not been dismissed as a scandal of the same order as David Irving’s whitewash of the Holocaust.
Note:IL DAVID IRVING ROSSO...PRATICAMENTE UN NEGAZIONISTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 869

committed
DA FINIRE CON TOMPSON....ARRIVATI FINO A HABSBAWN

F il dilettante è pigro

http://fakenous.net/?p=564

GAFFE

GAFFE

Hai appena fatto una gaffe sessista? Oppure omofoba? Oppure razzista?...

Prega... ma non scusarti: deluderesti i tuoi e faresti capire agli altri che non si sono indignati a sufficienza.

PAPERS.SSRN.COM

Does Apologizing Work? An Empirical Test of the Conventional Wisdom by Richard Hanania :: SSRN

Politicians and other public figures often apologize after making controversial…

COME ADATTARSI ALL' AMBIENTE?

COME ADATTARSI ALL' AMBIENTE?

1) Animali: mutazione genetica.
2) Uomo: cultura.
3) Emulatori: eugenetica.
4) Robot: blockchain.
5)...

MALEDETTI FRANCESI: IL MERAVIGLIOSO MONDO DELLA FILOSOFIA

IL MERAVIGLIOSO MONDO DELLA FILOSOFIA FRANCESE

Ma guardate come il genio ipnotico di Louis Althusser riesce ad esporre il seguente concetto: "per comprendere un argomento occorre capire il suo significato”. La parola al visionario logoteta:

“… Comprendere un argomento ideologico implica, al livello stesso dell'ideologia, una conoscenza simultanea e congiunta del campo ideologico in cui un pensiero emerge e cresce; nonché l'esposizione dell'unità interna di questo pensiero: ovvero la sua problematica. La conoscenza del campo ideologico stesso presuppone la conoscenza delle problematiche aggravate o opposte ad essa. L'interrelazione della particolare problematica del pensiero dell'individuo in esame con le particolari problematiche dei pensieri appartenenti al campo ideologico consente di prendere una decisione sulla differenza specifica dell'autore, cioè di vagliare se sia emerso un nuovo significato…”

SIAMO TUTTI PIANISTI

SIAMO TUTTI PIANISTI

I pianisti si devono esercitare ogni giorno con le scale. Hanno una vita dura. Non si capisce perché la tua debba essere da meno. Tu cosa fai di equivalente? Se non sai rispondere allora o non stai facendo abbastanza o sei poco ambizioso.

Un decalogo per la propria salute mentale.

1) Scrivi ogni giorno qualcosa.

2) Riporta su carta una tua idea o - meglio - un'idea altrui che trovi stimolante.

3) Leggi ogni giorno un libro serio.

4) Ripensa e correggi le risposte che hai dato e che trovi meno convincenti (di solito sono quelle in cui hai alzato di più la voce).

5) Esperimento mentale: interpretate la posizione altrui assumendo che sia corretta.

6) Ascolta ogni giorno una musica complessa.

7) Cerca il dialogo con chi ne sa più di te.

8) Scegli amicizie stimolanti e poco competitive.

9) Chiediti ogni giorno: "cosa ho imparato oggi?".

10) Meno televisione e più esercizio fisico.

https://feedly.com/i/entry/Od/Z0OrlTBzSrJtcae1t5qtueOtvOco3UFNx6gD9Pd4=_16be9bd3c1c:bbbd:dd8759

post corretto (vedi internalismo) OGGETTO E NATURA

OGGETTO E NATURA

Giovanni e Giuseppe sono due anti-relativisti, pensano che esista una morale assoluta, una bellezza assoluta, e magari anche una verità assoluta. ma non pensano questa cosa esattamente nella stessa maniera. Seguono esempi.

Giovanni pensa che uccidere un innocente sia oggettivamente sbagliato.

Giuseppe pensa che uccidere un innocente non sia conforme alla natura umana.

Giovanni pensa che i quartetti d’archi di Beethoven siano oggettivamente belli.

Giuseppe pensa che i quartetti d’archi di Beethoven siano in armonia con la natura umana.

Giovanni e Giuseppe hanno un nemico comune (il relativismo) ma anche tra loro, come abbiamo visto, ci sono delle differenze. Per Giovanni la giustizia e la bellezza sono proprietà di un oggetto (o di un evento) che sta fuori e noi riconosciamo, per Giuseppe invece sono qualcosa che si costruisce dentro di noi. Giovanni mette al centro le cose, Giovanni l’uomo. Per Giovanni giustizia e bellezza esistono a prescindere dall’esistenza dell’uomo, per Giuseppe no. Per Giovanni le cascate del Niagara sono belle anche se non ci fossero uomini ad ammirarle, cosa che Giuseppe negherebbe senza esitare.

Voi con chi state? Proviamo a vedere cosa dice la scienza, ormai il tribunale ultimo per tutte le questioni.

Lo scienziato che fa il filosofo tende ad assecondare Giovanni, questa figura (Monod?) ha una vera fobia per il “soggetto” e appena puo’ lo esclude dal suo schema.

Ma lo scienziato che fa lo scienziato tende invece ad assecondare Giuseppe: se l’uomo trova bella una tela blu di Yves Klein, lui sa che un’ape nemmeno lo vede quel blu (lo vede rosso e non si puo’ certo dire che si sbaglii). Il colore, senza un soggetto che lo crei in sé nemmeno è colore ma giusto una lunghezza d’onda, difficile pensare allora che la bellezza esista oggettivamente. Allo stesso modo, un leone che uccide una gazzella, uccide un innocente ma nessuno lo colpevolizza, anche se avesse delle alternative: è la sua natura! Compie quindi un atto (uccidere l’innocente) che non è oggettivamente malvagio.

Conclusione: l’appello alla natura è un’ottima strategia per combattere in modo coerente il relativismo, non lasciamoci confondere dagli abusi compiuti in suo nome nel corso della storia.

E adesso l'ultima domanda, quella a cui è più ostico rispondere: in questo articolo si realizza uno degli abusi di cui sopra?

https://www.aldomariavalli.it/2019/07/11/la-morte-di-vincet-lambert-leutanasia-di-stato-e-gli-errori-filosofici-e-contro-la-fede/

NON FARE FIGLI E' UN ERRORE COGNITIVO?

NON FARE FIGLI E' UN ERRORE COGNITIVO?

Stando alla teoria evoluzionistica dovremmo fare più figli possibile e metterli in grado di fare più nipoti possibile. Eppure noi diventiamo sempre più ricchi e facciamo sempre meno figli.

Cosa c’è che non va? E' sbagliata la teoria o siamo sbagliati noi?

HL Chapter 2 Modes le 3 transizioni: uomo-cacciatore-agricoltore-industriale-artificiale

Chapter 2 Modes
Note:2@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

Yellow highlight | Location: 379

Precedents
Note:Ttttttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 380

A review of the biggest past changes offers a weak basis for expectations about the magnitudes and types of future changes.
Note:IL METODO

Yellow highlight | Location: 382

three key transitions: the introduction of humans, farming, and industry.
Note:TRE GRANDI TRANSIZIONI

Yellow highlight | Location: 383

Humans foraged, that is, searched, for food from a few million to about 10 000 years ago. From then until a few hundred years ago, we farmed and herded.
Note:STORIA DELL UOMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 385

Social group sizes have steadily increased over this history.
Note:DIMENSIONI GRUPPO

Yellow highlight | Location: 389

These sizes fit a simple if mysterious pattern: each era’s community sizes have been roughly the square of the previous era’s sizes; a band is roughly a group of groups, a village is roughly a band of bands, and a city is roughly a village of villages.
Note:LEGGE DEL QUADRATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 392

About 20 billion humans have been born since 1750, roughly 50 to a 100 billion were born between 10 000 years ago and 1750, and a similar number of near-humans were born in the million or so years before 10 000 years ago (Haub 2011
Note:NUMERI

Yellow highlight | Location: 403

maybe primates needed sufficient cognitive abilities before they could switch to slowly accumulating innovations via culture, rather than via genes.
Note:IL GRANDE SALTO DELKA CRESCITA...

Yellow highlight | Location: 408

What if new modes of growth and information diffusion are possible, modes that we have not yet seen because they are not yet feasible with our current technology
Note:ccccccccDAI GENI ALLA CULTURA ALLA

Yellow highlight | Location: 415

given the previous pattern of era community sizes being roughly the square of prior era community sizes, communities in the next era might hold roughly a trillion people.
Note:ESTRAPOLAZIONE SULLA POPOLAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 417

If the pattern of past growth rate changes continues, a new growth era will appear sometime in the next century or so. At that point, within the space of roughly five years the world economy might change from current growth rates to doubling steadily roughly every few weeks or months. And within a year or two of this new doubling rate, the economy in such a new era might have doubled another 10 times, and thus could plausibly be ready to change yet again to a new era, perhaps even one that doubles in hours.

Yellow highlight | Location: 423

Prior Eras
Note:Nttttttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 425

They lived something like today’s chimps and bonobos, in large sexually promiscuous groups with complex and intense Machiavellian politics, and using unusually large brains to manage such politics.
Note:PRIMATI PRE UMANI...BANDE

Yellow highlight | Location: 428

Pre-human primates were split into many species, one of which eventually evolved a strong cultural capacity, that is, ways to reliably copy associates’ detailed behaviors.
Note:NASCE L UOMO E LA CULTURA...MOLTO PIÙ VELOCE DELLA GENETICA

Yellow highlight | Location: 431

human foragers had longer lives, larger brains and bodies, stronger mating pair bonds, larger social groups, better relations between neighboring groups, a greater division of labor, and more mobility.
Note:RISPETTO AGLI ALTRI PRIMATI

Yellow highlight | Location: 434

Tools and language enabled foragers to enforce general norms against overt dominance,
Note:EGALITARISMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 435

Groups didn’t war, although individuals were sometimes violent
Note:GRAZIE ALLA MOBILITÀ E ALL EGUAGLIANZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 439

Roughly 10 000 years ago, when humans acquired a sufficient density and reliability of food sources, they began to “farm,” that is, to stay near local plants and animals instead of wandering the wild.
Note:LA SVOLTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 441

The settlement and density of farmers enabled both trade and war, both of which complemented property in items, land, wives, and slaves. Farmer advantages in war, coming in part from their higher density, helped to ensure that farming replaced foraging.
Note:GUERRA E SCHIAVITÙ

Yellow highlight | Location: 443

Compared with foragers, farmers became richer in material comforts, but poorer in leisure time.
Note:TRADE OFF

Yellow highlight | Location: 444

Farmers’ increased food reliability also encouraged less sharing and stronger property rights.
Note:EGOISMO E DISEGUAGLIANZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 449

farmers spent less time on play such as music and art. Instead, farmers played more competitively such as by introducing competitive sports.
Note:RITUALI MENO MERCATO NTENSI

Yellow highlight | Location: 452

Many farmer-era changes, such as explicit dominance, group violence, stable locations, less art, less varied diets, less sharing, and easier mental work, can be understood as farmers partially reverting back to the ways typical of non-human primates.
Note:LA VITA DURA DELL AGRICOLTORE...ERANO ANCHE PIÙ MALATICCI VIVENDO IN GRANDI GRUPPI

Yellow highlight | Location: 455

Stronger pressures to conform, and the introduction of stronger religions with moralizing gods, added more pressures to act like farmers.
Note:LE ARMI VINCENTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 456

more reliable access to the mood-altering drug of alcohol, and writing later allowed the accumulation and sharing of persuasive propaganda and stories.
Note:LA NARRAZIONE...INTRODUSSERO ANCHE IL BACIO ROMANTICO

Yellow highlight | Location: 461

Farmers cared more about politeness, self-control, self-sacrifice, and bravery in war. Farmers planned ahead more, disciplined their children more, had more children in good times, and were less accepting of pre- and extra-marital sex.
Note:LE VIRTÙ

Yellow highlight | Location: 463

rates of death from war, that is, organized conflict, have consistently fallen (Pinker 2011). Interest rates have also consistently fallen, reflecting more long-term planning,

Note | Location: 465

DA 10000 ANNI IN QUA

Yellow highlight | Location: 465

Cities seem to have predated farming, and may have helped initiate farming. The first cities mainly offered monumental architecture for large rituals.
Note:RUOLO DELLE CITTÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 473

Our Era
Note:TttttttttttINDUSTRIALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 475

Such factors may have included technology levels, communication or travel costs, the division of labor, trading region scope, organization size, savings rate, and expert network connectedness.
Note:IL FATTORE DECISIVO CHE HA SUPERATO LA SOGLIA CRITICA E FATTO SCATTARE LA RIVOLUZ INDUSTRIALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 477

fast changing clothes fashions,
Note:PRIMO EFFETTO...LA MODA

Yellow highlight | Location: 478

promoted a general taste for exploration, science, and innovation
Note:CULTURA

Yellow highlight | Location: 480

Whereas geography mattered greatly for prosperity during the farming era, social institutions came to matter more for prosperity during the industry era
Note:DALLA GWOGRAFIA ALLE ISTITUZIONI

Yellow highlight | Location: 483

Forager sleep patterns are similar to ours today (Yetish et al. 2015), but in the winter in cold climates farmers tended to sleep in 4-hour blocks broken by a serene 2-hour midnight wakeful period (Strand 2015
Note:DOPO LA RIVOL IL SONNO SI FA PIÙ COMPRESSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 485

Cheaper glass allows more people to see well,
Note:OCCHI

Yellow highlight | Location: 486

Cheaper clocks make our lives more scheduled,
Note:OROLOGI

Yellow highlight | Location: 487

cheaper soap, underwear, dinnerware, and sewers have made us cleaner.
Note:PULIZIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 487

Cheaper refrigeration gives us more kinds of food,
Note:CIBO

Yellow highlight | Location: 487

cheaper maps, engines, and the wheel (used much less before) let us visit more places more often.
Note:VIAGGI

Yellow highlight | Location: 489

mood-altering drugs are more widely available
Note:SOGNARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 491

propaganda and stories have became more persuasive, and more easily distributed.
Note:NARRAZIONI

Yellow highlight | Location: 496

political coalitions became stronger and more often defined by ideologies, instead of by locations, families, or ethnicities.
Note:IDEOLOGIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 498

Cities moved from holding a few percent of the population to holding the majority.
Note:CITTÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 499

Law came to be dominated by specialists such as lawyers and police
Note:AZZERATO L INFORMALISMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 499

Empires that rarely mattered much to ordinary farmers were replaced by nations,
Note:LA NAZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 505

The industrial era has also seen a steady fall in fertility and a steady rise in life-span, per-person income, abstract intelligence, leisure time, peace, promiscuity, romance, civility, mentally challenging work, and medical and art spending (Flynn 2007; Pinker 2011).
Note:ALTRE VARIABILI

Yellow highlight | Location: 508

we industrial people are rich.
Note:IN SINTESI

Yellow highlight | Location: 511

Compared with the farming era, industry has also seen more egalitarianism, fewer overt class distinctions, and more emphasis on individual self-direction.
Note:TORNA L EGALITARISMO DA ABBONDANZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 514

This increased individualism has led to more product and behavior variety, and fewer overt rituals.
Note:INIVIDUALISMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 516

Many of these industrial-era trends can be usefully seen as a reversion to forager values as wealth weakened farming-era social pressures.
Note:UN RITORNO AI VALORI FORAGE

Yellow highlight | Location: 517

at work industrial era people are more like hyper-farmers. Schools train us to think more abstractly, and to accept more workplace domination than most farmers would accept.
Note:TUTTAVIA....

Yellow highlight | Location: 525

we have consistently seen more and faster growth, larger organizations, more specialization and tool use, more artificial environments, more effective propaganda and drugs, more population density and inequality, and more alienation from work habits that feel natural to foragers.

Note | Location: 527

TREND OMOGENEI NELLE TRANSIZIONI

Yellow highlight | Location: 528

We’ve also seen large but inconsistent changes in health, fertility, mobility, peacefulness, art, planning horizons, the mental challenges of work, and attitudes toward sex.
Note:CAMBIAMENTI POCO CHIARI

Yellow highlight | Location: 531

When proto-humans became humans the transition inequality was huge; all but one subspecies went extinct. Even the subspecies that contributed most to our DNA, the Neanderthals, only contributed a few percent.
Note:I PERDENTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 533

The transition from foraging to farming was more equitable; a larger fraction of new farmers were foragers who switched to farming
Note:SECONDA

Yellow highlight | Location: 534

The transition from farming to industry was even more equitable;
Note:TERZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 538

Although the transition to an em world is likely to materially benefit most humans, descendants of only a tiny fraction of humans dominate the new society; most ordinary humans have a far smaller fractional influence on the world than they did before the transition.
Note:LA PROSSIMA

Yellow highlight | Location: 542

Era Values
Note:Ttttttttyttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 543

how values have changed in the past,
Note:Ttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 547

Small family values emphasize resources, dominance, and achievement, and larger communities’ values emphasize humility, caring, and dependability.
Note:ASSE FAMIGLIA NUCLEARE COMUNITÀ...USA URSS

Yellow highlight | Location: 555

Poor nations place more value on conformity, security, and traditional values such as marriage, heterosexuality, religion, patriotism, hard work, and trust in authority. In contrast, rich nations place more value on individualism, self-direction, tolerance, pleasure, nature, leisure, and trust.
Note:SECONDO ASSE...RICCHI E POVERI

Yellow highlight | Location: 557

left/liberal (rich) versus right/conservative (poor) axis.
Note:GROSSO MDO

Yellow highlight | Location: 558

Foragers tend to have values more like those of rich/liberal people today, while subsistence farmers tend to have values more like those of poor/conservative people today.
Note:AGRICOLTORI E CACCIATORE.....DA QUANDO L INDUSTRIA CI H FATTO RICCHI

Yellow highlight | Location: 563

The rich know that they can better afford to behave in ways that feel natural and admirable,
Note:IL RICCO SI CONCEDE L INDISCIPLINA....PUNTA SULL IMMAGINE COMPETE SUI CONSUMI E IL TALENTO LE ABILITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 563

and these behaviors tend to be forager-like. For example, the rich can better afford to focus on impressing those around them, instead of just surviving.

Yellow highlight | Location: 568

Spending on medicine has risen from 4% in 1930 to 18% today.
Note:ESEMPIO DI SPRECO CONTEMPORANEO

Yellow highlight | Location: 574

Rich-nation industrial-era values do differ from forager values in important ways, however, such as in accepting city-level density and anonymity, and high levels of workplace alienation and domination.
Note:RICCHI E CACIATORI...NN PROPRIO UGUALI

Yellow highlight | Location: 578

ems may have more farmer-like conservative values.
Note:TESI....COSÌ COME NN ESISTONO EM BAMBINI NEMMENO ESISTERANNO I PERDIGIORNO

Yellow highlight | Location: 579

Dreamtime
Note:Ttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 584

our rich industrial-era behavior is biologically maladaptive in the sense of not even approximately maximizing each person’s number of descendants.
Note:IL LUSSO DELLA MODERNITÀ....QS LUSSI ERANO INVECE IN ARMONIA CON L AMBIENTE DEI CACCIATORI

Yellow highlight | Location: 587

social rates of change have outpaced the abilities of both genetic and cultural selection to adapt our behaviors well to our new environments.
Note:NN TENAMO IL PASSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 591

Today, we tend to rely on more abstract styles of thought, which leads us to more often embrace good-looking delusions.
Note:UN SEGNALE DI ESIBIZIONISMO SPRECONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 593

evolutionary pressures encouraged foragers to unknowingly do many things to show off to each other. Our wealth today induces us to do this more,
Note:ESIBIZIONIMO SPRECONE...ALTRI ESEMPI

Yellow highlight | Location: 595

art, music, dress, and conversation
Note:Cccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 604

good sex, food, places, and objects.
Note:ALTRE TENTAZIONI DEL CACIATORE RESUSCITA

Yellow highlight | Location: 605

rhetoric, eloquence, difficulty, drama, repetition,

Note | Location: 605

Ccccccccccf

Yellow highlight | Location: 606

Today, such habits leave us with weak defenses against the super-stimuli of mass-produced food, drugs, music, TV, video games, ads, and propaganda.
Note:NELL ABBONDANZA TI ANNULLA....CONSUMIAMO PIÙ DELL OTTIMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 608

The “demographic transition” is the tendency of societies to switch to having far fewer children as they become rich, often via new status norms transmitted via education and mass media
Note:IL CENTRO DEL MANCATO ADATTAMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 610

in farming societies richer people tended to have more children,
Note:LA REGOLA

Yellow highlight | Location: 614

This fall in fertility is perhaps the most dramatic demonstration that our behavior is biologically maladaptive.
Note:CVD.....L AMBIENTE MUTA COSÌ VGELOCEMENTE CHE NN CI ADATIAMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 617

our cultures today also seem maladaptive, in the sense that they don’t promote their own adoption as much as they could, via war, trade, teaching, and proselytizing.
Note:ALTRO BRUTTO SEGNO

Yellow highlight | Location: 619

criminal convicts have higher fertility than do others, mostly as a result of having more partners (Yao et al. 2014).
Note:BRUTTO SEGNO

Recently, some have celebrated our maladaptive behaviors (Stanovich 2004). They see such behaviors as evidence that we are breaking free of the shackles that have enslaved us to our genetic programming.
LA CELEBRAZIONE DEL MANCATO ADATTAMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 639

our era is indeed an unusual dreamtime that probably cannot last.
Note:L ERA DELLO SPRECO NN DURERÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 640

Limits
Note:TtttttttttttIL LIMITE CI BLOCCA E CI DA TEMPO DI RECUPERARE...IL RITORNO DI MALTHUS AL TEMPO DI EM

Yellow highlight | Location: 642

Unless we greatly misunderstand the nature of physical law, substantial useful innovation and economic growth must come to end “soon,” at least on cosmological timescales of billions or more years.
Note:PREVISIONE DI LUNG XIODO

Yellow highlight | Location: 644

if the economic growth rates of the last century were to continue for only a million more years, that would produce growth by a factor of 10 to the power of 3000, which seems physically impossible, at least for value gains of human-like psychologies in a universe such as ours.
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 647

Once all available physical matter is converted into very advanced artifacts there seems little room for further rapid growth in physical resources.
Note:VALORE E TRASFORMAZIONE FOSICA...DUBBI

Yellow highlight | Location: 653

Yes, the extent and detail of virtual realities could increase without limit, but
Note:UNA VIA DI FUGA

Yellow highlight | Location: 660

In fact, for the vast majority of future history, growth and innovation are probably mostly imperceptible, and thus irrelevant for most practical purposes.
Note:TESI RIPETUTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 663

this end of innovation suggests our descendants will become extremely well adapted in a biological sense to the stable components of their environment.
Note:COROLLARIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 665

population will rise to levels consistent with a competitive evolutionary equilibrium, with living standards near adaptive subsistence levels. Such consumption levels have characterized almost all animals in Earth history, almost all humans before 200 years ago, and a billion humans today.
Note:RITORNO DI MALTHUS

Yellow highlight | Location: 684

a larger population of creatures that are smaller, use less energy, and have low living standards, behavior better adapted to their environment,
Note:IL FUTURO È DI MALTHUS

Yellow highlight | Location: 686

ems seem to have less leisure and income, better-adapted behaviors, and cultures that are more fragmented than ours in important ways.
Note:EMS ADATTIVI

Yellow highlight | Location: 687

Although growth is faster “objectively,” that is, relative to a fixed clock, to the typical em growth seems slower “subjectively,” that is, relative to the rate at which he or she personally experiences events.
CRESCITA SOGGETTIVA E OGGETTIVA

TUTTOMULTE

Passiamo ora alla riforma della giustizia (così non ne parliamo più). Avrei voluto scrivere un libro sul tema ma poi mi sono detto: "perché mai visto che posso scrivere un post su Facebook". Il nuovo sistema - forse ne avevo già accennato - potrebbe chiamarsi il TAGLIAMULTA, ecco i cinque pilastri su cui si fonda:

1) Leva di mezzo la distinzione tra penale e civile (con tutto l'amabaradan che si tira dietro)

2) Istituisci una taglia per ogni illecito.

3) Imponi a tutti un’assicurazione di responsabilità civile/penale.

4) Stabilisci una multa per ogni illecito.

5) Lascia che assicuratori e clienti (cittadini) negozino nelle clausole eventuali restrizioni alla libertà individuale.

Problemi? Io no. Non pretendo la perfezione, mi basta il migliore dei mondi possibili.

https://feedly.com/i/entry/pCjzw1s9uw4o7o2a6k88mWl61VH8mv6Frk5BTARJuI0=_16bddd77393:5be4eb1:561e4df6

http://www.overcomingbias.com/2018/01/privately-enforced-punished-crime.html

COMPRA LA SALUTE, NON L’ASSISTENZA SANITARIA

Urca, è già quasi mezzogiorno e devo ancora riformare la sanità. E meglio che mi sbrighi visto che nel pomeriggio mi tocca riformare la giustizia.

Dunque, punto numero uno della riforma è battezzarla come si deve. Userò questo slogan: COMPRA LA SALUTE, NON L’ASSISTENZA SANITARIA

Protocollo:

1) Prendi il costo medio sanitario per paziente a tutt’oggi.

2) Trasformalo in voucher da rendere disponibile per chi lo desidera.

3) Imponi a chi ritira il voucher di comprare un’assicurazione sanitaria.

4) Imponi all’assicuratore di vendere sempre abbinata alla prima anche un’assicurazione sulla vita/invalidità/infortuni.

Fine.

https://feedly.com/i/entry/pCjzw1s9uw4o7o2a6k88mWl61VH8mv6Frk5BTARJuI0=_16bddd77393:5be4eb1:561e4df6

http://www.overcomingbias.com/2007/10/buy-health-not.html

LE GRANDI INVENZIONI

LE GRANDI INVENZIONI

1) Invenzione dell’uomo (200.000 anni fa).

2) Invenzione dell’agricoltura (10.000 anni fa).

3) Invenzione dell’industria (200 anni fa).

4) Invenzione dell’intelligenza artificiale (tra 100 anni).

La quarta invenzione è misteriosa ma possiamo fare delle previsioni estrapolando dalle precedenti.

Esempio: se i trend di crescita economica continueranno, un nuovo balzo è prevedibile nel prossimo secolo, in questa nuova era il raddoppio della ricchezza potrà avvenire ogni poche settimane o mesi, e dopo qualche anno di transizione è ragionevole ritenere che il raddoppio della ricchezza globale possa avvenire in poche ore.

I DUE "RAZZISMI"

I DUE "RAZZISMI"

Ci sono due modi per essere "razzisti" (si notino le virgolette): 1) scegliere di votare per i partiti della destra tradizionalista e 2) scegliere di abitare in condomini/quartieri dove la % di immigrati "freschi" è sotto il 10-20%.

Ora, praticamente tutti gli europei sono "razzisti" poiché chi non sceglie di votare per i partiti della destra tradizionalista sceglie quasi sempre di abitare in condomini/quartieri dove la presenza degli immigrati è sotto la soglia di sicurezza.

LA NUOVA POLITICA

LA NUOVA POLITICA

Non è l'economia, stupido!

E' la fine della tua etnia.

p.s. etnia = cultura comune + credenza in un antenato comune.

COMPLOTTISMO COME ULTIMA SPIAGGIA

A me certe denunce di "complottismo", per quanto meritorie, suonano come ultima spiaggia di chi ha sbagliato l'analisi complessiva della situazione. Per spiegarmi pongo due quesiti:

1) La “sostituzione etnica” è il nostro destino?

2) L’ansia che procura questo evento è giustificata?

Chi non risponde con un sì alla prima domanda (magari perché perde tempo a contare l’equipaggio dei barchini) manca della più elementare conoscenza demografica. Chi non risponde di “sì” alla seconda difetta della più elementare conoscenza della mente umana (che è essenzialmente tribale).

E’ l’implicita doppia negazione alle suddette domande che scatena per reazione i deliri complottistici. Insomma, chi nega ad oltranza merita che una caterva di ipotesi inverosimili gli si rovesci addosso.

VIETATO GIOCARE

VIETATO GIOCARE

Oggi non vogliamo deferenza anche perché non vogliamo distanza, ma il più possibile vicinanza, contiguità. Non facciamo altro che “abbattere le distanze”. Ci fa sentire più uniti, più fratelli.  Una donna, di fronte alla cavalleria di un uomo, oggi potrebbe sentirsi offesa. La democrazia ha concepito la deferenza come una forma di servilismo. Non c’è qualcosa di degradante, o di servile, nel mostrare deferenza verso un altro essere umano? Non siamo sostanzialmente tutti uguali? Non accade spesso che molti personaggi altolocati non ci siano affatto superiori per saggezza, sapere o competenza? La deferenza si potrebbe estendere al concetto di saper stare al proprio posto e saper stare al proprio posto è diventato un problema nel momento in cui la società è ormai sempre meno un insieme di posti.

L'unico luogo in cui si tollerano ancora le distanze (e quindi l'omaggio a chi ci è superiore) è il gioco, ovvero lo sport. Nel calcio le differenze nette sono un pre-requisito, maglie troppo simili vanno cambiate, occorre rimarcare la distanza. Nello sport, vincente e perdente stanno su gradini diversi, ricevono medaglie di metallo diverso, il ruolo della fortuna è ben tollerato e chi sta dietro rende omaggio a chi sta davanti.

Sarà per questo che il liberale - sEcondo Minogue - ha un'intollerabile CONCEZIONE LUDICA della società?

http://www.fondazionehume.it/societa/riflessioni-su-deferenza-e-rispetto/

I NOSTRI CONCORRENTI

I NOSTRI CONCORRENTI

Prendi la tua testa, mettila in una stampante 3D e fotocopiala.

Otterrai un oggetto fatto di cellule configurate esattamente come il tuo cervello che, quindi, adeguatamente alimentato, pensa con la stessa potenza del tuo cervello. Se vuoi che si esprima e comunichi “uploadalo” su un computer che tradurrà i suoi impulsi in bit. Se vuoi, puoi anche collegare il computer ad unità periferiche che fungano da corpo.

Anziché perdere tempo con il tuo cervellino, prendi direttamente quello di Albert Einstein e John von Neumann e fanne centinaia di copie, poi mettile al lavoro come fossero i tuoi schiavi.

Anzi, dopo aver fatto centinaia di copie di tutti i cervelli migliori, velocizzali trattandoli con quelle sostanze chimiche che sai, rendili più ubbidienti usando altre sostanze che ti dico dopo in separata sede, e magari li integri pure con dei circuiti elettrici che aumentano la loro resistenza allo sforzo. Questa macchina è parecchio più intelligente di Einstein e lavora H24 per te.

Hai ottenuto degli EMULATORI. Non sono dei ROBOT per il semplice fatto che il loro hardware è essenzialmente biologico.

Ecco, nella competizione tra cervelli umani e cervelli artificiali è difficile che avremo dei ROBOT competitivi in grado di sostituire completamente l’uomo, almeno a breve. Per un'analogia, considera tutti i possibili lavori non-mentali dell’uomo. Mentre le macchine sono entrate da parecchio tempo in quest'area, facciamo ancora molti compiti importanti "a mano", e il cambiamento è stato piuttosto lento e costante per un lungo periodo. Data la maggiore complessità dei lavori mentali, c’è da credere che per l’intelligenza artificiale (quella vera), se mai arriverà, ci faccia attendere parecchio tempo.

Molto più probabile che i nostri concorrenti siano gli emulatori: il loro hardware biologico si presta meno ad essere migliorato ma la loro fattibilità è di gran lunga più promettente.

https://feedly.com/i/entry/pCjzw1s9uw4o7o2a6k88mWl61VH8mv6Frk5BTARJuI0=_16bd7516a87:52c5419:561e4df6