3—Overcoming disagreement
Note:3@@@@@@@@
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The overwhelming benefits of economic growth help us resolve clashing preferences,
Note:TESI...RICCHEZZA E TOLLERANZA
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Arrow’s impossibility theorem makes it impossible to resolve clashes of preference.
Note:X MOLTI STUDIOSI
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But once we consider happiness and well-being as relevant features for comparing one choice to another, Arrow’s impossibility theorem does not hold.
Note:MA ECVO COASE
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Once a richer information set is introduced, the standard impossibility theorems fade away,
Note:CON IL DENARO LA CARDINALITÀ PRENDE IL POSTO DELL ORDINALITÀ...X QS IL GENIALE TEOREMA È POCO CONSIDERATO
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never a big problem in the real world
Note:L IMPOSSIBILITÀ RESTA SOLO IN CASI LIMITE
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Preferences as expressed in the marketplace often appear irrational, intransitive, spiteful, or otherwise morally dubious, as evidenced by a wide range of vices, from cravings for refined sugar to pornography
Note:IL DESIDERIO È UN BUON BUONA NDICATORE DEL BENE?
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in many cases it seems obvious that satisfying preferences does not make people happier
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Focusing on the long-term benefits of growth sidesteps such dilemmas.
Note:X FORTUNA
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A fast-food cheeseburger is not actually worth $4.89, considering its potential impact on my future health.
Note:ESEMPIO
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Yet at the same time, living in a much wealthier society—even one rife with fast food—is still good for most people, including good for their health.
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life expectancy is still rising with wealth.
Note:ANCHE SE SONO TUTTI TOTTI BESI
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comparisons become quite obvious after the passage of enough time.
Note:NEL LUNGO I VANTAGI SONO EVIDENTI
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To sum this all up, if we make a broad enough and long enough comparison, we will find that for a lot of choices the aggregation problems are not all that serious, at least not cripplingly so.
Note:RIASSUNTO
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The Principle of Growth
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the East Asian economic miracles, which includes Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and China
Note:LA CRESCITA COME VALORE...UN CASO N AMBIGUO
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The Principle of Growth Plus Rights:
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Inviolable human rights,
Note:UN LIMITE ALLE POLITICHE DI CRESCITA
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a narrowly utilitarian approach.
Note:RESPINTO
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Philosopher Robert Nozick wrote of rights as “side constraints.”
Note:L SPIRATORE...IL VINCOLO
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these side constraints need not coincide with Nozick’s libertarian vision,
Note:NON ASSOLUTIZZIAMO....TASSE E PROP...TUTTO DA CONCILIARE CON LA CRESCITA
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virtually everyone believes in rights of some sort,
Note:INUTILE MASCHERARE
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notions of “positive rights” or “positive liberties”—both
Note:INCOMPATIBILI CON I DIRITTI CHE HO IN MENTE
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positive liberties is important, but it is already covered by the imperative to maximize sustainable growth.
Note:PRECISAZIONE....NN CONTEGGIAMO DUE VOLTE
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various forms of murder, torture, and abuse.
Note:COSA HO IN MENTE
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we should violate rights to prevent extremely negative outcomes
Note:ECCEZIONE
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end of the world,
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postulated rights are not quite absolute,
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Aren’t there other exceptions to the rules?
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let’s consider one of Derek Parfit’s “Mistakes in Moral Mathematics.”
Note:ACROSTICO
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if a firing squad of six shooters kills an innocent person, all of them firing accurately at his heart, can we say that any one of the shooters is a murderer? After all, the “marginal product”
Note:TUTTI SPARANO ALLA STESSA XSONA
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Does it matter whose bullet arrived first?
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both human rights deontology and a rule consequentialist approach point us in the right direction,
Note:DIRITTI E DETERRENZA...SOLUZIONE UNIVOCA
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more murders would be carried out by large groups so that no single individual would be liable.
Note:ANCHE IL CONSEGUENZIALISMO SI ACCORDA CON I DIRITTI
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Maybe a single act of corruption has no harmful effects,
Note:ESEMPI PIÙ REALISTICI
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Numerous violations of the rule or law may seem harmless enough,
Note:VALANGA E PALLE DI NEVE
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Once we move beyond absolute human rights and work toward a Crusonia plant (in this case, sustainable economic growth), most of the remaining morality will be practical in nature,
Note:PRAGMATISMO
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If the time horizon is sufficiently long, the only non-growth–related values that will bind practical decisions are the absolute side constraints, or the inviolable human rights.
Note:CONCLUSIONE
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the dual ideals of prosperity and liberty will be central to ethics.
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“Growth and Human Rights.”
Note:LA FORMULA
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“potential compensation” principle
X SUPERARE ARROW
