domenica 2 giugno 2019

HL God and Cosmology: The Existence of God in Light of Contemporary Cosmology william lane craig sean carroll

God and Cosmology: The Existence of God in Light of Contemporary Cosmology
william lane craig sean carroll
Citation (APA): carroll, w. l. c. s. (2019). God and Cosmology: The Existence of God in Light of Contemporary Cosmology [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com

Parte introduttiva
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 2
God and Cosmology: The Existence of God in Light of Contemporary Cosmology By william lane craig sean carroll•
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 24
Dr. Craig - Opening Speech
Nota - Posizione 24
Ttttttttttttt
Nota - Posizione 24
Ttttttttttttt
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 27
apparent conflict, genuine conflict, and concord.
Nota - Posizione 27
LE TRE RELAZIONI FEDE SCIENZA X PLANTINGA
Nota - Posizione 27
LE TRE RELAZIONI FEDE SCIENZA X PLANTINGA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 27
there does not exist even apparent conflict between contemporary cosmogonic theories and theism.
Nota - Posizione 28
TESI MINIMA CRAIG
Nota - Posizione 28
TESI MINIMA CRAIG
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 29
the evidence of contemporary cosmology actually renders God’s existence considerably more probable
Nota - Posizione 30
TESI DIFESA DIFESA OGGI
Nota - Posizione 30
TESI DIFESA DIFESA OGGI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 32
naïve claim that contemporary cosmology proves the existence of God. There is no God-of-the-gaps reasoning here.
Nota - Posizione 32
NN CADIAMI NELLA TRAPPOLA
Nota - Posizione 32
NN CADIAMI NELLA TRAPPOLA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 40
kalam cosmological
Nota - Posizione 40
ARGOMENTO 1
Nota - Posizione 40
ARGOMENTO 1
Nota - Posizione 41
ARGOMENTO 2
Nota - Posizione 41
ARGOMENTO 2
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 41
fine-tuning
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 42
1. If the universe began to exist, then there is a transcendent cause which brought the universe into existence. 2. The universe began to exist. 3. Therefore, there is a transcendent cause which brought the universe into existence.
Nota - Posizione 44
KALAM
Nota - Posizione 44
KALAM
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 47
the truly controversial premiss is (2).
Nota - Posizione 47
SIA CHIARO
Nota - Posizione 47
SIA CHIARO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 48
what’s emerged during the 20th century is remarkable empirical confirmation of the second premiss
Nota - Posizione 49
QUI STIAMO AI FATTI
Nota - Posizione 49
QUI STIAMO AI FATTI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 50
evidence from the expansion of the universe and evidence from the second law of thermodynamics.
Nota - Posizione 50
LE DUE EVIDENZE PIÙ PROBANTI.....TERMO: SE L UNIVERSO FOSSE INFINITO DALL INIZIO SAREBBE CAOTICO
Nota - Posizione 50
LE DUE EVIDENZE PIÙ PROBANTI.....TERMO: SE L UNIVERSO FOSSE INFINITO DALL INIZIO SAREBBE CAOTICO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 54
(2) is more plausible in light of the evidence
Nota - Posizione 55
QUI NN CI SONO CERTEZZE
Nota - Posizione 55
QUI NN CI SONO CERTEZZE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 55
Science isn't in the business of proving things.
Nota - Posizione 55
Cccccccccc
Nota - Posizione 55
Cccccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 56
simplicity, clarity, comprehensiveness, and fit to the data.
Nota - Posizione 56
COSA AGGIUDICA LA PALMA
Nota - Posizione 56
COSA AGGIUDICA LA PALMA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 58
you can always concoct elaborate schemes to explain away the evidence.
Nota - Posizione 59
QUINE....SEMPLICITÀ
Nota - Posizione 59
QUINE....SEMPLICITÀ
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 61
Lawrence Krauss,
Nota - Posizione 61
ES DI UN COSMOLOGO CHE CONCEDE UNA MAGGIORE PROB
Nota - Posizione 61
ES DI UN COSMOLOGO CHE CONCEDE UNA MAGGIORE PROB
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 62
Alexander Vilenkin
Nota - Posizione 62
ALTRO ES
Nota - Posizione 62
ALTRO ES
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 64
Evidence from the Expansion of the Universe
Nota - Posizione 64
Ttttttttttttt IL MODELLO CLASSICO PREVEDE UN INIZIO...MA COSA C ERA PRIMA? O IL NULLA O UNA REALTÀ QUANTICA ....ESTRANEA ALLO SPAZIO TEMPO CLASSICO... MA QS REALTÀ NN PUÒ ESSERE IMMAGINATA ETERNA POICHÈ INSTABILE CX NATURA
Nota - Posizione 64
Ttttttttttttt IL MODELLO CLASSICO PREVEDE UN INIZIO...MA COSA C ERA PRIMA? O IL NULLA O UNA REALTÀ QUANTICA ....ESTRANEA ALLO SPAZIO TEMPO CLASSICO... MA QS REALTÀ NN PUÒ ESSERE IMMAGINATA ETERNA POICHÈ INSTABILE CX NATURA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 65
The standard (Friedman-LeMaître Robertson-Walker) big bang cosmogonic model
Nota - Posizione 66
NN INFINIRO NEL PASSATO
Nota - Posizione 66
NN INFINIRO NEL PASSATO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 68
a parade of failed theories trying to avert the absolute beginning predicted by the standard model.
Nota - Posizione 69
JAMES SINCLAIR SULLA COSMOLOGIA DEL XX SECOLO
Nota - Posizione 69
JAMES SINCLAIR SULLA COSMOLOGIA DEL XX SECOLO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 71
In 2003 Arvind Borde, Alan Guth, and Alexander Vilenkin were able to show that any universe which is, on average, in a state of cosmic expansion throughout its history cannot be infinite in the past
Nota - Posizione 72
MATEMATICA
Nota - Posizione 72
MATEMATICA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 75
“All the evidence we have says that the universe had a beginning.”
Nota - Posizione 75
VILENKIN SUL MODELLO CARROLL
Nota - Posizione 75
VILENKIN SUL MODELLO CARROLL
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 76
space-time, under a single, very general condition, cannot be extended to past infinity but must reach a boundary
Nota - Posizione 77
TEOREMA....C È UN PRIMA DEL MODELLO CLASSICO...O DIO O UNA REALTÀ QUANTICA
Nota - Posizione 77
TEOREMA....C È UN PRIMA DEL MODELLO CLASSICO...O DIO O UNA REALTÀ QUANTICA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 81
But neither can it exist literally timelessly,
Nota - Posizione 81
MATERIA....IL TEMPO PURO
Nota - Posizione 81
MATERIA....IL TEMPO PURO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 85
it cannot be extended infinitely in time, for such a quantum state is not stable and so would either produce the universe from eternity past or not at all.
Nota - Posizione 86
MA ANCHE LA REALTÀ QUANTICA...SE MAI CI FOSSE...NN PUÒ ESSERE ETERNA.
Nota - Posizione 86
MA ANCHE LA REALTÀ QUANTICA...SE MAI CI FOSSE...NN PUÒ ESSERE ETERNA.
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 87
It is very difficult to devise a system– especially a quantum one– that does nothing ‘forever,’
Nota - Posizione 87
Cccccccccc
Nota - Posizione 87
Cccccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 87
A truly stationary or periodic quantum state, which would last forever, would never evolve,
Nota - Posizione 88
ALTAMENTE IMPROBABILE....DIREI IMPOSSIBILE
Nota - Posizione 88
ALTAMENTE IMPROBABILE....DIREI IMPOSSIBILE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 89
Hence, the quantum gravity era would itself have to have had a beginning in order to explain why it transitioned just some 13 billion years ago into classical time and space.
Nota - Posizione 90
OGNI STATO QUANTICO HA UN INIZIO
Nota - Posizione 90
OGNI STATO QUANTICO HA UN INIZIO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 91
Evidence from Thermodynamics
Nota - Posizione 91
Tttttttttttt
Nota - Posizione 91
Tttttttttttt
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 93
entropy in a closed system almost never decreases.
Nota - Posizione 93
SECONDA LEGGE
Nota - Posizione 93
SECONDA LEGGE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 93
universe is a closed system,
Nota - Posizione 93
ASUNTO NATURALISTICO
Nota - Posizione 93
ASUNTO NATURALISTICO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 94
given enough time, the universe will come to a state of thermodynamic heat death,
Nota - Posizione 94
IMPLICAZIONE
Nota - Posizione 94
IMPLICAZIONE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 96
why, if the universe has existed forever, is it not now in a cold, dark, dilute, and lifeless state?
Nota - Posizione 96
DOMANDA OVVIA
Nota - Posizione 96
DOMANDA OVVIA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 96
P. C. W. Davies
Nota - Posizione 96
OVVIO...L UNIVERSO NN ESISTE DA SEMPRE
Nota - Posizione 96
OVVIO...L UNIVERSO NN ESISTE DA SEMPRE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 99
He imagines that the overall condition of the universe is a state of thermal equilibrium
Nota - Posizione 100
SOLUZIONED CARROLL
Nota - Posizione 100
SOLUZIONED CARROLL
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 100
random fluctuations spawn baby universes, which pinch off to become wholly independent space-times.
Nota - Posizione 100
FLUTTUAZIONI
Nota - Posizione 100
FLUTTUAZIONI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 103
such a scenario violates the so-called unitarity of quantum theory by allowing irretrievable information loss from the mother universe to the babies.
Nota - Posizione 104
CRITICA
Nota - Posizione 104
CRITICA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 105
“There is no baby universe branching off, as I once thought. The information remains firmly in our universe.”
Nota - Posizione 105
AMMISSIONE DI HAWKINS
Nota - Posizione 105
AMMISSIONE DI HAWKINS
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 106
no convincing answer to the Boltzmann Brain problem.
Nota - Posizione 106
ALTRA CRITICA ALL IPOTESI CARROLL
Nota - Posizione 106
ALTRA CRITICA ALL IPOTESI CARROLL
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 107
there’s no explanation in the model why there exists a genuine low entropy universe around us rather than the mere appearance of such a world, an illusion of isolated brains which have fluctuated into existence
Nota - Posizione 109
OVVERO
Nota - Posizione 109
OVVERO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 111
a new singularity theorem formulated by Aron Wall
Nota - Posizione 111
ALTRO OSTACOLO
Nota - Posizione 111
ALTRO OSTACOLO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 112
the universe must have begun to exist, unless, as in Professor Carroll’s model, one postulates a reversal of the arrow of time at some point in the past,
Nota - Posizione 113
IL PROB DEL TEMPO E IL II PRINC....INUTILE E PRETESTUOSO VIOLENZA AL BUON SENSO
Nota - Posizione 113
IL PROB DEL TEMPO E IL II PRINC....INUTILE E PRETESTUOSO VIOLENZA AL BUON SENSO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 120
The Teleological Argument
Nota - Posizione 120
TttttttttttttFINE TUNING
Nota - Posizione 120
TttttttttttttFINE TUNING
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 121
intelligent, interactive life depends upon a complex and delicate balance of fundamental constants and quantities, like the gravitational constant and the amount of entropy in the early universe, which are fine-tuned to a degree that is literally incomprehensible.
Nota - Posizione 122
EMZIONE
Nota - Posizione 122
EMZIONE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 124
physical necessity, chance, or design.
Nota - Posizione 124
TRE POSSIBILI SPIEGHE
Nota - Posizione 124
TRE POSSIBILI SPIEGHE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 129
the constants and quantities are independent of the laws of nature.
Nota - Posizione 129
ESCLUSA LA PRIMA ALTEENATIVA
Nota - Posizione 129
ESCLUSA LA PRIMA ALTEENATIVA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 133
The problem with this alternative is that the odds against the universe’s being life-permitting are so incomprehensibly great that they cannot be reasonably faced.
Nota - Posizione 134
IL PROBLEMA CON IL CASO
Nota - Posizione 134
IL PROBLEMA CON IL CASO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 154
Dr. Carroll - Opening Speech
Nota - Posizione 154
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Nota - Posizione 154
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Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 159
If you go to cosmology conferences there’s a lot of talk about the origin and nature of the universe; there is no talk about what role God might have played in bringing the universe about. It is not an idea that is taken seriously.
Nota - Posizione 160
IL DIBATTITO ALTROVE
Nota - Posizione 160
IL DIBATTITO ALTROVE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 162
naturalism and theism.
Nota - Posizione 162
IL VERO SCONTRO
Nota - Posizione 162
IL VERO SCONTRO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 163
all that exists is one world, the natural world, obeying laws of nature, which science can help us discover.
Nota - Posizione 163
NATURALISMO
Nota - Posizione 163
NATURALISMO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 163
in addition to the natural world there is something else,
Nota - Posizione 164
TEISMO
Nota - Posizione 164
TEISMO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 165
First, naturalism works— it accounts for the data we see. Second, the evidence is against theism. Third, theism is not well defined.
Nota - Posizione 166
TESI
Nota - Posizione 166
TESI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 172
If the universe began to exist it has a transcendent cause.
Nota - Posizione 172
ASSUNTO CO NTESTATO
Nota - Posizione 172
ASSUNTO CO NTESTATO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 173
The real problem is that these are not the right vocabulary words to be using when we discuss fundamental physics and cosmology.
Nota - Posizione 174
IL PROBLEMA NN È NEANCHE LA FALSITÀ
Nota - Posizione 174
IL PROBLEMA NN È NEANCHE LA FALSITÀ
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 174
Aristotelian analysis of causation
Nota - Posizione 175
SUPERATA
Nota - Posizione 175
SUPERATA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 175
Our metaphysics must follow our physics.
Nota - Posizione 175
OGGI TUTTO È CAMBIATO
Nota - Posizione 175
OGGI TUTTO È CAMBIATO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 176
you will not find the words “transcendent cause”
Nota - Posizione 177
IN UN MANUALE DI FISICA
Nota - Posizione 177
IN UN MANUALE DI FISICA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 178
Given the world at one point in time we will tell you what happens next. There is no need for any extra metaphysical baggage, like transcendent causes,
Nota - Posizione 179
OGGI
Nota - Posizione 179
OGGI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 182
Can I build a model where the universe had a beginning but did not have a cause?
Nota - Posizione 182
LA DOMANDA DA FARSI
Nota - Posizione 182
LA DOMANDA DA FARSI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 183
Stephen Hawking and Jim Hartle presented the no-boundary quantum cosmology model.
Nota - Posizione 183
TIPO
Nota - Posizione 183
TIPO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 185
The demand for more than a complete and consistent model that fits the data is a relic of a pre-scientific view
Nota - Posizione 186
IL RELITTO
Nota - Posizione 186
IL RELITTO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 187
You might also ask, “Could the universe be eternal?” (since Dr. Craig talked about this) without having a beginning at all. Again, the answer is: yes, just build a model.
Nota - Posizione 188
ANCORA....
Nota - Posizione 188
ANCORA....
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 190
So whether or not the universe can be eternal does not come down to a conversation about abstract principles.
Nota - Posizione 191
CONTANO SOLO I MODELLI
Nota - Posizione 191
CONTANO SOLO I MODELLI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 234
I am by no means convinced that there is a fine-tuning problem and, again, Dr. Craig offered no evidence for it. It is certainly true that if you change the parameters of nature our local conditions that we observe around us would change by a lot. I grant that quickly. I do not grant therefore life could not exist.
Nota - Posizione 236
SUL FINE TUNING
Nota - Posizione 236
SUL FINE TUNING
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 236
What is the definition of life, for example?
Nota - Posizione 237
Ccccccccccc
Nota - Posizione 237
Ccccccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 252
there’s an obvious and easy naturalistic explanation in the form of the cosmological multiverse.
Nota - Posizione 253
L ALTERNATIVA
Nota - Posizione 253
L ALTERNATIVA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 253
It sounds extravagant. I claim the multiverse is amazingly simple.
Nota - Posizione 253
Cccccccc
Nota - Posizione 253
Cccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 265
I’m currently working on a paper that says, actually, Boltzmann Brains (random fluctuations) occur much, much less frequently than we previously believed.
Nota - Posizione 266
CONTRO I BOLTZ BHRAIN
Nota - Posizione 266
CONTRO I BOLTZ BHRAIN
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 272
if you played the game honestly, what you would say is, “Here is the universe that I expect to exist under theism.
Nota - Posizione 273
IL TEISMO È N ALTERNATIVA?
Nota - Posizione 273
IL TEISMO È N ALTERNATIVA?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 309
Dr. Craig - Rebuttal Speech
Nota - Posizione 309
@@@@@@@@§@
Nota - Posizione 309
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Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 314
He is very concerned to show that God’s existence is improbable relative to certain non-cosmological data. For example, the problem of evil, our insignificant size, and so forth.
Nota - Posizione 315
CARROLL ESCE DAL SEMINATO
Nota - Posizione 315
CARROLL ESCE DAL SEMINATO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 318
the question is: is God’s existence more probable given the data of contemporary cosmology than it would have been without it?
Nota - Posizione 319
IL PROB OGGI
Nota - Posizione 319
IL PROB OGGI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 320
The Kalam Cosmological Argument
Nota - Posizione 320
Ttttttt
Nota - Posizione 320
Ttttttt
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 322
The Causal Premise
Nota - Posizione 322
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Nota - Posizione 322
TTtttttt
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 324
You can adopt your favorite theory of causation or take causation to be a conceptual primitive. All it requires is that the universe did not pop into being uncaused out of absolutely nothing. If that is the price of non-theism, then I think the non-theist is welcome to it.
Nota - Posizione 325
ARISTOTELE DATATO?
Nota - Posizione 325
ARISTOTELE DATATO?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 326
there is nothing in the theory that would explain why that universe exists rather than not.
Nota - Posizione 327
HAWKING MODEL
Nota - Posizione 327
HAWKING MODEL
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 329
Evidence from the Expansion of the Universe
Nota - Posizione 329
Ttttttttttttttttt
Nota - Posizione 329
Ttttttttttttttttt
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 352
Dr. Carroll says you can have quantum descriptions of the universe that are eternal, and that is certainly true, but the question is: why would the universe transition to classical spacetime just 13 billion years ago? It could not have existed from infinity past in an unstable quantum state and then just 13 billion years ago transition to classical spacetime.
Nota - Posizione 354
RIPWTIAMO
Nota - Posizione 354
RIPWTIAMO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 356
Evidence from Thermodynamics
Nota - Posizione 356
Ttttttttt
Nota - Posizione 356
Ttttttttt
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 364
I also, secondly, pointed out that there is a Boltzmann Brain problem with respect to Dr. Carroll’s model. It seems to me that he just didn’t respond to the point that I was making, namely, that since every baby universe grows into a de Sitter space, there will be vastly, vastly more of these Boltzmann Brains in the long run than there will be ordinary observers. So what Dr. Carroll would need to do is to justify some non-standard measure of probability that would make ordinary observers more probable than Boltzmann Brains.
Nota - Posizione 368
LA NN RISPOSTA SU BOLTZMAN
Nota - Posizione 368
LA NN RISPOSTA SU BOLTZMAN
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 371
The Teleological Argument
Nota - Posizione 371
Ntttttt
Nota - Posizione 371
Ntttttt
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 373
Dr. Carroll expresses scepticism that the fine-tuning is real. But a good many, if not most, of his colleagues would simply disagree with him here.
Nota - Posizione 374
SEMPLICE DISSIDIO TRA PARI
Nota - Posizione 374
SEMPLICE DISSIDIO TRA PARI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 384
the entire multiverse will be dominated by universes having vastly more Boltzmann Brains than ordinary observers like us. [29] Therefore, the data on the multiverse hypothesis is incomprehensibly improbable.
Nota - Posizione 386
IL BOLTZMANN BRAIN DEPOTENZIA ANCHE L IPOTESI DEL MULTIVERSO
Nota - Posizione 386
IL BOLTZMANN BRAIN DEPOTENZIA ANCHE L IPOTESI DEL MULTIVERSO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 387
For why, he asks, did God make the entropy of the universe so unnecessarily low in order to create us?
Nota - Posizione 388
IL DUBBIO DI CARROLL
Nota - Posizione 388
IL DUBBIO DI CARROLL
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 388
First, it is no part of the fine-tuning argument to assert that the purpose for which the universe was created is us! There may well be intelligent life created by God scattered throughout the universe.
Nota - Posizione 390
PRIMA REPLICA
Nota - Posizione 390
PRIMA REPLICA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 390
even if a general low entropy condition is not necessary for our existence, it is necessary for the discoverability of the universe.
Nota - Posizione 391
SECONDA RISPOSTA
Nota - Posizione 391
SECONDA RISPOSTA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 392
make a world which is susceptible to rational exploration and discovery.
Nota - Posizione 392
UNA RICHIESTA DI SFORZO PARTECIPATIVO
Nota - Posizione 392
UNA RICHIESTA DI SFORZO PARTECIPATIVO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 400
Dr. Carroll - Rebuttal Speech
Nota - Posizione 400
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Nota - Posizione 400
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Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 405
I claim that a consistent, complete model that fits the data accounts for what we see in the world is a success.
Nota - Posizione 406
UN MODELLO DI SUCCESSO
Nota - Posizione 406
UN MODELLO DI SUCCESSO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 408
To look at a modern cosmological model and say, “Yes, but what was the cause?” is like looking at someone taking pictures with an iPhone and saying, “But where does the film go?” It’s not that the answer is difficult or inscrutable; it’s completely the wrong question to be asking.
Nota - Posizione 410
NONSENSE
Nota - Posizione 410
NONSENSE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 411
Why should we expect that there are causes or explanations or a reason why in the universe in which we live? It’s because the physical world inside of which we’re embedded has two important features. There are unbreakable patterns, laws of physics— things don’t just happen, they obey the laws— and there is an arrow of time
Nota - Posizione 413
QUANDO LA QIESTIONE DELLA CAUSA CONTA
Nota - Posizione 413
QUANDO LA QIESTIONE DELLA CAUSA CONTA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 415
But crucially, both of these features of the universe that allow us to speak the language of causes and effects are completely absent when we talk about the universe as a whole. We don’t think that our universe is part of a bigger ensemble that obeys laws.
Nota - Posizione 416
Ccccccccccfccf
Nota - Posizione 416
Ccccccccccfccf
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 418
nothing gives us the right to demand some kind of external cause.
Nota - Posizione 418
Cccccccfffff
Nota - Posizione 418
Cccccccfffff
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 478
Dr. Craig - Closing Speech
Nota - Posizione 478
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Nota - Posizione 478
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Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 487
The Kalam Cosmological Argument
Nota - Posizione 488
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Nota - Posizione 488
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Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 489
Dr. Carroll challenges the first premise, that if the universe came into existence, there is a transcendent cause that brought the universe into being. Honestly, I am quite astonished that he would think that the universe can literally pop into being out of nothing.
Nota - Posizione 490
DAL NULLA?
Nota - Posizione 490
DAL NULLA?
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 491
it seems to me a metaphysical first principle that being doesn’t come from non-being.
Nota - Posizione 492
NEGARE IL KALAM È ecc NCONCEPIBILE METAFISICAMENTE
Nota - Posizione 492
NEGARE IL KALAM È ecc NCONCEPIBILE METAFISICAMENTE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 494
if the universe could come into being from nothing, then why is it that only universes can pop into being out of nothing? Why not bicycles and Beethoven and root beer?
Nota - Posizione 495
SECONDO
Nota - Posizione 495
SECONDO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 497
all the empirical evidence we have supports the truth of the causal principle. When Dr. Carroll says, “The universe is different than our experience,” this is really committing what Alexander Pruss calls the taxi-cab fallacy, that is to say, you go with the causal principle until you reach your desired goal
Nota - Posizione 497
TERZO...TAXI CAB FALLACY
Nota - Posizione 497
TERZO...TAXI CAB FALLACY
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 502
Evidence from the Expansion of the Universe
Nota - Posizione 502
Tttttttttttt
Nota - Posizione 502
Tttttttttttt
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 536
Dr. Carroll - Closing Speech
Nota - Posizione 536
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Nota - Posizione 536
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Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 598
Q& A - Moderated Dialogue
Nota - Posizione 598
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Nota - Posizione 598
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Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 616
you said something like, “Look, if you have a fully explainable model, why do you keep looking for something else to add?” Okay? Now, my question is something like this: if you took as a metaphor for the universe, say, that we have a complete and entire physical explanation for the existence of the jet engine– you know, we can talk about internal combustion, all the things that go into making it and so forth– but does that complete knowledge mean that Frank Whittle didn't exist?
Nota - Posizione 619
DOMANDA A CARROLL
Nota - Posizione 619
DOMANDA A CARROLL
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 622
the answer is the universe is different than things inside the universe.
Nota - Posizione 623
RISPOSTA
Nota - Posizione 623
RISPOSTA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 623
in our everyday life it is perfectly correct to speak a language of causation and explanation and invention and creation,
Nota - Posizione 624
Ccccccc
Nota - Posizione 624
Ccccccc
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 627
It seems to me that that's just fantastic, to think that the universe could just come into being from non-being;
Nota - Posizione 627
CRAIG
Nota - Posizione 627
CRAIG
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 628
why only universes?
Nota - Posizione 628
Ccccccccccccf
Nota - Posizione 628
Ccccccccccccf
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 637
Dr. Craig: Yes, I would say that Thomas Aquinas' own metaphysical principles are highly dubious and in doubt, and that therefore I have little confidence that his arguments are, as he claimed, demonstrations.
Nota - Posizione 638
CRAIG E TOMMASO
Nota - Posizione 638
CRAIG E TOMMASO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 640
Aquinas said if the universe did began to exist, then clearly there had to be a cause of the beginning and of motion. But he thought you couldn’t prove with demonstrative certainty that the universe did begin to exist.
Nota - Posizione 641
TOMMASO E IL KALAM
Nota - Posizione 641
TOMMASO E IL KALAM
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 677
You're stating that the universe has a beginning, and then you evoke cause and effect, but cause and effect is a temporal concept. So if there is no time?
Nota - Posizione 678
TEMPO E CAUSA
Nota - Posizione 678
TEMPO E CAUSA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 681
Now, when you say that cause and effect are temporal concepts, what do you mean by that? Question 4: Well, that you have a cause has always precedes the effect. Dr. Craig: Ah, that's what I thought you might think! Yeah, I don't think that's at all true. Don't you think that causes and effects can be simultaneous?
Nota - Posizione 682
DUBBIO DI CRAIG
Nota - Posizione 682
DUBBIO DI CRAIG
Nota - Posizione 684
CAUSA E IMPLICAZIONE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 688
Dr. Craig: Okay, yes, I think that that's evident. So, what I would say is that God's creation of the universe is simultaneous with the universe’s coming into being.
Nota - Posizione 689
RISPOSTA
Nota - Posizione 689
RISPOSTA
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 690
my own studied view of God's relationship to time– which is a terribly interesting subject– is that God is timeless without creation and he is in time from the moment of creation on.
Nota - Posizione 691
DIO E IL TEMPO
Nota - Posizione 691
DIO E IL TEMPO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 708
I think that human beings are collections of elementary particles interacting according to the laws of physics. And if I were to, say, write down every single particle in my body and I had a Leplace's demon level of computation ability, I could predict what I would do. But I don't have any of that.
Nota - Posizione 710
CARROLL NN CREDDE NEL FREE WILL
Nota - Posizione 710
CARROLL NN CREDDE NEL FREE WILL
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 727
the real question I want to get to and the important one, I think, is what Roger Penrose talks about with the necessity of conscious observation and the neglect of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics among practicing physicists who seem to ignore the necessity of conscious observation creating quantum decoherence.
Nota - Posizione 728
PUBBLICO
Nota - Posizione 728
PUBBLICO
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 730
there are at least ten different physical interpretations of the equations of quantum mechanics, and they're all empirically equivalent,
Nota - Posizione 731
PREMESSA DI CRAIG
Nota - Posizione 731
PREMESSA DI CRAIG
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 732
I'm inclined to agree with philosophers of science who think of the traditional Copenhagen Interpretation as really just quite unintelligible.
Nota - Posizione 733
POSOZIONE XSONALE
Nota - Posizione 733
POSOZIONE XSONALE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 734
Now I know that Sean Carroll holds to Everett's Many Worlds Interpretation; but that, again, seems to me to be just fantastic
Nota - Posizione 735
INOLTRE
Nota - Posizione 735
INOLTRE
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 735
But basically I don't think we need to decide. No one knows for sure what is the correct physical interpretation.
Nota - Posizione 736
TESI
Nota - Posizione 736
TESI
Evidenzia (giallo) - Posizione 850
Dr. Craig: As a systematic theologian, I am committed to having what I call a synoptic worldview, that is to say, a worldview that takes into account all of the data of human experience, not only what we learn from revealed truth in theology, but also from science, from history, from psychology, and the humanities.
Nota - Posizione 852
TSOLOGIA SISTEMATICA
Nota - Posizione 852
TSOLOGIA SISTEMATICA

venerdì 31 maggio 2019

F prova cosmologica

Esistono due argomenti:

1) Kalam
2) Fine tuning

Kalam: 1) l'universo materiale ha un inizio, quindi 2) ha una causa immateriale.

Due argomenti per supportare l'inizio dell'universo.

1) modello big bang: il ns universo è in espansione e quindi il tempo ha un inizio (anche la realtà quantica non puo' essere eternamente stabile.
2) entropia: se l'universo fosse eterno sarebbe caotico

HL 2 Coming to Power

2 Coming to Power
Note:2@@@@@@@@@@@@

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Born in a remote part of Liberia’s interior and virtually illiterate,
Note:JOHN DOE....DITRATORE LIBERIANO

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moved out of the West African jungle in search of work. He headed to the capital city, Monrovia,
Note:ARRIVA

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As the president slept, he seized the day, bayoneted the president, threw his entrails to the dogs, and declared himself Liberia’s new president.
Note:SI ARRUOLÒ E DURANTE IL SUO SERVIZIO COLSE LA SUA OCCASIONE

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Doe had scaled the fence at the Executive Mansion, hoping to confront the president and find out why they had not been paid.
Note:XCHÈ ERA CAPITATO LÌ

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Tolbert’s True Whig Party, a political regime created by slaves repatriated from America in 1847.
Note:IL PREDECESSORE

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He immediately rounded up thirteen cabinet ministers, who were then publically executed on the beach
Note:TRATTFAMENTO DEGLI AVVERSARI

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Doe had no idea what a president was supposed to do and even less idea of how to govern a country.
Note:SAPEVA SOLO PRENDERE IL POTERE

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He increased the pay of army privates from $85 to $250 per month.
Note:PAGARE X LA LEALTÀ

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revenues from Firestone, which leased large tracts of land for rubber;
Note:LA FONTE DEL DENARO

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He was lazy, and spent his days hanging out with the wives of his presidential guards. The economy collapsed, foreign debt soared, and criminal enterprises became virtually the only successful
Note:NN SAPEVA GOVERNARE

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Little wonder that the people of Liberia ended up hating Doe.
Note:UNICA ATTIVITÀ IL RICICLAGGIO

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And yet, provided he knew where the money was and who needed paying off,
Note:GOOD MANTRA...IL SEGRETO DI OGNI DITTATORE

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Paths to Power with Few Essentials
Note:Tttttttttttttt

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First, he must remove the incumbent. Second, he needs to seize the apparatus of government. Third, he needs to form a coalition of supporters sufficient to sustain him as the new incumbent.
Note:LE TRE COSE CHE DEVE FARE UN DITTATORE

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The first, and easiest, is for the leader to die.
Note:TRE POSSIBILI RIMOZIONI....PRIMA

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a challenger can make an offer to the essential members of the incumbent’s coalition
Note:SECONDA

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current political system can be overwhelmed from the outside, whether by military defeat by a foreign power, or through revolution
Note:TERZO

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The most critical factor behind Mubarak’s defeat in February 2011 was the decision by Egypt’s top generals to allow demonstrators to take to the streets without fear of military suppression.
Note:LA LEALTÀ È DECISIVA

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revolutions occur when those who preserve the current system are sufficiently dissatisfied with their rewards
Note:SOLDI

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Speed Is Essential
Note:Tttttttttttt

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Once the old leader is gone, it is essential to seize the instruments of power, such as the treasury, as quickly as possible.
Note:IMPOSSESSARSI DELLA CASSA

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Samuel Doe ruled because his group had the guns. He did not need half the nation to support him.
Note:IL SUPPORTO...POCHI MA COESI

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Consider a room filled with 100 people. Anyone could take complete control if only she had five supporters with automatic weapons pointed at the rest. She would remain in power so long as the five gunmen continue to back her.
Note:L ANALOGIA

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grabbed the guns first.
Note:LA CENTRALITÀ DELLO SPEED

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There is no prize for coming in second.
Note:Cccccccccc

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Pay to Play
Note:Tttttttttttt

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Paying supporters, not good governance or representing the general will, is the essence of ruling. Buying loyalty
Note:CHI COMANDA

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After Doe took over the Liberian government, he greatly increased army salaries.
Note:ESEMPIO

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Allaying supporters’ fears of being abandoned is a key element of coming to power.
Note:LA MOSSA DECISIVA

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Mortality: The Best Opportunity for Power
Note:TTTttttttttttttt

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Dead leaders cannot deliver rewards to their coalition.
Note:PRIMO...NN FARSI AMMAZZARE....ESIBIRE SICUREZZA

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That’s a good reason to keep terminal illnesses secret
Note:ES

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Although the masses brought down the old regime in hopes of obtaining a more democratic government, Khomeini ensured that real power was retained by a small group of clerics.
Note:UN PICCOLO GRUPPO COESO

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The shah ran a brutal, oppressive government under which thousands disappeared. Imprisonment, torture, and death were commonplace.
Note:CHI SI ERA LIBERATO VOLEVA LA DEMOCRAZIA

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The army was no longer willing to fight to preserve the regime because they knew that the shah was dying.
Note:RUOLO DELLA MALATTIA

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Benigno Aquino Jr. was an outstanding man. At the age of eighteen he was awarded the Philippine Legion of Honor for his journalism during the Korean War.
Note:RISE OF DEMOCRACY NELLE FIIPPINE....UNA STORIA SIMILE

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In a dangerous move, he became an outspoken critic of President Ferdinand Marcos.
Note:L INIZIO DI TUTTO

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On the flight back to Manila he warned journalists that it might all be over in minutes. And it was. He was immediately taken from the plane and assassinated
Note:IL RIENTRO

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In late 1985 Ferdinand Marcos announced snap elections a year earlier than scheduled. Corazon Aquino stepped in as her late husband’s surrogate and ran as the main opposition candidate.
Note:LE FRODI E L INTERVENTO DI REAGAN E DEI CARDINALONI

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Marcos and his family sought sanctuary in the United States. They left the Philippines and settled in Hawaii but, as insiders and many others knew, Marcos would not live long. That, in fact, had been his problem all along.
Note:MA COSA C ERA DIETRO?

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Corazon Aquino had no experience in government. Yet she succeeded where her more accomplished husband had failed. She challenged Marcos at a time when his supporters knew his time was coming to an end.
Note:LA VITTORIA DELL IMBRANATA

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Laurent Kabila, once maligned by Che Guevara as lacking “revolutionary seriousness” and being “too addicted to alcohol and women,” took on the mighty Mobuto Sese Seko of Zaire and won.4 Kabila lacked much in talent, but his timing was excellent. Mobuto was dying of prostate cancer
Note:ALTRO ESEMPIO

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Health concerns for North Korea’s Kim Jong Il and Cuba’s Fidel Castro have engendered similarly intense political speculation.
Note:ALTRI ESEMPI

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Kim Jong Il promoted his youngest son, Kim Jong Un, to a variety of posts, including the rank of four-star general, even though his son has no military experience. Fidel Castro likewise promoted his brother, Raul,
Note:SOCCORRE IL PARENTE

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Inheritance and the Problem of Relatives
Note:Tttttttttttt

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If an incumbent runs out of money he cannot continue to pay his supporters.
Note:NN CI SONO SOLO PROBLEMI DI SALUTE

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Succession became a battle of survival of the fittest to see which son would become the next sultan.
Note:PRESSO GLI OTTOMANI....LA LEGGE DEL FRATRICIDIO....IL PRIMO FRATELLO CHE METTE LE MANI SUL TESORO E PAGA L ESERCITO DIVENTA SULTANO

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The result could often be civil war,
Note:Cccccccccc

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Unsuccessful brothers were typically killed.
Note:Cccccccccccc

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all unsuccessful male heirs were strangled with a silk cord.
Note:MEMET ISTITUZIONALIZZA LA PRATICA

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Mehmet III allegedly killed nineteen brothers, two sons, and fifteen slaves who were pregnant by his own father,
Note:ESEMPIO

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this practice was replaced by the kinder, gentler practice of locking all male relatives in the Fourth Court of the Topkapi Palace—quite
Note:NEL 1600

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it is perhaps no wonder why Shakespeare’s Hamlet or Robert Graves’s Claudius chose to feign madness.
Note:VON PARENTI DEL GENERE

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Would-be autocrats must be prepared to kill all comers—even members of the immediate family.
Note:UNA COSA È CERTA

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Ottomans formalized this while the English merely relied on the tradition of doing in their rivals.
Note:VEDI LA SUCCESSIONE A RICCARDO...GIOVANNI E ARTURO SI FRONTEGGIARONO

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What did John do? Even after assuming the crown he continued to fear Arthur’s quest for power, a quest that grew more intense as the boy aged into his teenage years.
Note:ALL EPOCA ARTHUR ERA UN DODICENNE

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in 1203, John had Arthur taken prisoner and murdered.
Note:INFINE

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the nobles rose up against him, promulgating Magna Carta, twelve years later.
Note:PICCOLO INCONVENIENTE

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Essential supporters have a much greater chance of retaining their privileged position when power passes within a family,
Note:UN VANTAGGIO DELLA SUCCESSIONE

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Naturally, if you’re a young prince who hopes to be king, you’ll have to make sure to outlive your “supporters” first.
Note:I RE GIOVANI

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For instance, the first Roman emperor, Augustus, formally adopted his successor, Tiberius. Mob bosses often do the same. Carlo Gambino nominated “Big” Paul Castellano to succeed him
Note:IL SUCCESSORE NOMINATO X EVITARE FAIDE

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Papal Bull - ying for Power
Note:Ttttttttttttt

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Some of the greatest stories and movies of all time portray how the outcome of whole nations, peoples, and faiths come down to the actions of a single individual.
Note:DA FRODO A SKYWALKER

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Bishops were the arbiters of Christian practice and belief, but not until Damasus I, pope from 366 to 384, was the Bishop of Rome truly elevated above all other Roman Catholic bishops,
Note:IL PAPA NELLA CHIESA PRIMITIVA NN CONTAVA GRANCHÈ

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By the late 300s, the east had a seemingly insurmountable advantage in the long struggle between the eastern and western branches of Christianity. The apostles and, of course, Jesus himself, all came from the east.
Note:DAMASO...UN CASE STUDY INTERESSANTE

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apostles came from the east, but Peter and Paul were martyred in Rome and it was in Rome that they were buried.
Note:L IDEA DI DAMASUS

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Rome, then, must have a superior claim compared to the eastern Sees.
Note:Cccccccccc

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On February 28, 380, Emperor Theodosius declared that everyone must abide by the Christian principles as declared by “the Apostle Peter to the Romans, and now followed by Bishop Damasus and Peter of Alexandria.”
Note:L OPERA DI DAMASUS....PRIVILEGIARE IL CENTRO E NN LA PERIFERIA...CONVERTIRE I NOBILI PARTENDO DALLE LOORO MOGLI...

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his battle for power shifted Christianity away from its Eastern origins and set it on the path to becoming a Western faith.
Note:SVOLTA DI DAMASUS

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what constitutes doing the right thing must be understood from the perspective of a potential supporter; it may have nothing to do with what is best for a community or nation.
Note:RICORDA...È SEMPRE UN AFFARE X POCHI

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Seizing Power from the Bankrupt
Note:Tttttttttttttt

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If a ruler has run out of money with which to pay his supporters,
Note:ANCHE FARE IL GIUSTO PASSO NN SERVE A NIENTE SE...

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Financial crises are an opportune time to strike.
Note:RIVOLUZIONE...QUANDO

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Kerensky’s revolutionaries were able to storm the Winter Palace in February 1917 because the army did not stop them. And the army did not bother to stop them because the czar did not pay them enough.
Note:1917… ALTRO CHE IDEOLOGIA MARXISTA

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he foolishly cut the income from one of his major sources of revenue, the vodka tax,
Note:L ERRORE DELLO ZAR....MOSSA PROIBIZIONISTA

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He had the silly idea that a sober army would prove more effective
Note:PAZZA IDEA

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Nicholas, it seems, thought that a ban on vodka would improve the performance of Russia’s troops in World War I.
Note:Cccccccc

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His mistake was operating a democratic government, which necessitated a large coalition, and implementing an unpopular policy—continuing
Note:KERENTSKY

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The czar fell once there was no one to stop the revolution. Louis XVI suffered much the same fate in the French Revolution.
Note:LA LEZIONE...PAGARE BENE GLI ALLEATI

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Mugabe “succeeds” because he understands that it does not matter what happens to the people provided that he makes sure to pay the army.
Note:L IRRILEVANZA DI UNA POLITICA TERRIBILE

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Mugabe is certainly horrible for what he’s done to the people he rules, but he is a master of the rules to rule by.
Note:IL PIÙ GRANDE STATISTA DEL MONDO?

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Silence Is Golden
Note:Ttttttttttttttt

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The incumbent’s advantage in offering rewards disappears as soon as coalition members come to suspect their long run access to personal benefits will end.
Note:PREMESSA

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Houari Boumediène was able to seize the Algerian presidency from Ahmed Ben Bella in 1965 after Ben Bella foolishly opened his mouth.
Note:L ESEMPIO ILLUSTRATO

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On June 12, 1966, he announced that there would be a politburo meeting a week later and that the purpose of the meeting was to discuss three major issues: (1) Changes in the cabinet; (2) Changes in the army command; (3) The liquidation of the military opposition.
Note:L ERRORE FATALE DI BELLA

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There is never a point in showing your hand before you have to;
Note:Ccccccfffff

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Institutional Change
Note:Tttttttttttttt

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What politicians seek to avoid are any institutional changes that increase the number of people to whom they are beholden.
Note:IN POCHI È MEGLIO

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He sought to end Communist Party members’ access to special stores, privileged access to the best universities, and other benefits not shared by the working people of the Soviet Union. Sure, that was popular with the masses but the masses didn’t have much say in choosing who ran the Soviet Union—Party members did.
Note:L ERRORE DI YELTSIN...DA CUI SI SALVERÁ X UN SOFFIO

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By the late 1980s the Soviet economy had stagnated. This left the recently promoted Soviet leader, Gorbachev, with a serious dilemma. Unless he could somehow resuscitate the economy, he was liable to run out of money. As we have seen, this situation can get leaders into serious trouble. In order to get the economy moving so that there would continue to be enough money, Gorbachev needed to loosen control over the people, freeing their suppressed entrepreneurial potential.
Note:IL CROLLO DEL MURO....LE VERE CAUSE

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he could win over the apparatchiks by promoting greater budgetary autonomy for the Russian Republic within the Soviet structure. They could become richer and more powerful in Russia than they had been in the Soviet Union.
Note:QUELLO CHE CAPI BORIS Y

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Coming to Power in Democracy
Note:Tttttttttttttt

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Democratic Inheritance
Note:Ttttttttttttt

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Democrats, because they rely on a large coalition, cannot lavish great wealth on their supporters personally.
Note:IL PROB DE LEADER DEMOCRATICO

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democrats need to find effective public policies that their supporters like and reward their loyalty
Note:LO SCAMBIO DEMO

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this explains why dynastic rule is common even in democracies.
Note:MA I SONO ANCHE BENI PRIVATI

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31.2 percent of American female legislators (and 8.4 percent of men) had a close relative precede them in their political role.10 Nearly 20 percent of American presidents were close relatives
Note:L BÒ DYNASTIES

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Democracy Is an Arms Race for Good Ideas
Note:Ttttttttttt

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Competition in democracies is cerebral, not physical. Killing foes works for dictators,
Note:CERVELLO

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the corollary is that even good public policy does not buy much loyalty. Everyone consumes policy benefits whether they support the incumbent or not.
Note:COROLLARIO.....LE POLICY SI CONSUMANO X CONQUISTARE IL POTERE

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If a leader cleans up the environment or solves global warming then everyone is a winner,
Note:SE FAI BENE CONTA POCO QUANDO NN HAI IDEE X IL FUTURO

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past deeds don’t buy loyalty.
Note:Cccccccccc

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After six hard years of war, rationing, and sacrifice, these policies had little appeal. Atlee chose to promote the National Health Service and the creation of a welfare state
Note:CME IL GRANDE CHURCHILL VINCITORE DI HITLER XSE LE ELEZIONI

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He won the battle for good ideas.
Note:CccccccccccccÈ IL FUTURO CHE CONTA

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A Last Word on Coming to Power: The Ultimate Fate of Sergeant Doe
Note:Ttttttttttt

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With the end of the cold war, the United States no longer needed Doe’s assistance, and in 1989 the US government cut off his future aid. Rivals Charles Taylor and Prince Johnson, backed by the governments of Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire, saw their opportunity and launched an insurgency.
Note:LA FINE DI DOE

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Prince Johnson captured the president and videotaped his subsequent interrogation. The interrogators repeated the same questions over and over again before Johnson turned to cutting off Doe’s ear and eating it: “Where is the money? What is the bank account number?” Doe didn’t answer.
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To achieve power means recognizing the moment of opportunity, moving fast, and moving decisively to seize the day.
SOMMARIO

PERCEZIONE E REALTA'

PERCEZIONE E REALTA'

I sociologi sottolineano di continuo le credenze distorte del pubblico in tema di rischio e le sue paure ingiustificate, per esempio della criminalità.

Quel che trascurano, purtroppo, è che molte persone si sentono ancora estremamente ansiose anche dopo aver accettato i fatti. A nulla vale leggere statistiche.

Sono lieto di comunicare che esiste una cura psicologica alla percezione anomala del rischio, si chiama "terapia dell'esposizione".

La terapia implica un'esposizione deliberata e programmata a uno stimolo temuto fino a che l'intensità dell'angoscia non si allenta. E' la cura migliore ai problemi di ansia e panico.

Hai paura dei cani? Chiuditi in una stanza con i cani. Hai paura dell'ascensore? Vai su e giù ripetutamente con l'ascensore. Sei sempre in apprensione per il tuo bambino? Invitalo a fare il giro dell'isolato da solo. Hai paura della violenza? Guarda film violenti. Tuo figlio ha paura dell'acqua? Sbattilo in acqua dal pattino al largo. Temi la criminalità? Passeggia di notte nelle zone più malfamate della tua città. Hai pregiudizi sugli zingari? Attraversa il loro campo fermandoti a parlare con loro...

Che sia il modo più efficace per curare le proprie paure sembra assodato. Il problema è un altro: perché gli psicoterapeuti la prescrivono così raramente?


https://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Exposure-Therapies-David-Richard/dp/0125874219/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1257910490&sr=1-1