HL 1. Imperial Chinese Law

1. Imperial Chinese Law
Note:1@@@@@@@@@@

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2000 years ago
Note:QUANDO

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Legalist and Confucian.
Note:DUE VISIONI IN CONFLITTO....GENERATORE

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using the rational self-interest of those subject to law
Note:LA LEVA LEGALISTA 1

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harsh penalties to drive the crime rate to near zero.
Note:ESEMPIO

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strong central government
Note:ANCORA LEGALISTI 2

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equal treatment under
Note:1

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modifying behavior not by reward and punishment but by teaching virtue.
Note:PROGETTO CONFUCIANO

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unequal treatment based both on the unequal status
Note:2

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resolved in favor of the Legalists in 221 B.C.
Note:L ESITO DEL CONFLITTO

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kingdom of Qin defeated all rivals,
Note:QIN...PRIMA DINAATIA IMPERIALE

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succeeded by the Han dynasty, whose legal system was nominally Confucian but in practice a hybrid
Note:I SUCCESSORI

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penalty for an offense depended on the status of the offender,
Note:ESEMPIO

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conflict between 18th and 19th century British approaches
Note:ANALOGIA...700 UTILITARISTA

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criminals as victims of their own ignorance
Note:CONFICIANI...E 800 BRITANNICO

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terms such as “reformatory” and “penitentiary”
Note:CONCETTI CONFUCIANI...RIFARE GLI UOMINI SBAGLIATI

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Law in Imperial China by Derk Bodde and Clarence Morris,
Note:LA FONTE DA CUI TRAGGO....FUOCO SUI QING DA 7 AL 20

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The Law Code
Note:tttttttttttttttttt

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statutes proclaimed by Emperors
Note:FONTE DELLA LEGGE...TRADIZIONE VENERATA

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Imperial decrees
Note:FONTE 1 CHE ESPANDE LA TRADIZ

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precedents set by officials at a high level,
Note:F2

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official commentary
Note:F3

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unofficial commentary.
Note:F4

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ordinary people depended largely on government officials and their employees for information about legal rules.
Note:TUTTI ANALFABETI...TOP DOWN

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were not about whether the defendant was guilty—the
Note:DI COSA NN SI OCCUPA L APPELLO 1

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whether the lower court acted correctly
Note:NEMMENO....COME DA NOI

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what punishment was appropriate.
Note:PIUTTOSTO

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the proper punishment.
Note:LA PREOCCUPAZ DEI CODICI....LUNGHI ELENCHI...MA NN DELLE COSE PROIBITE

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documentary evidence,
Note:ALTRA STORIA X I TRIB BASSI

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the testimony of witnesses.
Note:ALTRO ELEMENTO

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Punishing Offenses
Note:Ttttttttttttt

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Neither imprisonment nor fines
Note:PENE TRASCURATE

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wear the cangue,
Note:PIUTTOSTO...GOGNA...ScCOPO UMILIAZIONE

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various numbers of blows by the light or heavy bamboo,
Note:ALTRA PENA

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penal servitude or life exile,
Note:ALTRA PENA

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capital sentences.
Note:IN CASI ESTREMI

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A sentence to fifty blows of the light bamboo in fact meant twenty,
Note:STRANEZZE...ANCHE LA CONDANNA A MORTE NN ERA MAI A MORTE

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commuted to penal servitude,
Note:MOLTI CONDANNATI

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A convict found to be an only son who needed to remain at home to care for his parents
Note:ESEMPIO DI COMMUTAZIONE

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a rational approach to problems created by the attempt to fully specify the punishment for every offense, permitting the high level bureaucracy to adjust sentences on the basis of considerations not included in the statutes.
Note:INTERPRETAZIONE DI QS PRATICHE

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Strangulation
Note:TRE PENE CAPITALI 1

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decapitation
Note:2

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slicing
Note:3

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the process of redemption.
Note:ALTRA FORMA X DISCONNETTERE PENA EFFETTIVA E NOMINALE

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substitute a money payment for the penalty
Note:ESEMPIO

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cosmic balance required the payment of a life for a life,
Note:GIUSTIFICAZIONE

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If several people were jointly responsible for a murder and one of them sentenced to death, his sentence could be commuted to something non-capital if one of the other offenders happened to die while the legal process
Note:ALTRA SYRANEZZA GIUSTIFICATA CON IL COSMICO BILANCIAMENTO

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executions could only occur at certain times of the year,
Note:ALTRA STRANEZZA

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One can interpret nominally capital sentences as reflecting the needs of cosmic balance,
Note:IL BC NELL INTERPRET DELLA PENA CAPITALE

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punishment becoming less severe over time in a system with barriers to explicit change.
Note:ALTRA ALTRI INTERPRET

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as a way of frightening potential criminals16 and so deterring them while preserving convicts to serve as state slaves.
Note:ALTRA INTERPRET

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In this and other cases, intent was not required for criminal liability; the verdict was based on outcome, not motivation.
Note:CASI DI RESP OGGETTIVA...VIOLAZIONI RELIGIOSE... QUEL TALE CHE ENTRA NEL TEMPIO CON LA PORTANTINA X LA PIOGGIA

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Filling in the Blanks
Note:Tttttttttttt

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Gaps could be filled
Note:NN TUTTO PUÓ ESSERE REGOLATO....ANCHE SE I CODICI ERANO ENORMI

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verdicts taking a form such as “the offense is similar to XYZ,
Note:ANALOGIE

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The underlying assumption was that people ought to know right from wrong without the assistance of the legal code,
Note:COME AVREBBE SENTENZIATO IL RE SE IL CASO GLI FOSSE SOTTOPOSTO?

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cases where the punishment prescribed by the code is clearly too harsh
Note:UN PROBLEMA

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offense fits the letter but not the spirit of the law.
Note:OVVERO

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killing that, according to the law, required capital punishment but was due to an accident involving no fault
Note:ESEMPIO

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find the offender guilty of a capital offense but permit the penalty to be commuted
Note:SOLUZIONE

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The Structure of Authority
Note:Tttttttttttttt

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the district magistrate.
Note:FIGURA CHIAVE...80000 250000 ABITANTI

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examination for the civil service
Note:SELEZIONE

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convert the empire, in theory a centralized bureaucracy, into a de facto feudal system,
Note:IL RISCHIO DI DARE TROPPO POTERE A QS SOGGETTI

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forbidding a magistrate from being assigned to any district within his home
Note:ANTIDOTI

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shifting magistrates from district to district every few years, and forbidding a magistrate from marrying a woman from
Note:ANTIDOTI 2 3

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appoint the surviving members of the defeated dynasty as local rulers in some distant part of the empire.
Note:DOPO UNA CONQ....ERA UN INCENTIVO A RESISTERE MENO...PRATICA OTTOMANA

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the censorate,
Note:DIPARTIMENTO DEDICATO A XSEGUIRE I MAGISTRATI DISONESTI

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The Examination System: A Puzzle
Note:Tttttttttttttttt

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ferociously competitive exams.
Note:IL CONCORSO

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a pass rate of about one percent.
Note:IL SECONDO LIVELLO OGNI TRE ANNI..CE N ERANO TRE

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The metropolitan exam produced 200 to 300 degrees from as many as 8000 candidates
Note:3 LIVELLO

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The exams did not test administrative ability, knowledge of the law, expertise in solving crimes or other skills
Note:UN ESAME DISCONNESSO DAI COMPITI FITURI

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dissertations on the classics,
Note:PROVE DEL METROPOLITANO....FILOSOFIA E LETTERATURA CONFUCIANA

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verse composition,
Note:PROVA 2

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ability to write formal administrative statements
Note:TERZA

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fluent calligraphy,
Note:QUARTA

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Why require the ablest men in the society to spend an extended period of time, often decades, studying to pass the exams instead of applying their skills
Note:SI ARRIVAVA OLTRE I TRENTA

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exams were the equivalent of IQ tests,
Note:UNA POSSIBILE RISPOSTA

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it is hard to believe that there was no less costly way of doing so
Note:OBIEZIONE

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the desire to do a good job—instead
Note:FORSE SI VUOLE INDAGARE LA VOGLIA...MISURA ANTICORRUZIONE

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One might interpret the examination system as a massive exercise in indoctrination,
Note:INSTILLARE AMORE X UN SET DI CREDENZE A CUI LEGARSI X LA VITA

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how to get people to do good instead of evil.
Note:IL NUCLEO DELLO SCONTRO CONFUCIANI LEGALISTI

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Legalist solution was incentives,
Note:LA SOLUZIONE LEGALISTA

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The Confucian solution was education and example,
Note:SOLUZIONE CONFUCIANA

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it made some sense to set up a system designed to produce good men,
Note:IL SISTEMA SEMBREREBBE CONFUCIANO

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They were subject to detailed rules mandating and evaluating their performance,
Note:MA IL TRATTAMENTO DEI BUROCRATI IN SERVIZIO È INCOMPATIBILE CON IL CONFUCIANESIMO

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Alive and Well
Note:Tttttttttttttttttt

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Some of what a college student studies and is tested on may be relevant to the job he applies for but much of it, in the case of many jobs most of it, is not.
Note:DA NOI LA SIT È SIMILE

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American history, Shakespeare, or geometry
Note:ESEMPIO

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human capital theory, the idea that a college education teaches useful things.
Note:LA TEORIA ORTODOSSA

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many students memorize as much as they need to pass the final exam and forget most of it
Note:PROBLEMA

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A second theory is signaling.
Note:SECONDA TEORIA

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smart enough and hardworking enough, sufficiently obedient to the demands of his professors,
Note:OGGETTO DEL SEGNALE

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there should be much less expensive ways of generating the same evidence.
Note:PROB TEORIA 2

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That leaves us with a final theory: indoctrination.
Note:TERZA TEORIA

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the sort of person who has read Shakespeare,
Note:L UOMO CIVILE

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Why employers would want those characteristics, however, is less clear
Note:PROB CON TEORIA 3

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Chinese emperor would want subordinates indoctrinated in Confucian philosophy.
Note:NEL NS CASO TUTTO È PIÙ CHIARO

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Appeals and Accusations
Note:Tttttttttttttttttt

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could be appealed to the provincial governor.
Note:LA CONDANNA DISTRETTUALE ALLE BASTONATE

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sentence of penal servitude
Note:TERZO APPELLO FINO A PECHINO

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The appellant was subject to punishment
Note:TALIONE

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The defendant, a physician whose incorrect treatment had resulted in the death of his patient, was sentenced to strangulation after the assizes, a sentence then commuted to a payment of 12.45 ounces of silver.37 The accuser, the father of the victim, was sentenced to a hundred blows of the heavy bamboo for having “embellished the facts” in his accusation.
Note:ESEMPIO DI UN APPELLO

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The State and the Family: Subcontracting Enforcement
Note:Ttttttttttttt

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consequences depended in part on the status of the parties,
Note:NN TUTTI UGUALI

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All relatives were classified as senior or junior to each other.
Note:L ETÀ PESA MENA DELLA POSIZIONE SULL ALBERO

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an uncle was senior to his nephew even if the nephew was older.
Note:Ttttttttt

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For an offense committed by a junior relative against a senior relative, penalties were increased;
Note:ESEMPIO DI PRIVILEGI

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It was a criminal offense for a child to accuse his parent of a crime even if the parent was guilty,
Note:ONORA IL PADRE E LA MADRE...CINA IMERIALE ######COSE IMPARATE OGGI

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“If a son did report his father’s crime to the authorities, he would receive the same punishment as his father
Note:ESEMPIO

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a small bureaucracy of elite scholar-officials to rule a population of about four hundred million.
Note:IN QS CONDIZIONI OGNI CAPOFAMIGLIA È QUASI UN PUBBLICO UFFICIALE...ECCO XCHÈ TANTI PRIVILEGI

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At some periods a father could get official approval to kill a disobedient son.
Note:IL BAMBINO DISOBBEDIENTE

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a husband who killed his wife because she had struck or reviled his parents received only 100 blows of the heavy bamboo.
Note:PENA ESEMPLARE :-/ #########

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An inferior was expected to obey orders from a superior to commit an illegal act but might still be liable for committing it,
Note:SITUAZIONE IMBARAZZANTE

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Practitioners, “litigation sticks,” were viewed as troublemakers out to stir up unnecessary conflict.
Note:AVVOCATI COME I CARABINIERI...MOTIVO...SCORAGGIARE IL RICORSO AI TRIBUNALI ##########

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making involvement with the legal system unpleasant for all concerned.
Note:UN UNIVERSITÀ DO X SCORAGGIARE IL RICORSO ALLA GIUSTIZ

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legal to torture witnesses
Note:ESEMPIO

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Participants in the legal process were expected to act as humble petitioners, recognizing the vastly superior
Note:STATUS ATTESO

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appear in court was considered by the people at large as a terrible misfortune,
Note:NESSUNA MERAVIGLIA

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referring the case to one of the age-old organs of private justice, for example the council of the family—or
Note:SOLUZIONI ALTERNATIVE

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The fees paid to yamen runners [criminal catchers] might bankrupt plaintiff as well as defendant.
Note:TUTTO COSTOSISSIMO

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accuser was subject to the penalty that would have been imposed on the accused if found guilty, a risk that might be avoided by making the accusation anonymously.
Note:ACCUSE ANONIME

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For an official to act on an anonymous accusation was a criminal offense,
Note:RIMEDIO

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for an individual to submit an anonymous accusation a capital offense.
Note:RIMEDIO 2

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Between Civil and Criminal
Note:Ttttttttttttttttt

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differed only slightly from those used in criminal cases.
Note:LA PROCEDURA CIVILE

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no procedure by which a wronged party could bring suit.
Note:PANCRIMINALIZZAZIONE DEL SISTEMA CINESE

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the legal system was viewed by the Confucian elite
Note:SOLUZIONE CHE RIFLETTE BENE LA VISIONE CONFU

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a considerable degree civil in substance when dealing with what it considered minor matters: land, debt, marriage and inheritance.
Note:DI FATTO

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A debtor who failed to agree to pay could be punished.
Note:RISARCIMENTO E PENA NEI FATTI

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The parties did not, as in a modern civil case, have the right to end it by an out-of-court settlement. They could, however, humbly request the magistrate to cancel the hearing.
Note:PENALE NELLA FORMA MA...

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informal mediation not involving the court
Note:DI FATTO METODO MASSICCIAMENTE IMPIEGATO

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when, early in the twentieth century, the final dynasty was replaced by the Chinese Republic.
Note:TUTTO RIMASE INVARIATO SENONCHÈ LA CORTE SUPREMA COMINCIÓ A TRATTARE IL CIVILE COME IN OCCIDENTE

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Like a modern American court judging a tort case, the Supreme Court was providing justice only between the parties.
Note:NELLA REPUBBLICA

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An Imperial magistrate dealing with a sufficiently tangled property dispute might resolve it by awarding ownership to neither party, converting the land to state property
Note:SOLUZIONE POSSIBILE NELLa PANCRIMINALIZZAZIONE

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Contract Without Law
Note:Tttttttttttttttttt

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China ceded the island of Taiwan to Japan.
Note:1895

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maintain the existing legal system.
Note:LA NOBILE INTENZIONE...

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the combination of elaborate contractual practice with an almost total absence of contract law,
Note:UNA CARATTERISTICA

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settling contract disputes within family, clan or guild.
Note:ARBITRI

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development of private courts at the major trade fairs, run by merchants and relying heavily on reputational enforcement.
Note:PROBLEMA ANALOGO NEL MEDIOEVO...LA NS SOLUZIONE

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It was a criminal offense to fill their role without government authorization.
Note:L ARBITRO PRIVATO È XSEGUITO IN CINA

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retain a firm’s reputation,
Note:L UNICO STRUMENTO DI ENFORCEMENT

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a system of rules designed to minimize the reliance on courts
Note:CLAUSOLE CONTRATTUALI

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One example was the rule we call caveat emptor.
Note:ESEMPIO

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no recourse if they turned out to be defective.
Note:Ccccccccccccf

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linkage between possession, ownership, and responsibility.
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO

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Goods in my warehouse were mine

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A buyer who breached forfeited his deposit,
Note:MOLTE PRECAUZIONI....DEPOSITI E REPUTAZIONE

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Important elements in making the system work were the existence of a system of written forms using standard boilerplate terminology understood by the parties
Note:CODICI PRIVATI

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Chinese merchants more than a century ago succeeded in maintaining a sophisticated system of contracts with little use of state enforcement.
UN MIRACOLO CHE VA OLTRE LA LEX MERCATORIA.....FUNZIONA ANCHE SENZA ARBITRI...SOLO CON DEPOSITI E

SCONTI O BONUS?

SCONTI O BONUS?
Vuoi svendere? Affidati ai bonus (tipo il 3x2), funzionano meglio dei saldi.
Perché? Forse perché i clienti hanno problemi con le percentuali.
Finché si ragiona sui numeri assoluti tutto è facile: 50 è maggiore di 33, non ci piove. Ma con le percentuali è diverso: 50% puo’ essere minore o uguale a 33%!
Esempio: ammettiamo che un fustino costi 50 euro: un 3x2 comporta un bonus del 50% (tre fustini costano 100 euro anziché 150). Se lavoro con i saldi l’equivalente è uno sconto del 33% (in questo modo chi acquista 3 fustini spende sempre 100 euro).
Domanda: preferisci un bonus del 50% o uno sconto del 33%? Le due cose, lo abbiamo appena visto sono equivalenti. Ma il cliente…

https://kenthendricks.com/discounts-vs-bonuses/

PENE ESEMPLARI (cose imparate oggi in treno)

PENE ESEMPLARI (cose imparate oggi in treno)

Nella Cina Imperiale il marito che uccideva la moglie colpevole di "vituperio contro la suocera" la pagava cara: 100 vergate con il bambù "pesante".

Uno dice... " sì ma il tutto era commutabile in una multa". Ho capito però, voglio dire, si tratta pur sempre di "bambù pesante".

HL Eleven THE FRANCIS LEGACY

Eleven THE FRANCIS LEGACY
Note:11@@@@@@@@@@@@

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The Vicar of Christ,
Note:UN LIBRO DED 1979

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assassinated when he launches a crusade for pacifism,
Note:FILM SU FRANCESCO

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White Smoke,

Note | Page: 183

ALTRO RACCONTO

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the idea of a liberal pope who sets out to bring sweeping change to Catholicism has long been tinder for artistic imaginations.
Note:UNA FISSA RICORRENTE

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The Vatican,
Note:UNA SERIE

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The Young Pope was something else.
Note:SORRENTINO

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Francis’s successor could well be a reactionary.
Note:LA PREVISIONE DI MOLTI

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cynic, saint, and supervillain.
Note:IL COCKTAIL

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the liturgy will no longer be a social engagement,”
Note:IL SUO MOTTO

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the church will not accommodate to the world,
Note:IL PIANO

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the old-time form of Catholic faith is more fascinating,
Note:L INSINUAZIONE

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young, conservative-leaning Catholics with social media accounts.
Note:I FAN DELLA SERIE

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the young as a liberal vanguard and the older generation hunkered in resistance.
Note:IL PREGIUDIZIO SFATATO DALLA SERIE

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Pope Francis and his progressive allies belong to an older generation
Note:IN FONDO ########

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Lenny Belardo’s
Note:LA NUOVA GENERAZIONE

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real pope’s more conservative opponents were abruptly ushered off the Roman stage.
Note:MA PLA VECCHIA GIARDIA SI DIFENDE

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Cardinal George Pell,
Note:IL PRIMO FATO FUORI....PROCESSI AL SUO PAESE

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Gerhard Müller from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Note:ALTRO FUORIUSCITO...SI È DI FATTO OPPOSTO A AMRE E LETIZIA

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(He would later write an introduction for a book by Rocco Buttiglione, the John Paul II confidant who argued for continuity between Francis and his predecessor.)
Note:ALLA RICERCA DI UNA CONTINUITÀ INESISTENTE

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he was ushered into retirement,
Note:NNOSTANTE LA GIOVANE ETÀ E PLA CONSUETUDINE AL RINNOVO

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Francis “did not give a reason,”
Note:IL LAMENTO

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Francis blamed him for the dubia
Note:IL GOSSIP

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Benedict, still very much alive, sent a personal eulogy to be read aloud at Meisner’s funeral.
Note:ONORI A UN FIRMATARIO DEI DUBIA

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pope’s allies speculated on who had really written it (presuming that Benedict was senile and malleable);
Note:LA REAZIONE PRO FRANCIS

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In this last period of his life, he learned to let go and to live out of a deep conviction that the Lord does not abandon His Church
Note:LA RASSEGNAZIONE DI BENNY

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watched his successor set about dismantling his legacy.
Note:LO SPETTACOLO VISTO DA BENNY

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patience, trust, and prayer.
Note:IL VERO MESSAGGIO CHE B DÀ AI CRITICI DI F

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taking small step after small step to instantiate a liberal reading of Amoris,

Note | Page: 188

LA STRATEGIA DI F DOPO LA SCONFITTA AL SINODO

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“private” letter endorsing the Argentine bishops’ cautious opening to the communion for the remarried
Note:UN ESEMPIO DI STRATEGIA AMVIGUA ATTUATA DOPO LA MORTE DI DUE CARD DEI DUBIA

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(A group of traditionalist theologians and clergy did issue a “filial correction” of Francis in early autumn of 2017,
Note:LA MOSSA DEI CONSERVATORI

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Francis was an old man but not obviously declining, and were he to reign for five more years, still more of his remaining critics in the College of Cardinals could be effectively retired,
Note:IL TEMPO DALLA SUA PARTE

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should he be succeeded by a similarly inclined successor—perhaps a liberal “young pope,” elected to confirm the Francis revolution—the
Note:IPTESI SUL FUTURO

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There is a historical irony here. It was conservative Catholics who backed the strongest possible understanding of papal authority—first
Note:IRONIA....ORA LA RESISTENZA SI FONDA SUL COLLEGIALISMO

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placing too much of a stress on the papacy’s importance as a guarantor of orthodoxy threatened to obscure the higher importance of, well, orthodoxy itself.
Note:UN VECCHIO DUBBIO DI NEWMAN

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The Francis era has made conservative overconfidence of the John Paul II era look foolish in hindsight.
Note:MA LA STORIA RISERVA SORPRESE....IL SUCCESSO DI F NN È SCONTATO

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“Francis effect” seems to be largely a media phenomenon,
Note:EFFIMERO

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rather than an actual revival of enthusiasm within the church.
Note:Cccccccccccc

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Mass attendance in the United States is flat
Note:SPOTTY EVIDENCE

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among younger Catholics religious observances have modestly dropped off.
Note:GIOVANI

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Record numbers of Italian Catholics took steps to disaffiliate from the church in 2015.
Note:ITALIA

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In Brazil the decline of Catholic numbers steepened in the Francis era,
Note:BRASILE

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Australia: What had been a gentle decline in Catholic identification under John Paul and Benedict has accelerated in the 2010s.
Note:AUSTRALIA

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seminary enrollment went down in each of the first few years of Francis’s pontificate, after seeing (small) annual increases up until 2011 under Benedict.
Note:SEMINARISTI NEL MONDO....

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These are short-term trends, and most of them cannot be plausibly blamed on the pope.
Note:PRUDENZA

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But they are evidence against the frequent suggestion from Francis’s admirers
Note:MA

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strong historical correlation between progressive theology and institutional decline,
Note:È UN DATO DI FATTO...CORRELAZIO O CAUSAZIO?

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this time things are different.
Note:L ONERE DELLA PROVA

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his sermons against rigidity and clericalism and ritualism so often cast younger priests in an unflattering light—as
Note:FRANCESCO SEMBRA CONSAPESVOLE DEL PERICOLO NUOVE GENERAZIONI

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His Vatican has been very eager to investigate and scrutinize growing traditionalist orders,
Note:LA PREDA

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Liberal Catholicism’s difficulty, now as forty years ago, is that it has the most appeal to Catholics with the loosest connections to the church, and its appeal weakens as the intensity of commitment increases.
Note:IL PUNTO DEBOLE DEI PROGRESSISTI

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induces men and women to give their lives in service to the faith.
Note:IL FALLIMENTO

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When you include both the Society of Saint Pius X and the traditionalist orders in full communion with the church, the number of French priests associated with the Latin Mass is growing steadily,
Note:ESEMPIO DELLA FRANCIA...I PRETI CALANO MA... #####

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will be more traditionalist (not merely John Paul II–esque conservative) French clergy in 2040 than priests in the diocesan clergy and other religious orders.

Note | Page: 192

IL TREND

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leading the French church to import priests from Africa—hundreds
Note:UN SERBATOIO DI CONSERVATORI

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Next, consider Africa itself,
Note:RESISTENZA AL PROGRESSISMO PROTESTANTE E ALLA TEOLOGIA TEDESCA

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When various African theologians and bishops showed up in Rome in early 2017 for a conference on the continent’s theology, the main organizer, Father Paulinus Odozor of Nigeria and the University of Notre Dame, preempted questions about the dubia with a two-step move.
Note:UN MONDO SILENTE...TRANNE SARAH...MA CHIARAMENTE CONSERVATORE

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“We settled that long ago. They can’t.”
Note:GLI AFRICANI SU AMORIS

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mass attendance is presently close to 70 percent; mass attendance in Europe in 20 percent,
Note:IL FUTURO?

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Africans may also experience a situation similar to ours. Then they might call us up to see how we dealt with it. To get some useful tips.”
Note:MA IL FUTURO È ecc STERIOSO

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“where orthodoxy is optional, orthodoxy will sooner or later be proscribed”
Note:JOHN NEUHAUS...UN ARMISTIZIO CONS LIB CON UN PAPA LIB ERODE LA POSIZIONE CONS

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criticism of Amoris Laetitia got the eminent Catholic philosopher Josef Seifert dismissed
Note:NNOSTANTE LE TANTE CHIACCHIERE SULLA MISERICORDIA

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an open letter critical of the pope got the eminent American theologian Father Thomas Weinandy dismissed
Note:ALTRO SEGATO

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“a toxic atmosphere of intimidation”18 around the remarriage-and-communion debates.
Note:COME È STATA CHIAMATAQS ATMOSFERA

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Once you have persuaded yourself that a given reform is what the Holy Spirit wants, the toleration of conservatives who want to fence or cage the Spirit is no virtue,
Note:MA SI SA....

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If a second marriage or a same-sex partnership (or, for that matter, a physician-assisted death or a biotechnology-assisted reproduction) isn’t really sinful but just sort-of not-ideal,
Note:DAL PECCATO AL NN SANTO

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if that younger cadre swings further to the theological right,
Note:IL LACITO DI FRANCESCO

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If the conservatism of John Paul and Benedict led only to Francis, perhaps it didn’t conserve enough;
Note:IL DUBBIO DELLA DESTRA CHE SI POLARIZZA######

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In an ideal world conservatives might take the Francis era as an opportunity to think harder about what development of doctrine allows and what it doesn’t,
Note:IN UN MONDO IDEALE

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it’s more likely to inspire a purely reactive sensibility, and with it the abandonment of any hope of a new center for the late-modern church.
Note:MA NN SIAMO IN UN MONDO IDEALE E FRANCESCO ISPIRA REAZIONE CIECA

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Francis could be induced to resign so as to be replaced by Cardinal Pietro Parolin, the present Vatican secretary of state
Note:IL COLPO VENTILATO DAI BUROCRATI DEL VATICANO PIÙ CHE DAI CONSERVATORI...UN MISTO DI PETTEGOLEZZO E FALSITÀ

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a mix of rumor and rubbish;
Note:LA VOCE

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Heresy might be tolerable, but schism is bad for business.
Note:QUELLI CHE TEMONO IN MOLTI

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more aggressive nationalisms
Note:MA F NN AGISCE NEL VUOTO...IL MONDO CAMBIA

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The younger left is reading Marx; the new right is dabbling in fascist and nationalist thinkers;
Note:NUOVE IDEE CORBYN ORBAN I POPULISMI

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In certain ways as the “people’s pope” Francis was a harbinger of this trend. His highly personalized style, his willingness to “make a mess” in the service of internal revolution, his insult-rich rhetoric, his impatience with circumspection, tradition, and taboo . . .
Note:L ARALDO DEI NUOVI TEMPI ######## IL TRUMP DELLA CHIESA...GAFFE E SCANDALO AL SERVIZIO DELLA RIVOLUZIONE...

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Rome under Francis is much like Washington under Trump—a paranoid and jumpy place,
Note:ROMA E WASHINGTON...F CON LA DOTTRINA UN PO COME TRUMP CON LA LEGGE

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The Vatican under Francis always seems to have time for secular and liberal and non-Catholic opinion, whether it’s organizing conferences that feature population control advocates or searching for common ground with pro-abortion politicians or sending the pope off to celebrate the Reformation’s anniversary in Sweden while sticking Martin Luther on its stamps. But the theological concerns of conservative Catholics are waved off as pharisaism,
Note:BARRA A SINISTRA...L ANTICATTOLICO

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instead of a fully Catholic alternative to right-wing nationalism the Vatican seems to be offering conservative Catholics only judgment on their shortcomings, their chauvinism, their anxieties and lack of charity toward all.

Note | Page: 203

LA DESTRA CATTOLICA NELLE BRACCIA DI SALVINI E QUELLI COME LUI...NELLA ROMA DI F X LORO NN C È POSTO

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wedding his economic populism instead to Kasperism and the moral theology
Note:IL MATRIMONIO INDIGERIBILE X I CATTOCONS

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easing the path to annulments
Note:SULLA COM AI DIVORZIATI PLA VIA GIUSTA ERA OVVIA A TUTTI....XCHÈ NN SI È SEGUITA? VOGLIA DI PROVOCARE E DICHIARARE GUERRA AI CONS ##########

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he had already found many ways to please progressives without having conservatives murmur about heresy and schism.
Note:Cccccccccc

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he always intended a kind of revolution, and the appearance of conservative-leaning moderation that enabled his election
Note:PRIMA IPOTESI

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Francis never had a programmatic vision in mind for church reform,
Note:ALTRA POSSIBILITÀ

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his irritation with legalisms, he did not understand the consequences of making the issue of remarriage and communion
Note:CON UN PO D ONCONSAPEVOLEZZA E CRISI DI NERVI

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for good or ill he will go down as one of the most significant popes of modern times.
Note:SIA COME SIA

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he will be remembered with Boniface VIII in the ranks of ambitious popes who overreached,
Note:SE DOVESSE FALLIRE

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Like Boniface after Celestine, Francis has pressed papal authority to its limits—theological this time, not temporal, but more dangerous for that.
Note:IL DIVISIVO

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choose a path that might have only two destinations—hero or heretic—is an act of great and dangerous presumption, even for a pope.
Note:I DUE ESITI ESTREMI

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As provincial he generated divided loyalties: some groups almost worshipped him, while others would have nothing to do with him, and he would hardly speak to them. It was an absurd situation. He is well-trained and very capable, but is surrounded by this personality cult which is extremely divisive. He has an aura of spirituality which he uses to obtain power. It will be a catastrophe for the Church to have someone like him in the Apostolic See. He left the Society of Jesus in Argentina destroyed with Jesuits divided and institutions destroyed and financially broken. We have spent two decades trying to fix the chaos that the man left us.
Note:COME BERGOGLIOK LASCIÒ LA COMPAGNIA DI JESÙ NELLA NATIVA ARGENTINA...PARLA UN COLLABORATORE

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Hagan lío! Francis likes to say. “Make a mess!” In that much he has succeeded.
IL MOTTO DO F