Chapter 3 Bach’s Cantata on the Destruction of Jerusalem
Note:3@@@@@@@@@@@@
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,384
anonymous sixteenth-century painting now known by the title Gesetz und Gnade (“law and grace”)
Note:NELLA CHIESA DI LIPSIA DOVE B LAVORÒ
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,386
a powerful series of theologically conventional contrasts of type with antitype.
Note:OGGETTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,387
Moses is shown on his knees at the edge of a precipice, receiving stone tablets—the law
Note:SULL ESTREMA SINISTRA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,388
Mary, with wavy blond hair, is shown receiving a cross-bearing baby Jesus
Note:A DESTRA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,390
Adam and Eve break God’s law
Note:IN ALTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,391
Jesus, with heavenly rays beaming from his head, suffers on the cross (a sort of tree) and is shown conquering death.
Note:IN BASSO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,392
serpent amid exodus encampments of the Hebrew
Note:IN ALTO A DS
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,393
a large church of Christian worship amid the established city of God,
Note:IN BASSO A SIN
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,395
on the left, a neatly long-bearded, fancy-headdress-bearing, unidentified prophet, richly clad in red;
Note:SULL SFONDO TRE FIGURE...PRIMA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,396
nimbus-bearing John the Baptist, poorly clad in red;
Note:SECONDA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,396
a seminaked man.
Note:LA TERZA IN MEZZO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,399
man without grace”).
Note:ISCRIZIONE SOTTO IL PROFETA BARBUTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,401
proclaimer of Christ”).
Note:ISCRIZIONE SOTTO IL BATTISTA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,405
The picture appears to show humanity per se presented with a Hercules-like choice between the virtues of redemption and life on the one hand and the vices of sin
Note:L ALLEGORIA...IL PROFETA È IL VECCHIO CHE RIFIUTA UN NUOVO PATTO CON DIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,409
an extraordinary tree; its right side teems with foliage, while its left side is completely withered.
Note:DAVANTI A TUTTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,415
following inscriptions: at the left, Moses mit dem Gesetz. / Der Sünder. / Propheten (“Moses with the law. / The sinner. / Prophets”); and at the right, Unsere Rechtfertigung. / … Anzeiger Christi (“our justification. / … proclaimer of Christ”).
Note:SOGGETTO COMUNE...QUADRO SIMILE NELL ALTRA CHIESA DI LIPSIA DOVE B LAVORÓ
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,421
judgment about the progress made in moving narratively from the historical failings of an old Israel under the law
Note:L ALLEGORIA DI QS QUADRI È CHIARA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,422
the triumphs made possible for a new Israel grounded in faith through God’s grace.
Note:LA META
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,424
law is considered “good” only insofar as it is a necessary step leading forward to the inclusion of the grace
Note:LA BONTÀ RELATIVA DELLA LEGGE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,429
Thesis
Note:Tttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,429
Schauet doch und sehet, ob irgendein Schmerz sei wie mein Schmerz (BWV 46),
Note:OGGETTO ANALISI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,431
contrasts between the first three and the last three of its six movements.
Note:CARATTWRISTICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,432
Bach’s musical setting of Cantata 46 projects a theological anti-Judaism similar to that of the St. Thomas and St. Nicholas law-and-grace paintings
Note:TESI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,435
a response to a highly emotional and, in my view, alarmingly ill-informed 1998 academic conference discussion
Note:UNA RISPSTA AI TEOLOGI CHE SCAGIONAVANO BACH
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,439
the Tenth Sunday after Trinity was the one time in the Lutheran church year when the liturgy focused specifically on the matter of historical and spiritual “Israel,”
Note:IL GIORNO PRESCELTO x LA CANTATA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,442
“Did Bach personally espouse anti-Jewish contempt?”
Note:QUI LA BIOGRAFIA NN C ENTRA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,442
“What does Bach’s church cantata mean?”
Note:QUELO CHE CI INTERESSA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,443
Lucan and Josephan Background for Bach’s Cantata 46
Note:Ttttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,444
Luke 19:41–48,
Note:IL VANGWLO DELLA DOMENICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,444
Jesus is depicted weeping over the future destruction of Jerusalem and driving merchants out of the Temple.
Note:MERCANTI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,456
Temple were indeed destroyed by the Romans in the first century,
Note:STORIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,456
it was widely agreed that this represented God’s punishment
Note:PRESSO I CRISTIANI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,458
sternly warning the Lutheran parishioners of their own similar sinfulness and possible similar punishment.
Note:I CATTIVI LUTERANI PARAGONATI AGLI EBREI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,478
General Theological Background for Bach’s Cantata 46
Note:ttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,479
Bach owned a large number of books on religion and theology,20 and his various biblical commentaries,
Note:MOLTO UTILI A COMPRENDERE LA SUA MUSICA LITURGICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,490
For just as the Jews want neither to see nor hear his Word, God therefore subsequently wants also neither to see nor hear their shouting,
Note:LE DURE PAROLE DI LUTERO SULL EVENTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,494
Heinrich Müller, a seventeenth-century Lutheran
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO DI PREDICHE DELLA DCIMA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,497
Since, however, even there they did not want [to repent], they subsequently no longer found mercy.
Note:EBREI CONDANNATI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,500
Johann Olearius, another seventeenth-century Lutheran theologian,
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,501
God warns: render yourself open to repentance, or else God will punish;
Note:OLEARIUS
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,503
The Libretto from Bach’s Cantata 46 and Its Specific Theological, Biblical, and Liturgical Contexts
Note:Tttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,504
authorship is unknown,
Note:LIBRETTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,507
a musical counterpart to the Bugenhagen-Josephus vespers reading of the destruction of Jerusalem;
Note:PRIMA PARTE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,509
spiritual application of the story to the daily lives of his listeners.
Note:LA SECONDA PARTE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,532
The choral lines of the first movement are a massive, motet-style, canonic (that is, “law”-like) prelude-and-fugue
Note:PRIMA PARTE OLD STYLE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,534
The last movement is a typical four-part Lutheran chorale harmonization, with extremely atypical short instrumental interludes,
Note:SECONDA PARTE NEW STYLE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,536
Much like the particular way in which the pairs in the Leipzig church paintings are juxtaposed,
Note:ANALOGIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,539
the texts of the internal recitative and aria pairs
Note:PRIMO OGGETTO DI ANALISI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,541
The first recitative and aria narratively address Old Jerusalem
Note:IL PRIMO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,542
the second pair then addresses only the church.
Note:SECONDO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,545
libretto contains a remarkable number of key expressions also found in a printed sermon by Heinrich Müller
Note:SERMONE GUIDA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,550
the tenor recitative of Cantata 46 further echoes Müller, Luther, and other writers in Bach’s library by teaching not merely a critical but also a strongly contemptuous attitude toward the city
Note:IL DISPREZZO DEL TENORE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,553
destruction of Jerusalem was a punishment from God
Note:PER MULLER È VVIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,565
not in their stubbornness per se but in their not wanting to be otherwise.
Note:LA COLPA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,576
From a passage Bach marked in his Calov Bible Commentary,
Note:SAPPIAMO CHE BACH CONOSCEVA LA TEOLIGIA DELKA CATASTROFE COME CASTIGO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,580
the remaining Jews have to experience the same sort of thing for over 1600 years,
Note:SECONDO CALOV
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,581
Under Calov’s “1600,” Bach wrote “1700.”
Note:SECONDO BACH...ATTUALITÀ DEL CASTIGO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,582
What exactly constitutes Jerusalem’s sin
Note:Ttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,584
The Lutheran theologian Christoph Scheibler
Note:UNA VERSIONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,588
Idolatry—this is the greatest sin for which the Lord has [ever] punished his people…
Note:ECCO LA COLPA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,593
sin than that the Messiah promised to them was sent, and yet they did not want to accept the same, rather [they wanted to] have him cut off and killed,
Note:MA C È DI PIÙ...DEICIDIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,597
not recognizing and being turned to Jesus.
Note:LA COLPA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,606
Oh, better that you were utterly destroyed
Note:IL LIBRETTO DI BACH
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,618
having the tenor recitative explicitly call the loss irreparable.
Note:LA CONDANNA DI BACH VA OLTRE LUTERO E DIVENTA ETERNA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,620
the first (586 BCE) or the second (70 CE),
Note:A QUALE DISTRUZIONE DEL TEMPIO CI SI RIFERISCE...POCO CHIARO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,621
“there has befallen the City of God an irreparable loss of the Most High’s favor.”
Note:LA CONSEGUENZA È CHIARA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,622
Old Jerusalem was right to lament its having lost God’s favor
Note:CONFERMATE MOLTE PROFEZIE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,625
The present-tense verbs in the last five lines of the recitative
Note:PUNITI ORA...GLI EBREI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,626
be read in “historical present tense,”
Note:LETTIRA PIÙ PROBABILE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,634
Support for perhaps simply viewing the latter part of the recitative as narratively admonishing Jews of only the first century is weakened by several considerations
Note:L AMMONIMENTOVALE ANCHE ORA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,637
noting how frequently the descendants of Old Jerusalem who are not turned to Jesus are characterized as blasphemers in the theological literature
Note:NUMEROSI PRECEDENTI...NELLA STESSA BIBLIO DI B
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,639
Judaism’s ongoing and ever-current rejection of Jesus.
Note:ATMOSFERA NEI TESTI LUTERANI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,641
what does it mean to say that “God … breaks the staff in judgment”?
Note:E POI...SEMPRE NEL RECITATIVO...C È UN ALTRO PROBLEMA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,643
Commenting on 2 John 1:9, the Calov Bible
Note:MA SENTIAMO IL LUTERO LETTO DA BACH
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,644
[We Christians know] that [the Jews] still do not have the proper God, for they do not want to hear his Word,
Note:COMMENTO DI LUTERO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,648
and therefore the Jews, with their lying and blaspheming, lie to and blaspheme not us but God
Note:ANCORA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,652
“children of whoredom” the descendants who pursue the synagogue and the blaspheming of God,
Note:ANCORA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,658
Bach’s Cantata 46, too, appears to allege that those who are not now turned from the ways of the old to the new covenant are to be understood as utterly condemned,
Note:...E BACH SEGUE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,660
not only temporally but also eternally,
Note:E SI VA OLTRE...I FIGLI DEI FIGLI DEI FIGLI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,660
by asserting that “God ‘breaks the staff’ in judgment,”
Note:DOVE SI SISTEMA ONCRETIZZA QUESTA ASPREZZA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,661
appropriated from Zechariah 11:10 in Luther’s particular rendering:
Note:DA DOVE ORIGINA QUELL ESPRESSIONE DEL RECITATIVO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,664
I took my staff Gentle, and broke it into pieces, that I would annul my covenant, which I had made with all of the peoples [of Judah and Israel.]
Note:PAROLE DI ZACCARIA...IL BASTONE ROTTO È LA ROTTURA DELL ALLEANZA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,667
Jews were punished by God in the year 70 and that this was not merely a temporary measure:
Note:ANCHE X MULLER LA COSA È CHIARA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,672
Consider, for example, Scheibler,
Note:MOLTI ALTRI SI ACCODANO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,679
On Judgment Day [‘the Day of the Lord, following after this life, which is our day’]55 no tears will save you
Note:MULLER
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,685
Related ideas are also found in the Olearius Bible.
Note | Location: 1,685
ALTRA FONTE DALLA BIBLIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,718
The notion that those who are not turned to the grace of Jesus shall be utterly condemned—that is, not only temporally but also eternally—is also expressed clearly and forcefully in several devotional and liturgical prayers
Note:ALTRE FONTI...
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,720
The Leipziger Kirchen-Staat provides the following prayer for the occasion:
Note:PREGHIERA DECIMA SETTIMANA A LIPSIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,735
the following collect for the Tenth Sunday after Trinity:
Note:SEMPRE A LIPSIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,743
The contrast of an eternally cursed “old Zion” with an eternally blessed “new Zion”
Note:LA TIPICA ANTITESI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,745
from the hymn book listed in Bach’s library as the Wagneri Leipziger Gesangbuch:
Note:FONTE DELL ANTITESI...
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,781
eternal condemnation for those who remain committed to Judaism was expressed altogether unambiguously in the Lutheran catechism,
Note:ALTRA FONTE X LA CONDANNA ETERNA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,788
Bach’s Musical Setting and Its Theological Import
Note:Tttttttttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,789
opening chorus from Cantata 46
Note:OGGETTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,789
powerful lament on the destruction of Jerusalem;
Note:LAMENTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,790
tonal centers far and wide,
Note:IL CENTRO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,790
it never leaves the minor modes.
Note:TUTTAVIA...
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,791
unsettling harmonies and chromaticisms abound while the choral lines move forward in canon,
Note:A UN CERTO PUNTO...TIPICO DI BACH QUANDO RINVIA ALLA LEGGE CHE SPROFONDA...IL CANONE E L EBREO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,793
For the Lord has made me full of distress on the day of his fierce wrath”),
Note:IL VERSO SUCCESSIVO...
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,793
tempo speeds up, and canon gives way to permutation
Note:RELATIVO COMMENTO MUSICALE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,794
the same melodic lines are continually shuffled among the various voices.
Note:ALTRO ESPEDIENTE BACHIANO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,796
What contributes thereafter to the relentlessness of this fugue is its almost complete lack of episodic material.
Note:UNA FUGA SPOGLIA...QUASI OTTISA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,797
and somewhat monotonously,
Note:Ccccccccccc
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,798
a striking harmonic catabasis to the distant key of F minor.
Note:ALLA TERZA RIPRESA C È era NA FRATTURA TONALE DELLA LINEA DI HASSO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,802
the harmonic breach of section 2, it seems then, acts as a sort of “destruction,”
Note:DISYRUZIONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,803
reflecting the chorus’s biblical lines concerning the Lord’s fierce wrath
Note:EFFETTO DELLA COLLERA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,804
musically highlights the charged import of the various expressions employed in its libretto.
Note:STRETTA CONNESSIONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,806
“an irreparable loss
Note:QUI UN PASSAGGIO TONALE SINGOLARE...SIAMO ALLA CADENZA NEL RECITATIVO DEL TENORE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,807
striking leap of a minor tenth between the first and second words
Note:LE DUE PAROLE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,807
read before its revision in the original performing part as only a minor third.
Note:PRIMA DELLA REVISIONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,808
“Gomorrah”
Note | Location: 1,808
ALTRE ASPRESSIONI DEL RECITATIVO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,809
“Christ’s enemy”
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,809
“God … breaks the staff in judgment”
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,810
linked by melodic tritone, the diabolus in musica
Note:DIABOLOUS IN MUSICA NWL MEXDIOEVO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,815
“to condemn someone,”
Note:ROMPERE IL BASTONE SECONDO LA LESSICOGRAFIA DI KEITH SPALDING
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,815
sentencing somebody to death,
Note:OVVERO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,816
“final judgement has been pronounced.”
Note:OVVERO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,824
On the whole, Bach’s tenor recitative in Cantata 46 is extraordinary, even for him.
Note:NEL COMPLESSO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,825
a remarkable concentration of dominant and diminished-seventh chords.
Note:CONCENTRAZIONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,826
unusually disjunct vocal line accompanied by several continuo instruments
Note:ALTRA CARATTERISTICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,828
Bach’s musical setting of this recitative is no unwitting, straightforward, stereotyped, or conventional affair.
Note:CONCLUSIONE...TUTTO VOLUTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,829
There follows a ferocious aria
Note:MA IL PICCO NN È IL RECITATIVO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,830
the singer declares to the city that its punishment was slow in coming,
Note:MALEDIZIONE...LENTA MA FOLGORANTE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,831
God was angry with the city for rejecting Jesus
Note:CONCETTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,832
God simmered before finally blowing up and using the Romans to destroy
Note:LE MODALITÀ
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,839
The string writing is set in the tradition of Monteverdi’s stile concitato:
Note:COME È RESA LA FEROCIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,840
The trumpet’s first gesture is to outline a tonic chord B-flat, D, F, B-flat, with a jarring A
Note:UN ENTRATA STONATA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,843
a prolonged series of sixteenth-note oscillations between the second and third degrees
Note:LA CHIUSURA ASSURDA PER IL TEMPO DEGLI OTTFONI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,853
odd trumpet part,
Note:NELL ARIA....RICHIAMA L ASSALTO ROMANO COSÌ COME NARRATONEL SESTO LIBRO DO JOSEPHUS
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,857
two knights, and one trumpeter,
Note:L AVANGUARDIA DELL ATTACCO ROMANO SECONDO JOSEPHUS
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,860
the sound of the trumpet [Trompeten-Schall], aroused such impressions in them that they thought a great band of the enemy would have to have climbed up the citadel.
Note:LE TROMBE SIMULANO UNA GRANDE FORMAZIONE X TERRORIZZARE GLI EBREI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,867
Sin and the New Covenant
Note:Tttttttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,867
the second part of Cantata 46,
Note:OGGETTO DEL ANALISI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,868
the “grace” side
Note:DALLA LEGGE ALLA GRAZIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,872
the alto appears to speak directly to Bach’s church audiences.
Note:NEL LIBRETTO SI USA IL VOI PER MINACCIARE PUNIZIONI SIMILI A QUELLE DEGLI EBREI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,875
(Christian) sinners are also described as having the true possibility of salvation, that is, if they are properly turned to Jesus.
Note:UNICA DIFFERENZA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,887
the Old Jerusalem/Israel of the synagogue and Temple has been replaced in God’s favor by the New Jerusalem/Israel of the Gentile church
Note:L INSEGNAMENTO TEOLOGICO DELLA CANTATA...PASSI MOLTO SOTTOLINEATI NEI COMMENTARI BIBLICI TANTO AMATI DA BACH
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,929
Luther’s notion that God’s covenant with Old Israel is to be strictly distinguished from the new covenant;
Note:ENFASI
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,933
there was nothing special about their disdain toward Judaism; they were, so the claim goes, equally condemning of the theologies of Islam, Roman Catholicism, and so on, holding each of these attitudes for the same reasons,
Note:DIFESA MINIMIZZATRICE: LA CONDANNA DEL GIUDAISMOL NN È POI DIVERSA DALLA CONDANNA DI CATTOLICI E ISLAM...CANTATE 18 E 126
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,936
what should one make, for example, of those South Africans during apartheid who said that they could not properly be labeled antiblack because their passionate desire to be kept apart from the Bantu was not essentially different from their desire to be kept apart from the Indian and Pakistani populations in their country?
Note:ANALOGIA X DIMOSTRA L ASSURDITÀ DELLA DIFESA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,950
the bass aria’s poetry focused on the threatening hellish notion that God wants to take vengeance on those who are not turned from the ways of impenitent Old Jerusalem; the alto aria’s poetry focuses on the comforting heavenly notion that Jesus wants to protect upright Christian believers from God the Father’s eternal wrath.
Note:CONFROKNTO TRA LE DUE ARIE NELLE DUE PARTI...LA PRIMA MALEDICE ISRAELE...LA SECONDA I PECCATORI CRISTIANI MA LASCIA APERTA UNA VIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,956
Pairs of recorders
Note:TIPICA FORMAZIONE DAI SIGNIFICATI PIÙ VARI...PRESENTE ANCHE NELLA SECONDA ARIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,957
sunny pastoral themes in Cantatas 180
Note:SIGNIFICATO 1
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,958
sorrow in Cantata 13
Note:2
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,958
death in Cantatas 81
Note:3
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,964
Curiously, in the textually hopeful alto aria from Bach’s Cantata 46, the recorders adopt much more the sorrowful manner
Note:L UTILIZO DEI FLAUTI NELLA 46
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,966
What may be called an exquisite monotony of musical form also contributes to this alto aria’s
Note:MONOTONIA => DOLORE...STRANO EFFETTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,985
Conclusion
Note:Tttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,998
to call Christians to turn away from their own sin,
Note:IL PUNTO PRINCIPALE
Yellow highlight | Location: 1,998
theological anti-Judaism
Note:ESSENZIALE X VEICOLARE IL MESSAGGIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 2,000
the verbal polemic in Bach’s Schauet doch is not particularly vitriolic.
Note:SI PREFERISCE OCCULTARE
Yellow highlight | Location: 2,001
His cantata is altogether temperate, for example, compared with Luther’s violence-espousing
Note:UNICA ATTENUANTE
Yellow highlight | Location: 2,008
there can be no real problem of theological anti-Judaism in the narrative of Bach’s cantata.
Note:TESI IMPOSSIBILE DA SOSTENERE
Yellow highlight | Location: 2,020
Bach’s magnificent harmony and counterpoint appear to cast a certain pall of melancholic resignation or sorrowful, apprehensive uncertainty over the poetry’s assurances and entreaties in the second half of the work.
NN SI APRE MAI ALLA SPERANZA PIENA...A VOLTE ANCHE CONTRADDICENDO IL LIBRETTO