sabato 1 aprile 2017

4 The Rules for Finding a Good Place to Eat An Economist Gets Lunch: New Rules for Everyday Foodies by Tyler Cowen

4 The Rules for Finding a Good Place to EatRead more at location 838
Note: 4@@@@@@@@@@@@ Edit
“I went to a hospital cafeteria the other day and ate a fantastic lunch.” No you didn’t. Hospital cafeterias are not profit centers for hospitals nor significant elements in their overall reputation.Read more at location 840
Note: IL CAFFÈ DELL OSPEDALE Edit
Raw IngredientsRead more at location 853
Note: t Edit
The American restaurants with excellent fresh ingredients—the ones good enough to serve naked on a plate—commonly cost fifty dollars and up for dinner.Read more at location 855
Note: COZTO MENU CON BUONA MTERIA PRIMA Edit
New York’s Masa is commonly regarded as one of the best restaurants in the United States and it is arguably the best sushi place. The chef-owner has hired a personal fish shopper in the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo and that shopper rushes the fish to the airport to take a direct flight to New York City, namely JAL 006. Once the fish clears customs, a van driver calls Masa and tells them what time the catch will be arriving. The basic prix fixe dinner at Masa goes for $450.Read more at location 857
Note: L ESEMPIO DEL MASA Edit
Avoid dishes that are ingredients-intensive. Raw ingredients in America—vegetables, butter, bread, meats, and so on—are below world standards. Even most underdeveloped countries have better raw ingredients thanRead more at location 864
Note: CON PO BHI SOLDI EVITARE CIBI CHE DIPENDONO DALLA MAT PRIMA Edit
Go for dishes that are composition-intensive.Read more at location 867
Note: PUNTARE SULLA CREATIVIT Edit
In Haiti and Thailand, I’ve seen fishermen on their boats pulling out the fish or conch from the sea while I am eating the morning catch for lunch. It doesn’t need an amazing sauce or an innovative preparation to be superb.Read more at location 870
Note: HAITI E THAI Edit
The United States is a country where the human beings are extremely creative but the tomatoes are not extraordinarily fresh.Read more at location 874
Note: CREATIVI E Edit
nation of immigrants,Read more at location 877
Let’s say I am in a Bolivian restaurant in suburban America. There’s a good chance I will ask for the silpancho, a specialty of the Cochabamba region. There is a plain steak in the dish, but it’s not just sitting out there on the plate. Underneath are rice and potatoes, and piled on top is scrambled egg, tomatoes, onions, and, on the side, green chili sauce. The sauce is not to be missed. The steak does not have to be that good for the overall meal to be delicious.Read more at location 880
Note: ARRICCHORE SE MANCA LA BASE. VARIARE COMBINARE CAMBIARE Edit
Some raw ingredients travel well, such as dried chili peppers and seed-based spices.Read more at location 887
Note: INGRED CHE VIAGGIANO BEME Edit
But trying to replicate Bresson chicken, Turkish eggplant, or Hong Kong scallops is going to be much, much harder because those ingredients are harder to preserve across long journeys. They have to be refrigerated or frozen and they arrive battered and somewhat tasteless, unless you pay to have them flown in and handled by specialists;Read more at location 891
Note: INGR CHE VIAGGIANO MALE Edit
Hospital Food Bad—Casino Food Good?Read more at location 896
Note: t CROSS SUB. L ESCA È IL CIBO? NEGLI OSP NO. AL CASINO SI Edit
Does a commercial establishment receive a positive or negative boost from the surrounding circumstances of its production?Read more at location 898
Note: CROSS SIBSIDY Edit
The very best Las Vegas restaurants are located well behind the casinos and slot machines, not in front of them. The hope is that people will stop and gamble on their way to and from the good food.Read more at location 900
Note: MANGIARE E POI GIOCARE. RISTORANTE SUL RETRO. GIOCARE E POI MANGIATE. SUL DAVANTI Edit
In the old days, Parisian restaurants located themselves near butchers so as to receive choice cuts, entrails, and innards quickly and easily.Read more at location 905
Note: PARIGI E I MACELLAI Edit
When prices of air flights were held artificially high by law, before deregulation in the 1970s, airline food was often excellent. They served lobster to attract more customers, and they knew they could make up for the lobster by charging the higher regulated fare they were forced to charge.Read more at location 909
Note: AEREO E PREZZI ALTI. ATTRARRE CLIENTI Edit
the desire to compete for high-fare passengers forced the airlines to make the service as good as possible and that included delicious food.Read more at location 913
Note: c POCHI CLINTI CONYESI Edit
The vending machine shows you what food looks like when there is no cross-subsidy. When you are buying food from a vending machine, it is a relatively pure transaction. You give up the money; you get the food. There’s no décor, no service, no ancillary products, no nothing, other than the swap of specified assets. And what do we know about food from vending machines? It’s reliable but it’s hardly ever special.Read more at location 928
Note: DISTRIBUTORI. PURA VENDITA Edit
Eat and Drink?Read more at location 933
Note: t Edit
Restaurants make a lot of their money off the drinks.Read more at location 933
Note: DA DOVE I SOLDI? Edit
In essence, they are supplying food as a kind of window dressing to lure customers in for some other purpose, namely high-priced liquids. It might seem that if you don’t buy the drinks, and don’t mind settling for plain tap water, you can’t lose.Read more at location 933
Note: LA STRATEGOA Edit
you pay $2.50 for the drink, and it seems that the Coke itself costs the restaurant less than twenty cents.Read more at location 939
Note: Mark up Edit
A markup on a beer can run up to 500 percent.Read more at location 940
High prices for drinks are often a form of price discrimination, an economic term which refers to the extraction of additional money from the people willing to pay more for the product.Read more at location 947
Note: PRICE DISCR SUL BERE Edit
The market for dining therefore has (at least) two kinds of buyers. The first kind is highly price-sensitive and takes the time to shop around for bargains; this includes remembering how much the drinks cost. The second set of buyers is less price-sensitive and more inclined to pay the bill without remembering how much the drinks added on. These customers pay more attention to upfront costs—the main items on the menu—than to delayed costs, such as the final tally with the drinks. A lot of these people are pretty wealthy and a lot of them are prone to spend a lot of money. In any case, high prices for drinks will induce some of the latter customers to spend more money, while the more price-sensitive customers concentrate their buying on the better-bargain, lower-margin items—namely, the food and not the drink—and thus they are not scared away from the restaurant. In essence, the wealthy and the myopic are the friend and supporter of the non-drinking gourmand.Read more at location 952
Note: COME FUNZIONA. ACCALAPPIARE I DISTRATTI E DARE UNA CHAMCES AGLI ATTENTI Edit
Looking back in history, formerly you could take advantage of this cross-subsidy far more than is possible today. For instance nineteenth century saloons took the drinks cross-subsidy to an extreme by offering, literally, a free lunch to their customers. Once food supply became liberated from local farmers and hunters, such free lunches became common. The hope, of course, was that they would make the money back on the drinks.Read more at location 961
Note: IL FREE LUNCH DEL SALOON: PAGO IL PRIMO NEL PREZZO DELL ALTRO Edit
the markup on drinks is in part a fee for using the table so long and also it is a way to charge for the décor of the restaurant.Read more at location 972
Note: USO DEL TAVOLO Edit
They do not set an egg timer on the tableRead more at location 974
It’s hard to just sit there and order nothing when they keep on asking you to spend more money and everyone else is doing the same.Read more at location 978
Note: FINTA LA CENA CHI SO FERMA VIENE PRESSATO. DI SOLITO ORDINA DA BETE Edit
I’ve also noticed that restaurants with wonderful views or innovative décor charge an especially high amount for the drinks.Read more at location 981
Note: L AMBIENTE FIGO CAROCA Edit
Why Popcorn Is a Bad Deal and Starbucks Coffee Isn’tRead more at location 994
Note: t Edit
Cross-subsidies help explain why the food is so often so bad in movie theaters. The food subsidizes the moviesRead more at location 996
Note: PERCHÈ I POP CORN FANNO SCHIFO Edit
Popcorn entered American movie theaters in the 1930s in the midst of the Great Depression. Popcorn sales kept many theaters afloat that otherwise might not have survived.Read more at location 998
Note: POP CORN E GRANDE DEPRESS Edit
Theaters in contrast make a lot of their money from selling popcorn.Read more at location 1009
The incentive of the movie theater is to charge a low price for the movie, and a high price for the popcorn. The low movie price lures in viewers/eaters and the theater doesn’t much miss out on the movie revenue anyway.Read more at location 1010
Note: BUSINESS PLAN Edit
If you want to eat well in a movie theater, your best shot is to go to an “indie” theater, which shows foreign films, offbeat movies, and attracts an older and more mature audience, all of which point to better taste in food. Furthermore, compared to traditional multiplexes, indie theaters keep a higher proportion of their ticket revenue.Read more at location 1015
Note: MANGIAR BENE A TEATRO. SEGUI I VECCHI Edit
Starbucks,Read more at location 1021
In its early years the chain revolutionized coffee consumption in the United States.Read more at location 1021
Note: STURBUKS Edit
But over time, the expansion of the chain required greater attention to sales volume and high profit margins.Read more at location 1023
Note: c Edit
Today the store specializes in sweet, milk-based beverages, many of which are associated with the coffee idea in some indirect manner or other. We’re now in a setting where the quality and above all the availability of this coffee is subsidized by the milk and the sugar.Read more at location 1024
Note: IL LATTE SUSSIDIA IL CAFFÈ Edit
If you like milk and sugar, however, you’re paying through the nose—in part to prop up the coffeelike infrastructure of the store—and maybe you should consider mixing the two at home for the desired effect. Just a whole lot cheaper.Read more at location 1028
Note: A CASA COSTA LA METÀ Edit
How to Exploit Restaurant WorkersRead more at location 1031
Note: t Edit
First, quality food is cheaper when there is cheap labor available to cook it.Read more at location 1031
Note: QUALITÁ A BUON MERCATO SE SI SOTTOPAGA Edit
Family members will work in the kitchenRead more at location 1034
Note: CONDUZIONE FAMILIARE Edit
The polar opposite case is when you see a restaurant replete with expensive labor. There’s a valet parking attendant, a woman to take your coat, a wine maître d’, a floor manager, a team of waiters, a manager to greet you, and so on.Read more at location 1036
Note: OCCHIO SE C È IL PARCHEGGIATORE E IL GUARDAROBA Edit
One of the most important strategies in dining is asking the waiter or waitress what to get. It is important to phrase the question properly.Read more at location 1047
Note: COSA MANGIARE? CHIEDI AL CAMERIERE. MA FAI BENE LA DOMANDA Edit
So don’t just ask the waiter “What should I get?” The waiter will likely direct you to the most high-margin item on the menu, and even more likely to want to get rid of you quickly so as to move on to his next task.Read more at location 1051
Note: L ERRORE Edit
One way to proceed is to ask the waiter “What is best?” I am then happiest when the waiter does not hesitate to tell me what is best. “The venison with the spaetzle is best, sir,” is the sort of answer that warms my heart. I get more nervous when the waiter responds: “All of our menu items are good.” Another problem is when you hear: “Best? That depends on what you like. It’s hard for me to say.”Read more at location 1058
Note: IL MEGLIO. LA RISPISTA DEVE ESSERE RAPIDA Edit
The bottom line is that these waiters have never been given firm instructions by a quality boss or chef, or those instructions have been summarily forgotten. It’s a bad sign for the whole restaurant.Read more at location 1061
Note: IL CAMERIERE CHE TENTENNA. BRUTTO SEGNO Edit
In plain language: order the ugly and order the unknown. In a fancy restaurant, order the item you are least likely to think you want.Read more at location 1074
Note: PRENDI IL BRUTTO E LO SCONOSCIUTO. IL BRUTTO COMPENSA LO SCONOSCIUTO È SPECIALE Edit
Why Great City Centers Are Bad for FoodRead more at location 1077
Note: t Edit
If a restaurant cannot cover its rent, it is not long for this world. Over half of all restaurants close in the first three years of operation, so this is not a small problem.Read more at location 1078
Note: VALUTA L AFFITTO Edit
A high-rent store typically attracts a large number of paying customers per hour, charges high markup on its goods, or both. Otherwise there is no way to make the rent payments every month.Read more at location 1085
Note: COME SI SOPRAVVIVE IN CENTRO? PUNTANDO SULLA MASSA CON I MARCHI Edit
A lot of low-rent places are ugly, but still they might have good food and they are especially likely to have cheap food that isn’t junk food.Read more at location 1087
Note: LOW RANT Edit
Of the four three-star New York City restaurants listed in the 2011 Michelin guide (Le Bernardin, Per Se, Daniel, and Jean-Georges), all four are in a thin strip of midtown Manhattan, not too far from Lincoln Center. These restaurants are near the homes of millionaires and billionaires,Read more at location 1090
Note: LA QUALITÁ VICINO AI RICCHI È COSTOSA Edit
Most fine restaurants are in high-rent areas, but most restaurants in high-rent areas are far from fine.Read more at location 1093
Note: LEGGE Edit
Most of the important new, cheap ethnic restaurants serving everything from Colombian food to classic Italian are burgeoning in Queens, Brooklyn, and the Bronx.Read more at location 1103
Note: PERIFERIA E QUALITÁ MEDIA Edit
One upshot of this is that the recent Great Recession has been good for a lot of foodies. Rents are stable or falling rather than risingRead more at location 1121
Note: LA CRISI GIOVA AI MANGIONI DIMINUENDO GLI AFFITTI Edit
One good way to find a tasty and cheap meal is to seek out low-rent areas near higher-rent customers.Read more at location 1125
Note: C È ANCHE LA PERIFERIA IN CITTÀ. ES DOVE STANNO I MIGR. E I RIST SOMO QUASI SEMPRE ETNICI Edit
The larger the number of restaurants serving the same ethnic cuisine in a given area, the more likely the food they serve is good. Why? Restaurants that are competing against each other can’t rest on their laurels.Read more at location 1133
Note: PUNTARE SULLA CONCENTRAZ Edit
The ultimate low-rent venue is the food truck. New York City, Portland, Oregon, and Austin, Texas, have started allowing food trucks to sell their wares, and it has greatly improved food in those cities. No longer is street food a bad pretzel or fatty hot dog; food trucks bring diners authentic Mexican tacos, homemade sausages, dim sum, Vietnamese bánh mi sandwiches, and hundreds of other delicacies.Read more at location 1145
Note: IL CIBO AMBULANTE È QUELLI CON MENO AFFITTO Edit
My favorite local food truck is Las Delicias, which parks on Route 50, Arlington Boulevard, Falls Church (near my house), every Sunday afternoon, and serves Bolivian specialties from the Cochabamba region.Read more at location 1151
Note: c Edit
If we wanted to improve American food, and make it much cheaper, I have a suggestion: Let’s deregulate the food trucks and the other street vendors, provided they can show enough responsibility to get an open-to-all license competition.Read more at location 1157
Note: DEREGOLAMENTARE IL CIBO DI STRADA MIGLIORA IL RAPPORTO QUALITÀ PREZZO Edit
Low-rent food venues can experiment at relatively low risk. If a food idea does not work out, the proprietor is not left with an expensive building, fancy décor, or a long-term lease.Read more at location 1162
Note: SPERIMENTAZ Edit
Lower rents also mean that more people can try their hand at starting a restaurant and marketing the family cooking.Read more at location 1165
Note: PIÙ OPPORTUNITÀ XCON LOW RANT Edit
It is common to see good ethnic restaurants grouped with midlevel or junky retail outlets, and often the best food trucks are in quite inconspicuous locales.Read more at location 1168
Note: BUONA CUCINA CATTIVI NEGOZI O POSTI ANONIMI Edit
Do you see something ugly? Poor construction? Broken plastic signage? A five-and-dime store? Maybe an abandoned car? If so, crack a quiet smile, walk in the door, and order.Read more at location 1169
Note: c Edit
The Social Element in Eating WellRead more at location 1171
Note: t Edit
Be meta-rational,Read more at location 1175
Meta-rationality means recognizing your limitations and realizing that very often the best information is in the hands of other people.Read more at location 1176
Note: AFFIDATEVI Edit
askRead more at location 1178
some knowledge of social science is often more useful than is a knowledge of food.Read more at location 1179
Note: c Edit
start by finding people who themselves love good foodRead more at location 1179
Note: AMANTI Edit
between 35 and 55 yearsRead more at location 1180
Ask people who are geographically mobile in their professions and thus accustomed to eating out and collecting information about food.Read more at location 1182
Note: MOBILI. AGENTI CAMIONISTI Edit
Ask a cabdriver.Read more at location 1183
If you’re asking Google, put a “smart” word into your search query. “Best restaurants Washington” will yield lots of information,Read more at location 1185
Note: BUONE STRINGHE Edit
something more specific instead, like “best Indian restaurants Washington,”Read more at location 1187
Note: c Edit
Google “Washington best cauliflower dish,” even if you don’t want cauliflower.Read more at location 1189
Note: c Edit
If you’re reading online reviews, don’t be too put off by negative reviews per se; any place that takes chances will have its detractors. Instead, focus on the positive reviews.Read more at location 1190
Note: RIVISTE. FOCALIZZARSI SULLEBBUONE Edit
If you are looking to judge a restaurant, and can’t find anyone reliable to ask, my suggestion is to take a look at who goes there.Read more at location 1193
Note: GIUDICARE DAI FREQUENTATYORI Edit
When I’m out looking for food, one of my fears is to come across a restaurant where the people are laughing and smiling and appearing very sociable.Read more at location 1195
Note: EVITATE LE ROSATE... Edit
Don’t get me wrong. There is nothing wrong with having fun, but it’s not the same thing as good food. So many restaurants “get by”—and charge reasonably high prices—by creating social scenes for drinking, dating, and carousing. They’re not using the food to draw in their customers.Read more at location 1197
Note: c Edit
If you are going to visit such restaurants, go in the first four to six months of their operation, though not the first two weeks when they are still working out the kinks in their kitchen routine.Read more at location 1202
Note: I POSTI FIGHI SOLO ALL INIZIO Edit
I also start to worry if the women in a restaurant seem to be beautiful in the trendy “eye candy” sense, as they are at Zengo. For me that’s another danger sign.Read more at location 1221
Note: DONNE BELLE? BRUTTO SEGNALE Edit
It is often best when the people in a restaurant look a little serious or even downright grim.Read more at location 1225
Note: c Edit
In a lot of restaurants, it is a propitious omen if the diners are screaming at each other and appear to be fighting and pursuing blood feuds. It’s a sign they are regular customers and that they feel at home in the restaurant.Read more at location 1233
Note: GENTE CHE URLA? BUON BSEGNO. SI SENTE A CASA. CONSUMATORI VABITUALI Edit
if you are walking in Florence, and you see a restaurant full of guidebook-clutching British tourists, catching an early dinner at six P.M., you need to run the other way.Read more at location 1238
Note: ALLA LARGA DAI TURISTI Edit
Quality customers are often more important for a restaurant than is a quality chef.Read more at location 1241
Note: MASSIMA Edit
When McDonald’s first started to expand, in the 1950s, it took great pains to be a “family restaurant.” Ray Kroc designed the restaurants to discourage teenage loitering. He didn’t want the outlets to be too comfortable or too “cool.” He didn’t want the restaurants to have pinball or newspaper boxes or telephone booths or candy and cigarette machines or to look like teenage trouble spots. He wanted rapid turnover and he wanted people to come and go in the normal course of their day. McDonald’s thus made its designs deliberately antisocial, the opposite of today’s Starbucks. At the time, it was well known that teenage loitering had helped make many drive-ins unprofitable. McDonald’s is a family restaurant and it looks and feels the same way.Read more at location 1242
Note: MCD ANTISOCIAL Edit

venerdì 31 marzo 2017

Non esistono parcheggi gratis

Ogni volta che scarrozzo sulla riviera ligure e vedo dei parcheggi gratuiti mi viene un coccolone.
Donald Shoup è la persona che meglio può capirmi. Si tratta del massimo esperto di "spreco da parcheggio gratuito".  Il saggio " There Ain't No Such Thing as Free Parking" è uno dei tanti in cui ripete i suoi concetti.
***
Le tre riforme da lui auspicate in materia di parcheggi...
... three reforms: First, adjust parking meter prices according to supply and demand. Second, return parking revenue to local communities for civic improvement. And third, remove minimum parking requirements that lock up useful land, lengthen commute times, and contribute to urban and suburban sprawl...
1) tariffare correttamente i parcheggi 2) girare i ricavi ai comuni 3) rimuovere l'obbligo dei parcheggi condominiali.
***
Tutti alla ricerca di un parcheggio...
... Sixteen studies conducted between 1927 and 2001 found that, on average, 30 percent of the cars in congested traffic were cruising for parking... In another study, observers found the average time to find a curb space on 15 blocks in the Upper West Side of Manhattan was 3.1 minutes and the average cruising distance was 0.37 miles...
Penso che in Liguria quel 30 si alzi a 50%.
Milano cerca ossigeno nel parcheggio libero sui marciapiedi. Non funziona...
... Free curb parking in a congested city gives a small, temporary benefit to a few drivers who happen to be lucky on a particular day, but it creates large social costs for everyone else every day. To manage curb parking and avoid the problems caused by cruising, some cities have begun to adjust their curb parking prices by location and time of day to produce an 85 percent occupancy rate for curb parking, which corresponds to one vacant space on a typical block with eight curb spaces. The price is too high if many spaces are vacant and too low if no spaces are vacant. But if one or two spaces are vacant on a block and drivers can reliably find open curb spaces at their destinations, the price is just right. We can call this the Goldilocks principle of parking prices...
San Francisco è la città che più di altre è in cerca di soluzioni razionali...
... San Francisco has embarked on an ambitious program, called SF, to get the prices of curb parking right. The city is installing meters that can charge variable prices and sensors that can report the occupancy of each space in real time...
Depoliticizzare la questione del parcheggio è dura...
... Beyond managing the curb parking supply, SF park can depoliticize parking by stating a clear principle for setting the prices for curb spaces: the lowest prices the city can charge without creating a parking shortage...
Se i prezzi sono giusti i clienti compreranno, non preoccupiamoci...
... If the meters are priced right, cars will fill most of the curb spaces, leaving only one or two vacant spaces on each block...
Ne risentirà in modo benefico tutta la circolazione...
... Both common sense and empirical research suggest that performance-priced curb parking will motivate more people to carpool, because carpoolers can share the cost of parking while a solo driver pays the full cost...
Il parcheggio è la leva ideale per riformare il traffico...
... The reduction in traffic will come not from fewer vehicle trips but from shorter vehicle trips...
È bene che i ricavi vadano alle comunità locali. Un esempio...
... Old Pasadena, a historic business district in Pasadena, California, is the leading example of a battered area that dramatically improved after the city used parking meter revenue to finance added public services...
Altro esempio...
... When Redwood City began to charge performance prices for curb parking, it also removed the time restrictions at meters, and this has been the program's most popular feature... Removing time limits for curb parking is especially important if meters operate in the evening...
Una volta che i parcheggi hanno le loro tariffe di mercato non ha più senso richiedere parcheggi condominiali, sarebbe uno spreco...
... Reform is not only adopting good policies but also repealing bad policies. Requiring all buildings to provide ample parking is one such bad policy that cities should repeal... Requiring ample parking does give us all the free parking we want, but it also distorts transportation choices, debases urban design, damages the economy, and degrades the environment...
Inconvenienti dell'obbligo...
... First, parking requirements prevent infill redevelopment on small lots... Second, parking requirements prevent new uses for many older buildings that lack the parking spaces required for the new uses...
Già molti centri urbani hanno rimosso l'obbligo, le ragioni sono le più varie...
... Some of the reasons given for removing parking requirements are "to promote the creation of downtown apartments" (Greenfield, Massachusetts), "to see more affordable housing" (Miami), "to meet the needs of smaller businesses" (Muskegon, Michigan), "to give business owners more flexibility while creating a vibrant downtown" (Sandpoint, Idaho), and "to prevent ugly, auto-oriented townhouses" (Seattle)...
L'esempio di Manville...
... Deregulating both the quantity and the location of parking for the new housing was a key factor in restoring and converting the 56 office buildings Manville studied...
L'esempio della Silicon Valley...
... The area required for parking at a restaurant, for example, is more than eight times larger than the dining area in the restaurant itself...
***
Siamo sicuri che l'auto di proprietà sia tanto essenziale?...
... Some people assume that America has a freely chosen love affair with the car. I think it was really an arranged marriage... Cities respond to increasing vehicle travel by increasing their parking requirements, and when citizens then object to traffic congestion, cities respond by restricting development density and requiring even more parking...
Non si capisce da dove arrivi l'insistenza sui parcheggi condominiali obbligatori. O forse sì...
... The profession's commitment to minimum parking requirements seems to be a classic example of groupthink, which Yale professor of psychology Irving Janis defined as "a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members' striving for unanimity overrides their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action."... Requiring Peter to pay for Paul's parking, and Paul to pay for Peter's parking, was a bad idea...
C'è chi propone: meno parcheggi per avere meno traffico. È il solito vizio di pianificare. Fissiamo i prezzi e lasciamo decidere agli altri, il nostro cervello è troppo piccolo per fare un piano sensato...
... The suspicion that feral planners are conspiring to restrict parking has a long history. In his famous 1997 article on "Cars and Their Enemies," the eminent political scientist James Q. Wilson mentioned parking four times, and all his comments are about restrictions: "heavy restrictions on downtown parking," "restrict parking spaces," "parking restrictions," and "higher parking charges...
Chi pianifica sbaglia. Inevitabile...
... For example, a large-scale econometric study found that minimum parking requirements significantly increase the number of parking spaces in cities. Bowman Cutter, Sofia Franco, and Autumn DeWoody (2010)... recent study in New York City also found that most developers build only the minimum number of parking spaces required by zoning. Simon McDonnell, Josiah Madar, and Vicki Been (2011)...
Chi tentenna nel togliere l'obbligo guarda al Texas come ad uno stato problematico. Ma sbaglia...
... Randal O'Toole says, "To find out what cities would be like without minimum parking requirements, we must turn to Texas, where counties aren’t even allowed to zone, much less impose minimum parking requirements."... However, even Houston, which does not have zoning, has minimum parking requirements, and they resemble the parking requirements in almost every other city in the United States.... Because minimum parking requirements are often the real limit to the density of development, Houston's parking requirements may help to explain a longstanding mystery in city planning: If Los Angeles has had zoning for a hundred years and Houston has never had zoning, why do they look the same?... Off-street parking requirements that satisfy the peak demand for free parking are, in reality, free parking requirements...
La distorsione del parcheggio come fringe benefit...
... Drivers who think planners are conspiring against their cars somehow manage to ignore the parking subsidies right under their wheels... Consider, for example, employers in downtown Washington, D.C, who offer free parking for commuters... The Internal Revenue Code creates the incentive to offer free parking... Parking cash out can eliminate this price distortion caused by employer-paid parking...
Ammettiamolo, l'opposizione viene sia da destra che da sinistra...
... One group in San Francisco, the Act Now to Stop War and End Racism (ANSWER) Coalition, has strongly but unsuccessfully tried to block SF, which is the city's new policy of charging market prices for curb parking. One flyer proclaimed: park Stop the parking meter hike!... Drivers who don't want to pay for parking often push poor people out in front of them like human shields, claiming that charging for parking will hurt the poor...
Il povero è usato come scudo umano. Tuttavia, se uno crede che esista un problema di povertà lo affronti nelle sedi adatte in cui si redistribuisce il gettito fiscale. Non quando si discute di parcheggi.
Molta opposizione deriva dalla scarsa familiarità col parcheggio a pagamento,  cio’ dà un po’ di speranza...
...  Some opposition to performance parking prices may be due to unfamiliarity, and only experience will change minds...
In questo senso Niccolò Machiavelli aveva già capito tutto...
... Niccolò Machiavelli wrote, There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things. Because the innovator has for enemies all those who have done well under the old conditions, and lukewarm defenders in those who may do well under the new....
Si noti che la proposta dei prezzi di mercato prescinde dalla privatizzazione dei parcheggi (che è a rischio monopolio)...
... Chicago privatized its parking meters and missed a great opportunity to make performance pricing a part of the deal. Chicago's primary goal for the concession contract was not to manage curb parking but "to maximize the amount of the upfront payment made for the Concession."... I agree with Cliff Winston's comment that privatized curb parking could result in monopolies that charge excessive prices...
Nel mondo, comunque, le cose non sembrano andare molto meglio, consoliamoci...
... Even countries with low automobile ownership have chaotic parking problems, as suggested by this description of Mexico City... Crowded cities in India also have problems with sacred cars, although only 14 percent of households in India own a car, and ownership is concentrated among the relatively rich...
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