5 HL Application to contested cases

Application to contested cases
Note:5@@@@@@@@@ OBIEZIONE AL DOVERE DI OBIETTARE FACENDO IN MODO CHE QUALCUNO TAPPI IL BUCO

Yellow highlight | Location: 902

Hobby Lobby: what it got right, what it got wrong
Note:TtttttttttttttOBAMACARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 906

President Obama’s health-care law required employers to provide health insurance that also covered contraception,
Note:IL CASO

Yellow highlight | Location: 907

sincerely believed
Note:ACCERTATA

Yellow highlight | Location: 918

purchase of the insurance
Note:L ATTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 919

the employers would be material but proximate cooperators in serious wrongdoing,
Note:GIUDIZIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 921

financial help is probably the next closest kind of assistance.
Note:DARE SOLDI => PROSSIMITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 924

So, on an objective theory of cooperation such as I am defending, the owners do come out as illicit cooperators.
Note:CONCLUSIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 930

‘As they [the company owners] understand it, ordering their companies to provide insurance coverage for drugs or devices whose use is inconsistent with their faith itself violates their faith,
Note:GIUDIZIO GIUSTO CON MOTIVAZIONI SBAGLIATE...UNA QUESTIONE ETICA E NN DI FEDE

Yellow highlight | Location: 936

do not look behind the sincerity of the belief to question its reasonableness.
Note:IL DIFETTO DELLA CORTE AMERICANA

Yellow highlight | Location: 952

In my view, this is a recipe for significant future problems that will undermine religious freedom itself.
Note:UNA SUPEEFICIALITÀ XCOLOSA

Yellow highlight | Location: 953

Zubik v. Burwell: an opt-out or a trigger?
Note:TttttttttALTRO CASO OBAMACARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 955

a religious non-profit organisation also objected to the contraceptive mandate

Yellow highlight | Location: 959

Little Sisters of the Poor and then in Zubik, however, objected to the very accommodation itself.
Note:CASO DIVERSO DAL PRECEDENTE....QUI SI VOGLIONO OSTACOLARE VIE ALTERNATIVE AL MALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 963

the objectors in Little Sisters and related cases, and then in Zubik, considered the very act of opting out to be illicit cooperation,
Note:CASO PIÙ RADICALE....SI VUOLE NASCONDERE

Yellow highlight | Location: 965

The objectors wanted no part whatsoever in any activity that ‘triggered’ contraceptive coverage,
Note:L OBIETTORE NN VUOLE NEMMENO COMUNICARE L OBIEZIONE POICHÈ COSÌ FACENDO INNESCA UNA COPERTURA STATALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 970

court, however, rejected
Note:ESITO

Yellow highlight | Location: 971

How else was the government supposed to know what to do if they did not at least know who was opting out?
Note:L OBIEZIONE DELLA CORTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 976

it did not justify the argument that, given the scheme in place, an opt-out was a form of illicit cooperation.
Note:L ARGOMENTO DELLA CORTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 977

mistaken argument
Note:MIO GOUDIZIO SULLA SENTENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 977

it treats their belief about whether they are cooperating illicitly as itself a matter of religion,
Note:XCHÈ

Yellow highlight | Location: 987

if a conscientious objector sincerely believes he is cooperating impermissibly, and if that belief is not subject to any test of reasonableness, it must be protected under law – no matter how unreasonable it is.
Note:L ERRORE DELLA CORTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 988

to believe that opting out is just such a case of cooperation is unreasonable
Note:INVECE...

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,002

Doogan and Wood cannot stand
Note:TtttttttttttPARTECIPAZIONE DIRETTA E NO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,003

Doogan and Wood limited freedom of religion and conscience in abortion cases to actual participation in the abortion process,
Note:IL CASO DELLE OSTETRI CHE SCOZZESI

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,005

Glasgow midwives believed that ‘any involvement in the process
Note:IL RICORENTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,006

‘delegating, supervising and/or supporting staff to participate
Note:ATTI MALVAGI

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,013

Given the law as it stands, it is hard to see how the court could have arrived at any other result.
Note:SENTENZA CONFORME ALLA LEGGE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,015

This does not, however, make the result satisfactory from the viewpoint of freedom of religion and conscience.
Note:LEGGE SBAGLIATA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,016

Supervising an abortion ward, making bookings, managing shifts, offering psychological support before and after the abortion, are all forms of cooperation
Note:INFATTI

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,021

This is where judicial notice of the principles of cooperation would have helped.
Note:PURTROPPO MANCA UNA FILOSOFIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,022

What about euthanasia? Transgender surgery? Extreme cosmetic surgery? Apotemnophilia
Note:TUTTO NEL LIMBO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,028

arranging the night shift or managing rest breaks on the ward was remote, dispensable, material cooperation for which a serious reason, such as loss of employment, existed.
Note:COSA AVREBBE POTUTO DIRE LA CORTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,033

On the other hand, the court might also have held that booking a specific patient in for an abortion was proximate cooperation since this would involve setting the particular process in motion leading to the objectionable primary act.
Note:D ALTRO CANTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,045

Equality Acts and regulations: a charter for inequality
Note:ttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,048

anti-discrimination
Note:UN NODO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,050

age; disability; gender reassignment; marriage and civil partnership; pregnancy and maternity; race; religion or belief; sex; and sexual orientation.
Note:CATEGORIE PROTETTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,053

Bull v. Hall, the case of the Christian guest house owners who refused a room to a same-sex couple in a civil partnership.
Note:IL CASO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,055

judgment, dismissed the Christian guest house owners’ appeal
Note:SENTENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,063

reedom to manifest one’s religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society for the … protection of the rights and freedoms of others.’
Note:RICONOSCIUTO QS LIMITE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,069

the gay couple found alternative accommodation. So they were not denied access to accommodation as such, only to accommodation in a particular guest house.

Note | Location: 1,069

RILEVANTE?

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,071

the guest house owners were penalised for not being allowed to manifest a particular religious belief,
Note:IN COMPENSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,078

it is hard to see why availability is more important, legally or morally, than provision – or vice versa.
Note:I CATTOLICI FORNISCONO I GAY SI RIFORNISCONO...COSA È PIÙ IMPORTANTE LIMITARE?

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,079

A similar case involves the so-called ‘Christian bakers’ in Northern Ireland (the Ashers Baking Company case) who refused to sell to a gay man a cake
Note:UN CASO SIMILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,081

the bakers had directly discriminated
Note:SENTENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,084

‘to hold and manifest their genuinely held religious belief that marriage is, according to God’s law, between one man and one woman’.
Note:IL DIRITTO DEL PANETTIERE LIMITATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,087

Why the partiality for one right over another?
Note:DISCRIMINARE I CATTOLICI È POSSIBILE?

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,088

just as the couple in the guest house case had no trouble finding alternative accommodation, so the man in the bakery case had no trouble finding another baker
ANCHE QUI

4 HL Law needs philosophy: ethical principles of cooperation

Law needs philosophy: ethical principles of cooperation
Note:4@@@@@@@@@@@ IMO: LA GRAVITà DI UN ATTO DIPENDE DA 1) LA GRAVITA' DEL DANNO CHE PROCURA E 2) LA SUA INDISPENSABILITA' NEL PRODURRE QUEL DANNO. TUTTI GLI ALTRI PARAMETRI (IMMEDIATEZZA, PROSSIMITA' ECC) SONO RIDUCIBILI A QUESTI DUEREGOLA: QUANTO PIU' UN ATTO E' GRAVE TANTO PIU' OCCORRE TUTELARE L'OBIEZIONE DI COSCIENZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 559

How might you act wrongly? Let me count the ways
Note:Ttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 560

what I call a ‘primary act’
Note:L ATTO MALVAGIO DIRETTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 561

hurting an innocent person,

Note | Location: 561

ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 562

other ways of acting wrongly in relation to the primary act,
Note:ATTI ACCESSORI

Yellow highlight | Location: 564

advising someone to falsify their CV;
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 570

omitted the most serious way in which one can be implicated in a wrongful primary act
Note:TRASCURATEZZA DELLA LEGGE

Yellow highlight | Location: 572

cooperator in that act.
Note:DEFINIZIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 577

A conscientious objector to some act may want to avoid performing it, or they may want to avoid cooperating with it.
Note:ESIGENZA DELL OBBIETORE

Yellow highlight | Location: 581

In the UK, we see that conscientious objectors have very little real protection
Note:SPECIE NELLA COOPERAZIONE... Zero

Yellow highlight | Location: 592

law without philosophy is certain to be tyranny, or else chaos.
Note:NECESSITÀ DI RAGIONARE IN MODO ORDINATO

Yellow highlight | Location: 597

Types of cooperation
Note:Tttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 600

within the tradition of Catholic moral theology there is a well worked-out and robust teaching on cooperation.
Note:X FORTUNA

Yellow highlight | Location: 604

we would find freedom of conscience and religion receiving much greater protection, but it would also place reasonable limits on that protection
Note:CON UNA BUONA FILOSOFIA I CONFINI SARANNO PIÙ DEFINITI

Yellow highlight | Location: 609

Formal cooperation involves a clear (explicit or maybe implicit) intent to share in the responsibility (or guilt)
Note:COOP FORMALE: VOGLIO FARE IL MALE INSIEME A TE

Yellow highlight | Location: 615

A material cooperator is in some way co-opted into assisting the primary agent, usually through physical duress or some lesser inducement.
Note:COOP MATERIALE: IL MALE E' UN EFFETTO COLLATERALE DEL MIO REALE OBBIETTIVO (ES: VOGLIO I SOLDI X EVITARE LA POVERTA', NON RAPINARTI). VOGLIO CONSERVARE IL MIO IMPIEGO, NON PROCURARE ABORTI NELLA CLINICA DOVE LAVORO

Yellow highlight | Location: 617

threat of violence
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 618

provide contraceptive health insurance or face a financial penalty,
Note:ES DI MINACCIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 620

material cooperator does not intend that the act he is cooperating with be performed,
Note:DIFFERENZA CON IL FORMALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 626

A second question is whether the assistance is mediate or immediate.
Note:ALTRA DISTINZIONE: RIGUARDA IL COINVOLGIMENTO. COMPIO L'ATTO MALVAGIO IN MODO DIRETTO (ESEMPIO SONO IN SALA OPERATORIA DURANTE L'ABORTO) OPPURE SONO COINVOLTO IN MODO INDIRETTO: STERILIZZO IL BISTURI CHE SERVIRA' AD ABORTIRE

Yellow highlight | Location: 629

Helping someone carry away stolen goods is therefore immediate cooperation, whereas locating the target or driving the getaway car is mediate cooperation.
Note:ESEMPI... IL COOPERATORE IMMEDIATO E' COINVOLTO NELL'ATTO MALVAGIO, INDIPENDENTEMENTE DALLA SUA VOLONTA'...QUELLO MEDIATO NO. TRASPORTARE BENI RUBATI SIGNIFICA PARTECIPARE AL FURTO...INDIVIDUARE L'OBBIETTIVO NO. GUIDARE LA MACCHINA DELLA FUGA NN SIGNIFICA RAPINARE UNA BANCA

Yellow highlight | Location: 633

the basic idea is that morality is about doing good and avoiding evil.
Note:EVITARE IL MALE È IMPOSSIBILE POICHÈ È IMPOSSIBILE CALCOLATE LE CONSEG DEI NS ATTI...X QS DOBBIAMO ISOLARE LA COOP COLPEVOLE DALLE ALTRE...LA QUESTIONE SI FA SOTTILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 638

Dispensability
Note:Ttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 639

we need to ask is whether the cooperation is dispensable or indispensable.
Note:PRIMA QUESTIONE

Yellow highlight | Location: 639

If the primary agent depends on another’s cooperation it is indispensable,
Note:INDISPENSABILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 653

Proximity
Note:Tttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 654

how far away the cooperative act is from the primary act, primarily but not solely in space and time.
Note:ALTRO ELEMENTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 655

how close the cooperator is, causally speaking,
Note:Cccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 659

selling petrol to a driver on the way to a burglary, even if the seller knows what the driver is up to, is quite remote.

Note | Location: 660

ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 660

Showing the burglar where the key is hidden is very proximate.
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 673

handing over surgical instruments is more proximate than administering anaesthetic, which is more proximate than booking in a patient for surgery.
Note:ESEMPIO MEDICO

Yellow highlight | Location: 686

Balancing goods and bads
Note:Ttttttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 687

proximity, dispensability, immediacy,
Note:I TRE PARAMETRI

Yellow highlight | Location: 690

the question of what reasons the cooperator might have for assisting the primary agent,
Note:ALTRO ELEMENTO RILEVANTE

Yellow highlight | Location: 707

The only sure way to do no bad is to do nothing at all – and even that might plausibly be thought to be doing bad by omitting to do good! We need, therefore, reasonable principles to allow us to go about our lives
Note:RIPETIAMO L ESIGENZA PRIMARIA

Yellow highlight | Location: 709

On the other hand, there are limits: sometimes our acts are just too close to other bad acts
Note:Cccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 711

here are some very general principles that help us to evaluate cooperation cases,
Note:LA META

Yellow highlight | Location: 713

the first consideration is whether the objector sincerely believes the primary act,
Note:PRIMO REQUISITO DELL OBBIETTORE SINCERITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 718

They are only concerned with whether the objector is a genuine believer in a genuine ethical or religious code.
Note:LE CORTI...DI SOLITO...UN UNICO INTERESSE

Yellow highlight | Location: 721

Here, I argue, the rules of cooperation are subject to the test of reasonableness,
Note:CAVEAT

Yellow highlight | Location: 723

Formal cooperation, as I have already suggested, is morally off limits. The same goes for immediate material cooperation
Note:PRIMI DUE CASI...LA DISOBB. DEVE ESSERE TUTELATA

Yellow highlight | Location: 727

Hence requiring a nurse23 to hand over surgical instruments for an abortion is impermissible,
Note:DEF COOP IMMEDIATA: IL MALE E' UN EFFETTO COLLATERALE DI UN ATTO CHE COMPIO PERSONALMENTE. ES. MI SEVONO SOLDI PER FARE X (OBBIETTIVO REALE) E TI RAPINO PER OTTENERLI. ALTRO ESEMPIO DI CCOPER MATERIALE IMMEDIATA

Yellow highlight | Location: 730

handing over drugs for the purpose of euthanasia.
Note:ALTRO CASO

Yellow highlight | Location: 735

handing over sedatives to keep a patient quiet while they were denied ‘artificial nutrition and hydration’,
Note:COOP IMMEDIATA X OMISSIONE...SPESSO IMPOSTA

Yellow highlight | Location: 737

the supply of means or conditions for the primary act
Note:VENIAMO ALLA COOP MEDIATA. EFFETTO COLLATERALE INDIRETTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 738

how to balance the loss to be avoided by the cooperator,
Note:IL PUNTO IN QS CASI....OCCORRE ANALISI COSTI BENEFICI: IL BENE BILANCIA IL MALE?

Yellow highlight | Location: 739

balancing act or proportionality
Note:Cccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 740

taking your car on a one-minute drive to the corner shop to buy milk generally does not justify the pollution
Note:ANALOGIA 1

Yellow highlight | Location: 741

Again, the dentist justifies the moderate pain she causes by the necessity of repairing a damaged tooth.
Note:ANALOGIA 2

Yellow highlight | Location: 742

the wrong with which you are potentially cooperating, the greater must be the avoidance of loss that cooperation procures.
Note:REGOLA GENERALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 743

cosmetic surgery
Note:SI PUÓ OBBIETTARE MA IL DANNO NN È GRAVISSIMO

Yellow highlight | Location: 744

Were she to be subject to loss of employment for refusing to cooperate,
Note:DANNO SUBITO DALL OBIETTORE....COOP CONSENTITA

Yellow highlight | Location: 746

Suppose, by contrast, she would merely have a day’s pay docked for not cooperating:
Note:IN ALTERNATIVA

Yellow highlight | Location: 747

Now consider a pharmacist who refuses to sell the ‘morning-after pill’ because she knows that sometimes it kills an embryo,
Note:ALTRO CASO DI COOP MEDIATA...O EFFETTO COLLATERALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 748

the cost of refusal to cooperate
Note:PUÒ ESSERE IL LICENZIAMENTO COME PUÒ ESSERE IL MANCATO GUADAGNO

Yellow highlight | Location: 751

Now, one might immediately – and quite understandably – tend to become obsessed about these delicate balancing acts.
Note:MA IL CALCOLO COSTI BENEFICI È SEMPRE DIFFICILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 753

How can anyone know?
Note:Cccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 753

an exercise in clothing our intuitions
Note:DI FATTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 756

We have to look at the situation in front of us, the competing goods and bads,
Note:MA È INEVOTABILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 759

We need a good deal of ‘practical wisdom’,
Note:TORNIAMO AD ARISTOTELE E AL BUON SENSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 760

the grand tradition of the common law
Note:ALTRA FONTE DA CUI ESTRARRE BUON SENSO

Yellow highlight | Location: 763

Suppose the government, as in the Obamacare mandate, imposes a severe financial penalty on individuals (or groups) for non-cooperation
Note:PARADOSSO...IL GOVERNO È FORSE INCENTIVATO A PENALIZZARE X RENDERE MORALE UN ATTO MALVAGIO?

Yellow highlight | Location: 766

It would be like the fraudster who thinks that if he wants to get a morally upright person to help him embezzle money, it’s better to hold a gun to their head
Note:L ANALOGIA.... LA MORALIZZAZIONE DI X AVVIENE GRAZIE ALL IMMORALIZZAZIONE DI Y

Yellow highlight | Location: 777

The burden the government imposes – say, a financial penalty for failing to assist with furthering a government objective – must reasonably reflect the importance the government attaches to the objective, not merely the eagerness with which it seeks to secure compliance.
Note:LA MORALITÀ DEL GOV

Yellow highlight | Location: 779

we now need to see briefly how factors such as proximity and dispensability apply
Note:CAMBIO ARGOMENTO...PS LA PROSSIMITÀ È UNA GRADUALITÀ DELLA MEDIATEZZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 780

The general principle is that the more the cooperator is implicated in the primary act,
Note:PRINCIPIO GENERALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 782

There is no absolute judgment to be made here as far as implication goes, only a comparative one.
Note:CAVEAT

Yellow highlight | Location: 784

consider a nurse who has scruples about cooperating with some extreme cosmetic surgery that she considers wrong for the patient to undergo. She is worried about whether she should book the patient
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 787

she admits the patient, the patient will certainly be operated on, and if she refuses, then the patient will not, even though he might be operated on at another time when the nurse is away
Note:PROSSIMITÀ E DISPENSABILITÀ...CAUSALMENTE PROSSIMA MA SOSTITUIBILE

Yellow highlight | Location: 791

admission of the patient would be relatively remote,
Note:SE DOPO L AMMISSIONE CI SONO ULTERIORI ESAMI E VISITE INTERMEDIE

Yellow highlight | Location: 793

compared to the person who cleans the ward or serves the food, the nurse is a very proximate cooperator;
Note:GIUDIZIO COMPARATIVO...NN ASSOLUTO

Yellow highlight | Location: 804

the more serious the wrong with which a person cooperates and the more implicated they are, the greater the reason they need for their cooperation to be justified.
Note:REGOLA GENERALE....PROSSIMITÀ E Ecco NDISPENSABILITÀ AUMENTANO L ESIGENZA ETICA DI NN COLLABORARE

Yellow highlight | Location: 812

The more indispensable the cooperation, the greater the reason must be for assisting.
Note:SE SEI INDISPENSABILE LE TUE RAGIONI X OBBIETTARE CRESCONO

Yellow highlight | Location: 814

the more proximate the cooperation, the greater the reason needed:
Note:IDEM X LA PROSSIMITÀ

Yellow highlight | Location: 814

someone who provides information to another on how to commit suicide
Note:ESEMPIO

Yellow highlight | Location: 815

someone who sells them the suicide drugs.
Note:Cccccccccc

Yellow highlight | Location: 818

How serious is the wrong of the primary act?
Note:ALTRO FATTORE CHE PESA...MACUMBA

Yellow highlight | Location: 828

highly proximate, indispensable cooperation in a very serious wrong
Note:IN GENERALE

Yellow highlight | Location: 830

I am not suggesting such cooperation would necessarily be admirable or praiseworthy – only that it would be permissible.
Note:A COSA SIAMO INTERESSATI QUI

Yellow highlight | Location: 837

If the cooperation is dispensable, or not highly proximate, the justification bar is lowered
Note:RIPETO REGOLA

Yellow highlight | Location: 853

We have to make fine distinctions in some cases. We have to exercise what the ancient Greek philosophers called ‘practical wisdom’.
Note:SAGGEZZA

Yellow highlight | Location: 857

Should you sign? It depends
Note:Ttttttttt

Yellow highlight | Location: 877

In 1863, the US federal government’s Civil War Enrolment Act permitted a draftee to avoid service by either providing a substitute or paying $300.
Note:I CASI IN CUI OBBIETTARE SIGNIFICA COLLABORARE IN ALTRO.MODO

Yellow highlight | Location: 881

The objector’s cooperation would have been highly proximate, since soldiers and weapons are the most proximate means of fighting a war
Note:CON LE PREMESSE FATTE POSSIAMO DIRE CHE L OBIEZIONE HA VALORE

Yellow highlight | Location: 897

If the courts were to give this sort of reasoning about cooperation the attention it deserved, a rich jurisprudence on the subject would surely develop over time.
CONXLUSIONE

LINK La cultura senza il genio non va lontano

https://feedly.com/i/entry/Od/Z0OrlTBzSrJtcae1t5qtueOtvOco3UFNx6gD9Pd4=_1663ee4ff49:a00034:3df421eb


La cultura trasmette in eredità grandi saperi ma spesso blocca anche i miglioramenti. Occorre un genio per superare i blocchi.

IL PRIMATO DELLA POLITICA

Riccardo Mariani

Adesso · 

IL PRIMATO DELLA POLITICA

Primato dell'economia => globalizzazione.

Primato della politica => colonizzazione.

Tanto per capire di cosa parliamo

PER UNA CULTURA PRO-BUSINESS

Riccardo Mariani

Adesso · 

PER UNA CULTURA PRO-BUSINESS

Cinque motivi per rendere grazie all’imprenditore commerciale:

1) Produce e rende disponibili a prezzo contenuto una miriade di beni meravigliosi, e ben raramente lo fa sfruttando i lavoratori. E’ vero che talvolta noi restiamo inappagati anche in mezzo a tanto ben di Dio, ma questa è una debolezza che riguarda noi e solo noi. Il nostro benefattore va comunque ringraziato.

2) Paga le tasse (più o meno), il che significa che produce più valore di quanto ne intaschi. E’ questo un disincentivo che merita di essere mitigato dalla nostra gratitudine.

3) E’ spesso soggetto ad una qualche forma di concorrenza, il che, ancora una volta, fa sì che incameri meno di quel che produce. Il fatto che non rinunci alla sua impresa è dunque meritorio e da incoraggiare.

4) Senza rispetto e ammirazione intorno a lui l’imprenditore commerciale deve appoggiarsi solo alla molla dell’egoismo, dell’invidia e dell’avidità.

5) La gratitudine fa bene innanzitutto a chi la esprime.

Mi piaceVedi altre reazioni

CommentaCondividi

Commenti

Le virtù morali del percato

https://www.econlib.org/pro-market-and-pro-business/

prima difesa
My prima facie case begins with this basic fact: Businesses produce and deliver virtually all of the wonderful, affordable products that we enjoy. Contrary to millennia of economic illiterates, businesses rarely do so by “exploiting” their workers.  

secondo https://feedly.com/i/entry/B7jw4LCucCLXhd0mcd9EmMn+sbxtNLGOdNAs60PDOTo=_16636611f3c:2d0ae53:a84931b0

almost all businesses pay taxes.*  At the margin, then, they produce more value than they earn.  So why not mitigate this disincentive with some gratitude?

terzo

almost all businesses are imperfectly competitive: monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition… take your pick.  At the margin, these imperfectly competitive firms produce more value than they earn;

la cultura del rispeto e dell'ammirazione è importante

If no one respects business, business has to rely solely on the efforts of the rare humans who do not crave respect.

la gratitudine, poi, fa bene innanzitutto a chi la esprime https://www.econlib.org/archives/2013/09/the_gratitude_o.html

LOTTA ALLA POVERTA’

Riccardo Mariani

Adesso · 

LOTTA ALLA POVERTA’

L’uomo è tenuto ad aiutare il suo prossimo in povertà: il suo aiuto è inatteso e privato, non presenta inconvenienti.

Il governante deve invece astenersi: l’aiuto statale è pubblico e prevedibile, quindi generatore di burocrazia e ulteriore povertà. Pensando allo stato "aiutare i poveri" e "incentivare la povertà" sono espressioni intercambiabili.

Il governo di una società prospera, in altri termini, non deve “aiutare” nessuno ma creare una società libera e dinamica che aumenti le opportunità per tutti.

OCCIDENTE SENZA COSCIENZA

Riccardo Mariani

Adesso · 

OCCIDENTE SENZA COSCIENZA

L’ Obamacare che richiede obbligatoriamente al datore di lavoro di includere nell’assicurazione sanitaria dei suoi dipendenti varie forme di contraccezione (anche abortiva).

Le ostetriche inglesi che, anche se obbiettrici, sono tenute comunque a collaborare indirettamente alle pratiche abortive.

Il medico canadese che si rifiuta di praticare l’eutanasia e che deve comunque indirizzare il suo paziente verso uno specialista disposto ad ucciderlo.

Il farmacista europeo che non puo’ rifiutarsi di vendere contraccettivi legali.

La Svezia che ormai non consente nemmeno più l’obiezione all’aborto.

La UE che garantisce l’obiezione di coscienza solo se il servizio è comunque garantito a chi lo chiede senza costi aggiuntivi.

L’odissea del pasticciere USA che si è rifiutato di confezionare una torta per il matrimonio gay. Il caso si è ripetuto a Belfast.

L’ostello cattolico condannato per aver respinto una coppia gay.

Le organizzazioni cattoliche che hanno chiuso i battenti per non incorrere nelle sanzioni anti-discriminatorie in materia di adozioni gay.

L’ospedale cattolico sotto tiro per non aver effettuato un’operazione di cambio di sesso.

Le continue minacce alla libertà di espressione quando si espongono idee fondate sul proprio culto.

Eccetera, eccetera, eccetera.

Ma come è possibile che una società sedicente liberale, pluralistica, “politeista” in tema di valori, con tanti diversi punti di vista etico-religiosi, dove il disaccordo su questioni fondamentali è così diffuso poi valorizzi sempre meno la libertà di coscienza dei suoi cittadini?

AMAZON.COM

Opting Out: Conscience and Cooperation in a Pluralistic Society: Conscience and Cooperation in a Pluralistic Society

Should people with deeply held objections to certain practices be allowed to opt out of involvement with them? Should a Christian baker who objects to homosexuality be allowed to deny service to a customer seeking a cake for a gay wedding? Should a Catholic nurse be able to refuse to contribute t...

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