Perché l'America è più ricca e felice dell'Europa?
martedì 27 febbraio 2018
Vedere, provare, ascoltare
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L'espressionista cio' che prova.
Il realista sociale cio' che ascolta... dal commissario di partito.
#Amazon
CHAPTER 5 Experts Versus Equations
CHAPTER 5 Experts Versus Equations
Note:5@@@@@@@@@
Note:5@@@@@@@@@
Yellow highlight | Page: 103
So who’s more accurate, Super Crunchers or traditional experts?
Note:DOMANDA
Note:DOMANDA
Yellow highlight | Page: 103
intuitivists and clinicians
Yellow highlight | Page: 103
decision making can’t be quantified
Note:TESI INTUIZIONISTA
Note:TESI INTUIZIONISTA
Yellow highlight | Page: 103
it is possible to test
Yellow highlight | Page: 103
Super Crunching can be used to adjudicate
Note:CHI GIUDICA
Note:CHI GIUDICA
Yellow highlight | Page: 104
Ted Ruger,
Yellow highlight | Page: 104
they could predict how Supreme Court justices would vote.
Note:LA PRETESA DI MARTIN E QUINN USANDO POCHE VARIABILI
Note:LA PRETESA DI MARTIN E QUINN USANDO POCHE VARIABILI
Yellow highlight | Page: 104
competition” to compare the accuracy of two different ways to predict the outcome of Supreme Court cases.
Note:LA GARA
Note:LA GARA
Yellow highlight | Page: 104
Super Crunching predictions
Note:IN UN ANGOLO
Note:IN UN ANGOLO
Yellow highlight | Page: 104
opinions of eighty-three legal experts.
Note:NELL ALTRO
Note:NELL ALTRO
Yellow highlight | Page: 105
The political scientists’ model took into account only six factors:
Note:EQ CON 6 VARIABILI
Note:EQ CON 6 VARIABILI
Yellow highlight | Page: 105
law has not been logic; it has been experience.”
Note:VISIONE DI HOLMES...POSITIVISMO...CENTRATO SULLE PERSONE
Note:VISIONE DI HOLMES...POSITIVISMO...CENTRATO SULLE PERSONE
Yellow highlight | Page: 105
“law is a science,
Note:VISIONE CONTRAPPOSTA.....COERENTISMO...PIÙ MEL MERITO
Note:VISIONE CONTRAPPOSTA.....COERENTISMO...PIÙ MEL MERITO
Yellow highlight | Page: 105
emphasis on the judge’s prejudices,
Note:MODELLO HOLMESIANO
Note:MODELLO HOLMESIANO
Yellow highlight | Page: 107
The first decision point predicts that O’Connor would vote to reverse whenever the lower court decision was coded as being “liberal.”
Note:ESEMPIO
Note:ESEMPIO
Yellow highlight | Page: 107
humans are still necessary to code the case.
Note:UN RUOLO SOGGETTIVO ANCHE X L ALGORITMO
Note:UN RUOLO SOGGETTIVO ANCHE X L ALGORITMO
Yellow highlight | Page: 107
The experts lost.
Note:ESITO
Note:ESITO
Yellow highlight | Page: 108
In study after study, there is a strong tendency for the Super Crunchers to come out on top.
Note:LA TENDENZA IN VARIE AREE
Note:LA TENDENZA IN VARIE AREE
Yellow highlight | Page: 108
Little
CAPITOLO DA TERMINARE
CAPITOLO DA TERMINARE
HL CHAPTER 3 Now Is the Time to Panic: What to Do When Safety Fails
CHAPTER 3 Now Is the Time to Panic: What to Do When Safety Fails
Note:3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@SICUREZZA CIBO E GIOCATTOLI
Note:3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@SICUREZZA CIBO E GIOCATTOLI
Yellow highlight | Location: 832
panic swept the supermarkets.
Note:2006
Note:2006
Yellow highlight | Location: 833
hospitalized with food poisoning
Note:VECCHIETTA
Note:VECCHIETTA
Yellow highlight | Location: 833
dozens of cases
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infected by E. coli from eating fresh spinach.
Note:LA VOCE DELLO SPINACIO ASSASSINO
Note:LA VOCE DELLO SPINACIO ASSASSINO
Yellow highlight | Location: 835
Administration issued a general warning
Yellow highlight | Location: 837
The response was dramatic.
Note:OVEREACTION
Note:OVEREACTION
Yellow highlight | Location: 842
a shipment of 1,002 pounds of spinach harvested in California’s
Note:IL COLPEVOLE
Note:IL COLPEVOLE
Yellow highlight | Location: 845
The spinach recall was to food what the subprime mortgage crisis was
Note:ANALOGIA
Note:ANALOGIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 849
The food chain and the financial system
Note:COMPLESSITÀ
Note:COMPLESSITÀ
Yellow highlight | Location: 853
unacceptable when the public is accustomed to taking its safety for granted,
Note:RIFIUTO E PANI CO
Note:RIFIUTO E PANI CO
Yellow highlight | Location: 855
not just the fact, but even more the perception,
Note:LA FONTE DEL DANNO
Note:LA FONTE DEL DANNO
Yellow highlight | Location: 856
studying the potentially carcinogenic properties of Alar, a pesticide
Note:PESTICIDI E CANCRO
Note:PESTICIDI E CANCRO
Yellow highlight | Location: 858
EPA declared Alar a health risk though not an imminent one,
Note:VERDETTO
Note:VERDETTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 860
The reaction to the broadcast was swift.
Note:MELE MALEDETTE
Note:MELE MALEDETTE
Yellow highlight | Location: 862
yanked all the apples off
Note:ANCHE SE SOTTO I LIVELLI DI GUARDIA
Note:ANCHE SE SOTTO I LIVELLI DI GUARDIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 863
“We’re not dealing with reality.”
Note:CONCLUSIONE
Note:CONCLUSIONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 871
from a different point of view, the “panic” was rational.
Note:PANICO RAZIONALE
Note:PANICO RAZIONALE
Yellow highlight | Location: 872
substitutes are readily available,
Note:ESITO DELL ABBONDANZA
Note:ESITO DELL ABBONDANZA
Yellow highlight | Location: 873
a small inconvenience
Note:RINUNCIARE A MICROSCOPICI PERICOLI
Note:RINUNCIARE A MICROSCOPICI PERICOLI
Yellow highlight | Location: 876
panic has a certain logic.
Note:MORALE
Note:MORALE
Yellow highlight | Location: 899
Industry and regulators have worked hard to foster belief in the complete safety of the industry.
Note:FUNZIONE DLLA REGOLA
Note:FUNZIONE DLLA REGOLA
Yellow highlight | Location: 900
raise expectations in perverse ways.
Note:EFFETTO COLLATERALE
Note:EFFETTO COLLATERALE
Yellow highlight | Location: 908
Option two: I flip a coin. Heads, I give you $1,000. Tails, nothing. Which option do you prefer?
Note:TEST. OPZ 1: TI DO 500€
Note:TEST. OPZ 1: TI DO 500€
Yellow highlight | Location: 911
someone indifferent to risk would be equally happy
Yellow highlight | Location: 912
choose option one.
Note:LA MAGGIORANZA
Note:LA MAGGIORANZA
Yellow highlight | Location: 913
real people are not “risk neutral”:
Yellow highlight | Location: 914
This observation was first made by the Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli
Yellow highlight | Location: 919
people put enormous value on probabilities of 100 percent.
Note:SINDROME 100%
Note:SINDROME 100%
Yellow highlight | Location: 919
Tversky and Kahneman
Note:LOSS AVERSION IN PRESENZA DI 100
Note:LOSS AVERSION IN PRESENZA DI 100
Yellow highlight | Location: 923
a 20 percent chance at $4,000 (expected payoff $800); the second had a 25 percent chance of $3,000 (expected payoff $750).
Note:SPARISCE 100 SPARISCE LA
Note:SPARISCE 100 SPARISCE LA
Yellow highlight | Location: 926
probability of 100 percent has a special appeal.
Yellow highlight | Location: 930
Why do we hate uncertainty?
Yellow highlight | Location: 930
theory of diminishing utility, a fancy way of saying that each dollar of income
Note:RISOSTA ECONOMIISTI
Note:RISOSTA ECONOMIISTI
Yellow highlight | Location: 936
“the endowment effect”: people put greater value on something when they own it than when they don’t.
Note:SPIEGA PSICOLOG
Note:SPIEGA PSICOLOG
Yellow highlight | Location: 939
Uncertainty
Note:TASSA SULLA PSICHE
Note:TASSA SULLA PSICHE
Yellow highlight | Location: 940
The more imminent and tangible the possibility, the more painful it becomes
Note:IMMINENZA
Note:IMMINENZA
Yellow highlight | Location: 948
These findings help explain the enormous value we place on safety,
Note:VALORE SICUREZZA
Note:VALORE SICUREZZA
Yellow highlight | Location: 950
why stocks over time return more than bonds.
Note:ALTRO FATTO SPIEGATO
Note:ALTRO FATTO SPIEGATO
Yellow highlight | Location: 952
The findings explain why we buy insurance, too.
Note:ASSICURAZIOMNI COME BANCO DEL CASINO
Note:ASSICURAZIOMNI COME BANCO DEL CASINO
Yellow highlight | Location: 953
customer buying a policy is taking an unfair bet.
Note:ANALOGIA
Note:ANALOGIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 956
Gary Gorton,
Note:BANK PANIC
Note:BANK PANIC
Yellow highlight | Location: 995
Gorton concluded that panics were about lack of information:
HL CHAPTER 2 IGNORANT, IRRATIONAL, MISINFORMED NATIONALISTS
CHAPTER 2 IGNORANT, IRRATIONAL, MISINFORMED NATIONALISTS
Note:2@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Note:2@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Yellow highlight | Location: 451
crosses the street
Note:L INCENTIVO A GUARDAR BENE
Note:L INCENTIVO A GUARDAR BENE
Yellow highlight | Location: 452
incentive to form beliefs in a rational
Yellow highlight | Location: 453
optical illusion.
Note:DUBBI CERVELLOTICI
Note:DUBBI CERVELLOTICI
Yellow highlight | Location: 454
conspiracy theory,
Note:COSA CI COSTA CRDERE AI COMPLOTTI?
Note:COSA CI COSTA CRDERE AI COMPLOTTI?
Yellow highlight | Location: 454
chances that an individual’s vote will make any sort of difference
Note:UNO SA CHE IL SUO VOTO NN FARÀ MAI LA DIFDERENZA
Note:UNO SA CHE IL SUO VOTO NN FARÀ MAI LA DIFDERENZA
Yellow highlight | Location: 456
A well-informed vote produces the same results as a badly informed,
Note:I VOTI NN SI PESANO
Note:I VOTI NN SI PESANO
Yellow highlight | Location: 460
irrationality is punished.
Yellow highlight | Location: 461
knowledge and rationality do not pay,
Note:IN POLITICA
Note:IN POLITICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 463
We fight unnecessary wars. We implement bad policies that perpetuate poverty. We overregulate drugs or underregulate carbon pollution.
Note:LISTA ERRORI
Note:LISTA ERRORI
Yellow highlight | Location: 469
Ignorance and apathy
Note:HOBBIT
Note:HOBBIT
Yellow highlight | Location: 470
bias and zealotry
Note:HOOLIGANS
Note:HOOLIGANS
Yellow highlight | Location: 471
WHAT CITIZENS DON’T KNOW
Note:Ttttttttttt
Note:Ttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 480
Philip Converse
Note:L ESPERTO IN IGNORANZA ELETTORALE
Note:L ESPERTO IN IGNORANZA ELETTORALE
Yellow highlight | Location: 481
the mean is low and the variance is high.”
Note:DISTRIBUZIONE DELL INFO POLITICA
Note:DISTRIBUZIONE DELL INFO POLITICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 482
Somin,
Yellow highlight | Location: 484
35 percent of voters are “know-nothings.”
Note | Location: 485
SOMIN
Yellow highlight | Location: 486
Larry Bartels
Yellow highlight | Location: 487
one the best-documented features
Note:SE C È QUALCOSA CHE SAPPIAMO
Note:SE C È QUALCOSA CHE SAPPIAMO
Yellow highlight | Location: 488
Jeffrey Friedman
Yellow highlight | Location: 488
academic and journalistic
Note:IL TERMINE DI PARAGONE
Note:IL TERMINE DI PARAGONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 489
John Ferejohn
Yellow highlight | Location: 490
the paucity of information most people possess about politics.”
Note:COSA VEDERE
Note:COSA VEDERE
Yellow highlight | Location: 493
congressional candidates in their district.
Note:SEGUONO ESEMPI DI IGNORANZA
Note:SEGUONO ESEMPI DI IGNORANZA
Yellow highlight | Location: 494
which party controls Congress.
Yellow highlight | Location: 496
unaware that Congress had added a prescription drug benefit to Medicare,
Yellow highlight | Location: 499
Troubled Asset Relief Program was enacted under George W. Bush rather than Barack Obama.
Yellow highlight | Location: 502
how much money is spent on foreign aid,
Yellow highlight | Location: 504
In 1964, only a minority of citizens knew that the Soviet Union was not a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Yellow highlight | Location: 508
not understand what the Cold War was about.
Yellow highlight | Location: 509
how much is spent on social security
Yellow highlight | Location: 513
slightly more than half of all Americans knew Al Gore was more liberal than Bush,
Yellow highlight | Location: 514
less than half knew that Gore was more supportive of abortion rights,
Yellow highlight | Location: 518
worse than a coin flip.
Note:SU QUESTIONI CHIAVE
Note:SU QUESTIONI CHIAVE
Yellow highlight | Location: 520
voters generally know who the current president is, but they don’t know much more beyond that.
Note:NN DI PIÙ
Note:NN DI PIÙ
Yellow highlight | Location: 521
nonvoters—adult
Note:I PIÙ IGNORANTI
Note:I PIÙ IGNORANTI
Yellow highlight | Location: 529
the form of a multiple-choice test.
Note:I TEST DI IGNORANZA SOTTOSTIMANO L IGNORANZA
Note:I TEST DI IGNORANZA SOTTOSTIMANO L IGNORANZA
Yellow highlight | Location: 533
they usually don’t ask citizens to identify particulars or degrees.
Note:CONSIDERATA CONOSCENZA ANCHE QUELLA RELATIVA
Note:CONSIDERATA CONOSCENZA ANCHE QUELLA RELATIVA
Yellow highlight | Location: 534
how much more
Note:ORDINALI SUFFICIENTI
Note:ORDINALI SUFFICIENTI
Yellow highlight | Location: 537
how much it had decreased.
Note:DEBITO
Note:DEBITO
Yellow highlight | Location: 543
they ask easy questions.
Note:STUDI TROPPO FACILI
Note:STUDI TROPPO FACILI
Yellow highlight | Location: 544
easily verifiable facts.
Note:OGGETTO
Note:OGGETTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 546
You could Google the answer to all these questions in a few minutes.
Note:EPPURE NESSUNO SA
Note:EPPURE NESSUNO SA
Yellow highlight | Location: 547
easy questions is not enough to be well informed about politics.
Note:È LA BASE
Note:È LA BASE
Yellow highlight | Location: 550
To know whom to vote for, one needs to know more than what candidates stand for,
Note:ESEMPIO
Note:ESEMPIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 552
to assess whether the candidates’ preferred policies would tend to promote
Note:ANDARE OLTRE
Note:ANDARE OLTRE
Yellow highlight | Location: 553
Smith favors free trade, and Colbert favors protectionism.
Note:ESEMPIO
Note:ESEMPIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 555
Friedman and Wilson both want to reduce inner-city crime, but Friedman argues we should end the war on drugs, while Wilson says we need to double down.
Note | Location: 556
ALTRO ESEMPIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 556
need to know about criminology, the economics and sociology of black markets,
Note:COSA OCCORRE SAPERE
Note:COSA OCCORRE SAPERE
Yellow highlight | Location: 557
significant social scientific knowledge.
Note:COSA MANCA
Note:COSA MANCA
Yellow highlight | Location: 558
“What voters don’t know would fill a university library.”
Note:MOTTO
Note:MOTTO
Yellow highlight | Location: 563
ideology Smith called “mercantilism.”
Note:ESEMPIO DI IGNORANZA ECONOMICA
Note:ESEMPIO DI IGNORANZA ECONOMICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 564
the typical American voter more or less accepts mercantilism.
Note:ESITO DELLA BATTAGLIA DI SMITH
Note:ESITO DELLA BATTAGLIA DI SMITH
Yellow highlight | Location: 566
don’t know what the three branches of government are,
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 572
Americans revere the Constitution, but they don’t know what it says.
Note:IGNORANZA COSTIT
Note:IGNORANZA COSTIT
Yellow highlight | Location: 575
They just need to know enough to throw the incumbent bastards out when the bastards are doing a bad job.”
Note:OBIEZIONE
Note:OBIEZIONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 577
requires a tremendous amount of social scientific knowledge.
Note:SAPERE INDIVIDUARE UN BAD JOB
Note:SAPERE INDIVIDUARE UN BAD JOB
Yellow highlight | Location: 581
how to attribute responsibility
Note:ES DI DIFFICOLTÀ DA SUPERARE
Note:ES DI DIFFICOLTÀ DA SUPERARE
Yellow highlight | Location: 585
how stable political ignorance is.
Note:LA COSA PIÚ SORPRENDENTE
Note:LA COSA PIÚ SORPRENDENTE
Yellow highlight | Location: 585
information is cheap
Note:OGGI
Note:OGGI
Yellow highlight | Location: 586
I use it to look at pictures of cats and argue with strangers.”
Note:LO STRUMENTO PER CONOSCERE TUTTO LO SCIBILE UMANO
Note:LO STRUMENTO PER CONOSCERE TUTTO LO SCIBILE UMANO
Yellow highlight | Location: 588
better educated than ever before,
Note:OGGI
Note:OGGI
Yellow highlight | Location: 589
remain roughly as ignorant
Note:EPPURE
Note:EPPURE
Yellow highlight | Location: 590
MOST VOTERS AREN’T STUPID; THEY JUST DON’T CARE
Note:Ttttttttttt
Note:Ttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 592
Acquiring information has a cost.
Note:PERCHÈ GNORANTI? BASTA LA MICROECONOMIA
Note:PERCHÈ GNORANTI? BASTA LA MICROECONOMIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 594
expected benefits of possessing that
Note:MINUSCOLI
Note:MINUSCOLI
Yellow highlight | Location: 595
rational ignorance.
Note:FENOMENO
Note:FENOMENO
Yellow highlight | Location: 607
A vote makes a difference
Note:EVENTO RARISSIMO
Note:EVENTO RARISSIMO
Yellow highlight | Location: 610
more likely to win Powerball
Note:DIAMOCI ALLE LOTTERIE
Note:DIAMOCI ALLE LOTTERIE
Yellow highlight | Location: 616
votes have almost zero expected value.
Note:VALORE
Note:VALORE
Yellow highlight | Location: 618
SOME CITIZENS KNOW MUCH MORE THAN OTHERS
Note:Tttttttttt
Note:Tttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 619
Ignorance is not uniform.
Yellow highlight | Location: 621
tremendous variance
Yellow highlight | Location: 622
Scott Althaus
Yellow highlight | Location: 624
15.6
Note:RISPOSTE ESATTO SU 18 DEI MGLIORI
Note:RISPOSTE ESATTO SU 18 DEI MGLIORI
Yellow highlight | Location: 624
2.5
Note:PEGGIORI
Note:PEGGIORI
Yellow highlight | Location: 627
a multiple-choice exam
Note:DI COSA PARLIAMO
Note:DI COSA PARLIAMO
Yellow highlight | Location: 641
not evenly spread among all demographic groups.
Note:DEMOGRAFIA
Note:DEMOGRAFIA
Yellow highlight | Location: 642
having a college degree,
Note:GIOVA
Note:GIOVA
Yellow highlight | Location: 643
the top half of income earners,
Note:GIOVA
Note:GIOVA
Yellow highlight | Location: 647
thirty-five and fifty-four,
Note:ETÀ DEI PIÙ INFORMATI
Note:ETÀ DEI PIÙ INFORMATI
Yellow highlight | Location: 647
black,
Note:DISINFORMATI
Note:DISINFORMATI
Yellow highlight | Location: 648
being female.
Note:DISINFORMAYE
Note:DISINFORMAYE
Yellow highlight | Location: 650
INFORMATION CHANGES POLICY PREFERENCES
Note:Ttttttttttttt
Note:Ttttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 653
Martin Gilens
Yellow highlight | Location: 655
invading Iraq in 2003.
Note:EVENTO TESTAT
Note:EVENTO TESTAT
Yellow highlight | Location: 656
torture, protectionism,
Note:ESEMPI DI POLITICHE APPOGGIATI DAGLI GNORANT
Note:ESEMPI DI POLITICHE APPOGGIATI DAGLI GNORANT
Yellow highlight | Location: 656
abortion rights
Yellow highlight | Location: 656
access to birth control.
Yellow highlight | Location: 656
less tolerant of homosexuals
Yellow highlight | Location: 662
favor overall less government intervention
Note:I PIÙ INFO
Note:I PIÙ INFO
Yellow highlight | Location: 663
free trade
Yellow highlight | Location: 664
pro-choice.
Yellow highlight | Location: 664
offset the deficit and debt.
Yellow highlight | Location: 664
less punitive and harsh measures on crime,
Yellow highlight | Location: 665
less hawkish on military policy,
Yellow highlight | Location: 665
accepting of affirmative action.
Yellow highlight | Location: 666
less supportive of prayer in public schools.
Yellow highlight | Location: 667
less moralistic in law;
Yellow highlight | Location: 669
WHY ISN’T EVERYONE IGNORANT?
Note:Ttttttttt
Note:Ttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 672
why some people are so well informed.
Note:IL VERO MISTERO
Note:IL VERO MISTERO
Yellow highlight | Location: 677
Hearing more and forgetting less:
Note:PRIMA RAGIONE... LA SCUOLA
Note:PRIMA RAGIONE... LA SCUOLA
Yellow highlight | Location: 680
A belief in a moral duty to be informed:
Note:RAGIONE ICA
Note:RAGIONE ICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 683
Belonging and social class:
Note:RAGIONE CONFORMISTA
Note:RAGIONE CONFORMISTA
Yellow highlight | Location: 693
Political geeks:
Note:MOMENTO LUDICO ESIBIZIONISTA
Note:MOMENTO LUDICO ESIBIZIONISTA
Yellow highlight | Location: 696
a nerd, a geek, an infovore.
Note:TIPI CHE ESISTONO
Note:TIPI CHE ESISTONO
Yellow highlight | Location: 703
an incentive to believe whatever their peers and friends believe about politics.
Note:EFFETTO PECORA
Note:EFFETTO PECORA
Yellow highlight | Location: 705
POLITICAL IRRATIONALITY
Note:Ttttttttttt
Note:Ttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 714
most citizens process political information in deeply biased, partisan, motivated ways
Note:UN FATTO ASSODATO DALLA PSICOLOGIA POLITICA
Note:UN FATTO ASSODATO DALLA PSICOLOGIA POLITICA
Yellow highlight | Location: 718
Milton Lodge and Charles Taber
Yellow highlight | Location: 721
Leonie Huddy, David Sears, and Jack Levy
Yellow highlight | Location: 724
human brain was designed more for winning arguments and forming coalitions than seeking truth.
Note:L INCONVENIENTE
Note:L INCONVENIENTE
Yellow highlight | Location: 725
Jonathan Haidt
Yellow highlight | Location: 727
Argumentative Theory
Note:SPERBER
Note:SPERBER
Yellow highlight | Location: 732
reasoning can be epistemically dangerous.
Note:RAGIONARE È XICOLOSO
Note:RAGIONARE È XICOLOSO
Yellow highlight | Location: 734
Psychologist Drew Westen
Yellow highlight | Location: 742
POLITICAL TRIBALISM
Note:Ttttttttttt
Note:Ttttttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 743
“intergroup bias.”
Note:LEALTÀ
Note:LEALTÀ
Yellow highlight | Location: 746
biased to forgive most transgressions from our own group
Note:SELFINDULGENT
Note:SELFINDULGENT
Yellow highlight | Location: 748
Henry Tajfel
Yellow highlight | Location: 757
Geoffrey Cohen
Yellow highlight | Location: 767
people are trying to be faithful
Yellow highlight | Location: 770
some people are political fans.55 Sports fans enjoy rooting for a team.
Note:MOLTI HANNO UNA VERA PASSIONE
Note:MOLTI HANNO UNA VERA PASSIONE
Yellow highlight | Location: 774
People tend to see themselves as being on team
Yellow highlight | Location: 778
almost all self-described independent voters are closet partisans;
Note:NO INDIP
Note:NO INDIP
Yellow highlight | Location: 780
Diana Mutz
Yellow highlight | Location: 780
political “fandom” is what motivates
Note:IL TIFO CI MOTIVA
Note:IL TIFO CI MOTIVA
Yellow highlight | Location: 785
“cross-cutting political exposure”—exposure to contrary points of view, or talking to people who disagree—strongly decreases the likelihood that a person will vote,
Note:ASCOLTARE CON ATTENZIONE TUTTI CI DEMOTIVA
Note:ASCOLTARE CON ATTENZIONE TUTTI CI DEMOTIVA
Yellow highlight | Location: 790
consider how beliefs about certain political issues tend to be clustered together,
Note:IL TRIBALISMO CONNETTE ANCHE QUESTIONI DISTINTE
Note:IL TRIBALISMO CONNETTE ANCHE QUESTIONI DISTINTE
Yellow highlight | Location: 791
gun control, global warming,
Note:ES
Note:ES
Yellow highlight | Location: 792
minimum wage, gay marriage,
Yellow highlight | Location: 793
I can predict with a high degree of reliability what your stance
Note:SE CONOSCO UNA COSA CONOSCO ANCHE L ALTRA
Note:SE CONOSCO UNA COSA CONOSCO ANCHE L ALTRA
Yellow highlight | Location: 794
The issues are logically unrelated.
Yellow highlight | Location: 795
pro-choice,
Yellow highlight | Location: 795
pro-gun
Yellow highlight | Location: 802
Democrats’ beliefs are all true,
Note | Location: 802
L OPINIONE DEI DEMOCRAT
Yellow highlight | Location: 804
why then would Republicans hold the opposite set
Note:RESTA UN DUBBIO
Note:RESTA UN DUBBIO
Yellow highlight | Location: 806
Republicans would tend to have randomly distributed
Note:SE VANNO ALLA CIECA
Note:SE VANNO ALLA CIECA
Yellow highlight | Location: 821
OTHER EXAMPLES OF COGNITIVE BIAS IN POLITICS
Note:Tttttt
Note:Tttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 822
Confirmation bias and disconfirmation bias: We tend to accept evidence that supports our preexisting
Note:CONFEEME
Note:CONFEEME
Yellow highlight | Location: 831
Dan Kahan
Yellow highlight | Location: 851
Availability bias:
Note:DISPONIBILITÀ
Note:DISPONIBILITÀ
Yellow highlight | Location: 857
The problem here is that we are terrible at estimating probabilities.
Note:PROB
Note:PROB
Yellow highlight | Location: 873
Affective contagion and prior attitude effect:
Note:ALTRO BIAS
Note:ALTRO BIAS
Yellow highlight | Location: 880
Framing effects:
Note:BIAS
Note:BIAS
Yellow highlight | Location: 895
Peer pressure and authority:
Note:BIAS
Note:BIAS
Yellow highlight | Location: 916
WHY POLITICAL IRRATIONALITY IS RATIONAL
Note:Ttttttt
Note:Ttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 941
AT LEAST VOTERS MEAN WELL, SORT OF
Note:Ttttttt
Note:Ttttttt
Yellow highlight | Location: 942
They overwhelmingly conclude that voters do not vote selfishly.
Note:NO EGO
Note:NO EGO
Yellow highlight | Location: 952
Voters generally want to promote the common good
BENE COMUNE
BENE COMUNE
LA SEGNALAZIONE DEL CONFORMISMO
1. I datori di lavoro preferiscono assumere persone conformiste (obbedienti, poco polemiche e capaci di applicarsi senza tante domande là dove viene loro richiesto).
2. Un livello elevato di istruzione segnala un livello elevato di conformismo poiché lo studente diligente si è applicato per anni accettando senza fiatare le dure condizioni poste da terzi e i loro giudizi sul suo lavoro.
3. Tentare delle vie alternative, ovvero segnalare il proprio conformismo con mezzi non convenzionali, finisce per sortire l'effetto opposto. L'originalità non paga sul mercato del lavoro.
#Amazon
#Amazon
Da spaventosi a spaventati
Un tempo erano gli artisti a spaventare i borghesi ("épater le bourgeoise"), oggi da spaventosi sono diventati spaventati, sono loro a indignarsi di continuo, a scandalizzarsi, a presentarsi come vittime, a rivendicare un "safe place" che li garantisca da ogni trauma dovuto alle aspre critiche...
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#Amazon
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