Chapter 9 HISTORY Rights Flow from Frontiers
Note:9@@@@@@@@
Note:9@@@@@@@@
Yellow highlight | Page: 279
A Market of Governance Is an Engine of Moral Progress
Note:ttttttttr
Note:ttttttttr
Yellow highlight | Page: 279
Most of human prehistory was barbaric.
Note:BARBARIE OVUNQUE
Note:BARBARIE OVUNQUE
Yellow highlight | Page: 279
Civil society emerged in ancient Greece,
Note:GRECIA... UNA PENISOLA
Note:GRECIA... UNA PENISOLA
Yellow highlight | Page: 279
to move to neighboring city-states
Note:PIEDI
Note:PIEDI
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
Plato and Aristotle place a negative connotation on the old, respected means of governing: tyranny.
Note:CONTRO LA TIRANNIA
Note:CONTRO LA TIRANNIA
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
economic specialization and interregional trade
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
Those who trade, trade in ideas—
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
democracy
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
republicanism,
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
federations
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
divisions of power,
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
“Greece was divided into many small self-governing communities,
Note:MICROCOMUNITÀ
Note:MICROCOMUNITÀ
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
Greek geography: every island, valley,
Note:RUOLO DELLA GEOGRAFIA...ARCIPELAGO
Note:RUOLO DELLA GEOGRAFIA...ARCIPELAGO
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
lack of a political center.
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
dozens and later hundreds of independent poleis,
Yellow highlight | Page: 280
Each city-state became a testing ground for small innovations in laws,
Note:SCIENZA
Note:SCIENZA
Yellow highlight | Page: 281
With conquest and control so difficult,
Note:DIFESA RINTANATA
Note:DIFESA RINTANATA
Yellow highlight | Page: 281
market competition outstripped military competition.
Note:EC E POL
Note:EC E POL
Yellow highlight | Page: 281
The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece, scholar Josiah Ober
Note:A SUPPORTO
Note:A SUPPORTO
Yellow highlight | Page: 281
“Experts in various arts and crafts migrated to new homes
Note:VOTARE COI PIEDI
Note:VOTARE COI PIEDI
Yellow highlight | Page: 282
Athens emerged; it was not designed.
Yellow highlight | Page: 282
learning from the past governance
Note:ATENE
Note:ATENE
Yellow highlight | Page: 282
the Italian Renaissance.
Note:L UNCA ESPERIENZA SIMILE
Note:L UNCA ESPERIENZA SIMILE
Yellow highlight | Page: 282
Armies of monarchs couldn’t get across the Alps in one piece, leaving the Italian peninsula a natural experiment in polycentric governance with easy access to water.
Note:ITALIA POST ROMANA
Note:ITALIA POST ROMANA
Yellow highlight | Page: 282
terrible time to be conqueror, but a great time to be a trader.
Note:AMEDIOEVO RINASC
Note:AMEDIOEVO RINASC
Yellow highlight | Page: 282
merchant and banking class who patronized the arts,
Yellow highlight | Page: 282
sovereign cities engaged in ceaseless economic and artistic competition,
Yellow highlight | Page: 282
increase in literacy, numeracy, and an unprecedented near tripling of per capita income
Note:ITALIA
Note:ITALIA
Yellow highlight | Page: 282
from the eleventh century to the fifteenth
Note:EPOCA D ORO
Note:EPOCA D ORO
Yellow highlight | Page: 282
immigrate to cities en masse and making Italy the most urbanized region
Yellow highlight | Page: 283
free-trade zones sprouted in Tuscany, and entrepreneurs who served became wealthier than nobility who ruled,
Note:GOVERNATI E GOVERNANTI
Note:GOVERNATI E GOVERNANTI
Yellow highlight | Page: 283
the dynamic aquatic peninsula:
Yellow highlight | Page: 283
magnates who built cities
Yellow highlight | Page: 283
Only in the land without a king did business innovations outstrip military innovations,
Note:COMMERCIO E GUERRA
Note:COMMERCIO E GUERRA
Yellow highlight | Page: 283
Venice
Note:LA CITTÀ ACQUATICA
Note:LA CITTÀ ACQUATICA
Yellow highlight | Page: 283
Venice was rich, urban, and intensely aquatic, a center for commerce with no center of political power.
Note:IL MODELLO
Note:IL MODELLO
Yellow highlight | Page: 283
Venetians had developed equity and mortgage instruments, bankruptcy laws, double-entry accounting, the first business schools,
Note:INNOVAZ
Note:INNOVAZ
Yellow highlight | Page: 283
features that for a time discourage centralized control and encourage decentralized creation and choice.
Note:LA FORTUNA
Note:LA FORTUNA
Yellow highlight | Page: 284
On the American frontier,
Note:NUOVO MONDO
Note:NUOVO MONDO
Yellow highlight | Page: 284
proliferation of states, territories, and laws,
Yellow highlight | Page: 284
“Shesteading”
Yellow highlight | Page: 284
Brit Benjamin
Yellow highlight | Page: 284
how many seasteaders would like to maintain the gender balance
Note:DOMANDA DELLA FEMMINISTA
Note:DOMANDA DELLA FEMMINISTA
Yellow highlight | Page: 284
dumbstruck silence
Yellow highlight | Page: 284
competition in the market of marriage.
Note:LA SOLUZIONE
Note:LA SOLUZIONE
Yellow highlight | Page: 285
everybody was excluded except periwigged property owners,
Note:CGI VOTAVA IN GRECIA O TRA I COLONI
Note:CGI VOTAVA IN GRECIA O TRA I COLONI
Yellow highlight | Page: 285
Suffrage was apparently a big lure for these migrants,
Note:COME SI ESTESE IL VOTO
Note:COME SI ESTESE IL VOTO
Yellow highlight | Page: 285
One by one, the fringe states granted voting rights to formerly disenfranchised groups:
Yellow highlight | Page: 286
property acquired during the marriage is owned jointly by both spouses, on the basis that it would attract “women of fortune” and was thus “the very best provision to get us wives.”
Note:PRIPERTY LAW IN CALIFORNIA
Note:PRIPERTY LAW IN CALIFORNIA
Yellow highlight | Page: 286
female suffrage,
Yellow highlight | Page: 286
In ancient Greece, Aristophanes wrote a play called Lysistrata,
Note:COME ANDÒ IN GRECIA
Note:COME ANDÒ IN GRECIA
Yellow highlight | Page: 286
boycott sex until the men agree
Yellow highlight | Page: 287
the best strategies for moral progress
Yellow highlight | Page: 287
efforts of obscure social entrepreneurs in competing jurisdictions innovating to attract citizens by treating them like customers.
Note | Page: 287
LA NASCITA DEI DIRITTI
Yellow highlight | Page: 287
Moral progress emerges from millions of individuals competing for novel ways to profit by pleasing one another.
Yellow highlight | Page: 287
Human rights come from the fringe on the frontier, and so does technological innovation.
Note:INNOV E DIRITTI
Note:INNOV E DIRITTI
Yellow highlight | Page: 287
begin as innovators and then become stagnant monopolies protecting themselves against innovation.
Note:CICLO DELL INNOVAZIONE
Note:CICLO DELL INNOVAZIONE
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
innovation is destabilizing—
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
“Cardwell’s Law,”
Note:CICLO
Note:CICLO
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
no nation remains technologically innovative for long.
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
As one nation became stagnant, the torch of technological leadership was passed to another,
Note:STAFFETTA
Note:STAFFETTA
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
a story of repeated failure.
Note:COLOMBO ALLA RICERCA DI UNO SPONSOR
Note:COLOMBO ALLA RICERCA DI UNO SPONSOR
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
Portugal,
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
Venice
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
Genoa,
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
England,
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
Spain,
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
France,
Yellow highlight | Page: 288
Luis de Santángel,
Yellow highlight | Page: 289
Competition really has a way of driving risky ventures.
Yellow highlight | Page: 289
Compare this to China,
Note:UN CONFRONTO
Note:UN CONFRONTO
Yellow highlight | Page: 289
If the Italian merchant Marco Polo’s tales are true, he arrived in China in 1271 to find a futuristic wonder world far surpassing what he had known in Europe.
Note:LA CINA PIÙ AVANTI
Note:LA CINA PIÙ AVANTI
Yellow highlight | Page: 289
Jared Diamond proposes that innovation in China was stifled by the lack of competitive governance.
Note:DIAMOND
Note:DIAMOND
Yellow highlight | Page: 289
There was no frontier or enclave
Note:CINA
Note:CINA
Yellow highlight | Page: 289
geography of zigzagging mountains, seas, islands, peninsulas,
Note:EUROPA
Note:EUROPA
Yellow highlight | Page: 289
A Chinese explorer with a nutty notion could not bounce from king to king to queen.
Note:CC
Note:CC
Yellow highlight | Page: 289
“Any man of genius is paralyzed immediately by the thought that his efforts will bring him punishment rather than rewards.”
Note:DINASTIA MING
Note:DINASTIA MING
Yellow highlight | Page: 290
the Great Wall to keep out foreigners,
Yellow highlight | Page: 290
“How China Became Capitalist,”
Note:COASE...COME CAMBIÒ LA CINA?
Note:COASE...COME CAMBIÒ LA CINA?
Yellow highlight | Page: 290
“When China’s 32 provinces, 282 municipalities, 2,862 counties, 19,522 towns, and 14,677 villages threw themselves into an open competition for investment and for good ideas
Note:VALORIZZATI I LOCALISMI
Note:VALORIZZATI I LOCALISMI
Yellow highlight | Page: 290
the sea becomes a permanent frontier for pilgrims
Note:LA NUOVA COMUNITÁ COME FRONTIERA PERMANENTE
Note:LA NUOVA COMUNITÁ COME FRONTIERA PERMANENTE
Yellow highlight | Page: 292
Franklin was a genius. But he was also in the right place at the right time.
MGLIAIA DI FRANKLIN NEL MONDO
MGLIAIA DI FRANKLIN NEL MONDO
