HL 3. ARE CEOS PAID TOO MUCH?

3. ARE CEOS PAID TOO MUCH?
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Many intellectuals and journalists allege that CEOs are paid too much (or paid too much relative to workers),
Note:IL PUNTO DI PARTENZA

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“a silent killer wreaking havoc on our economy.”
Note:LA PAGA CEO X MOLTI

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The more likely truth, however, is that CEO pay largely has to do with competition, in this case the chase for talent.
Note:ALTERNATIVA

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it is in the best interests of the board and shareholders to drive a business to be a creator, and high CEO salaries are part of that mix.
Note:ESPLICITIAMO

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The debates around CEO pay reflect how we deal with the excellence around us, how well we deal with cases in which rewards go to those who have failed,
Note:LE IMPLICAZIONI

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top CEOs may make 300 times the pay of typical workers, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has gone up by about 500 percent,
Note:PROPORZIONI

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there aren’t actually many people capable of leading large companies?
Note:UNA QUESTIONE DI DOMANDA E OFFERTA?

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CEO pay mostly—not entirely—reflects the productive contributions of talented individuals to very important companies, rather than corruption, rent-seeking, and personal enrichment.
Note:ANDANDO A VEDERE I DATI

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limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.
Note:IL MODELLO MGLIORE X CAPIRE

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when it comes to CEO pay we can (mostly) trust business.
Note:LA SELEZIONE DEI TALENTI È BUONA

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The efforts of America’s highest-earning 1 percent have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.
Note:DOBBIAMO MEYTERCELO IN TESTA

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Economists sometimes speak of CEOs as arbitrary beneficiaries of a variable called “skill-biased technical change.”
Note:L ACCUSA

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But skill-biased technical change does not fall from the sky; rather, it comes about because it was the vision, deeply held and tenaciously enacted, of a number of CEOs.
Note:VISIONE

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CEOS ARE PAID FOR CREATING VALUE
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One of the most striking features of CEO pay growth is just how much it is tied to the overall performance of U.S. stocks.
Note:MISURIAMO

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determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious
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Xavier Gabaix and Augustin Landier,
Note:I DUE CHE HANNO STUDIATO LA CONNESSIONE

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the sixfold increase in average CEO pay over the 1980–2003 period can be explained in large part by the roughly sixfold increase in average market capitalization over those same years.
Note:IL RISCONTRO

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in bad times CEO pay goes down,
Note:ALTRO RISCONTRO

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In other words, it isn’t just an upward ratchet,
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CEOs are some of the biggest critics of CEO compensation for the leaders of other companies.
Note:CURIOSO...PARALLELO CN I GRANDI ATLETI

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If you look at the top-performing teams in NBA history, they are almost always based around (at least) one player who is one of the top few in the NBA and playing at or near the top of his game. Bill Russell, Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, Michael Jordan, LeBron James, and Stephen Curry
Note:I SUPERPAGATI

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At the same time, not every gamble on a big star—or supposed big star—is going to succeed.

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Cccccccccccccc

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The New York Knicks poured many millions of dollars into Carmelo Anthony, who is now well over thirty, and they remain a mediocre team
Note:UN CASO DI FALLIMENTO

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But how did Anthony get that money? By manipulating the shareholders and board of the company that owns the New York Knicks? No. Anthony offered the promise of something
Note:CARMELO ANTHONY

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since 1926, the entire rise in the U.S. stock market can be attributed to the top 4 percent of corporate performers.
Note:UN DATO DA CONSIDERARE...UN RONALDO SUERPAGATO FA BENE A TUTTO IL MOVIMENTO...

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THE SKILL SET OF THE MODERN CEO
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how to operate its core business,
Note:PRIMA ABILITÀ

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As the world has become more financialized, a CEO must have a good sense of financial markets
Note:SECONDA

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Today’s CEOs also must have better regulatory and public relations skills
Note:TERZA

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If a major company is reputed to be racist or sexist or homophobic,
Note:POLITICALKY CORRECT

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American companies are much more globalized than ever before,
Note:CONOSCENZA DEL MONDO

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skill requires a knowledge of the global economy that is actually fairly mind-boggling.
Note:QUARTA

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virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another.
Note:QUINTA COMPETENZA

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On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal accounting, and presenting budgets and business plans to the board.
Note:OLTRE AL RESTO

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a good CEO must have a reasonably well-rounded sense of nearly the entirety of the contemporary human experience, whether as worker, consumer, funder, media communicator, or political activist.
Note:PRATICAMENTE UN FILOSOFO

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most important CEO skills have shifted from being company specific to being those of a generalist,
Note:TEORIA DEL TUTTO

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all CEOs require a basic set of finely honed character traits to succeed at the very top of the corporate world.
Note:UNA QUESTIONE DI CARATERE

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on average, top CEO talent helps larger firms proportionally more than smaller firms, and high salaries can be useful as a means of allocating the best talent to their most important uses. If Mark Zuckerberg had been running a midsized financial services company rather than Facebook, that would have been a waste of his talents,
Note:I GRANDI

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A study found that when we take such “matching” factors into account, the optimal highest marginal tax rate on CEOs probably should be in the range of 27 to 34 percent.
Note:COME TASARLI ?

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some other economists who do not take this factor into account recommend marginal tax rates as high as 70 to 80 percent—they’re focusing on the fact that wealthy people may not always enjoy their marginal consumption very much.
Note:CHI GUARDA SOLO AI CONSUMI XSONALI GIUNGE A CONCLUSIONI DIFFERENTI

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The individuals who are the major players in private equity firms are very often potential or former CEOs themselves, and the firms they acquire are tightly held, so those individuals are not likely to be ripped off by the CEO of a firm they acquire.
Note:GUARDIAMO AD UN IMPREASA PARTICOLARE X AVERE CONFERME...QIELLE CHE COMPRANO CATORCI RISTRUTTURANO E RIVENDONO...I COMPENSI CEO SONO CRESCIUTI COME ALTROVE

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if we look at the numbers over the period when CEO pay rose so rapidly, we see that law partner compensation rose at roughly the same rate.
Note:UN PARALLELO CON CHI NN PUÒ FARE IL FURBO

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From 1993 to 2010, the pay of top baseball players went up 2.5 times, the pay of top basketball players rose 3.3 times, and for football the multiple was 5.8.
Note:ANCORA UN PARALLELO CON GLI ATLETI

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CEOs gained about as much as the baseball players,
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corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. The 1950s and 1960s were much more of a “good ol’ boy”
Note:ALTRO FATTORE CHE CONTA

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That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.
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the stock market reacts positively when companies announce compensation plans tying CEO pay to stock prices or other long-term indicators

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UN ALTRO PEZZO DEL PUZZLE

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CEO pay has less to do with income inequality than it might seem at first glance.
Note:DICIAMOLO CHIARO....L ERRATA IMPRESSIONE CHE DANNO I GIORNALI

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very high senior management returns stem from value creation,
Note:L ORIGINE DI TUTTO

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within business firms, returns to higher-tier workers have not risen relative to the pay of the lower-tier workers,
Note:CONTRO L IMPRESSIONE GENERALE

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The main exception to that claim is workers at the very top,
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the main driver of income inequality has been the blossoming of superstar firms that sell an innovative product
Note:NN SONO I SUPERPAGATI A CREARE DISEG

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income inequality is mostly about the differences between the superstar companies and the others.
Note:RIPETIAMOLO IN ALTRA FORMA

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Building a superstar firm helps those firms raise wages for just about everyone.
Note:CONSEGUENZA

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WHEN GREAT CEOS DIE
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A database of 149 sudden deaths of top executives in the United States found that changes in leadership directly affect firm values; that is, when good leaders die, companies tend to lose value.
Note:ALTRO INDIZIO

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It turns out that leader quality accounts for about 5 to 6 percent of the value of the company.
Note:NUMERI

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Sascha O. Becker and Hans K. Hvide
Note:SOPRA

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Hospitalizations are more frequent events than deaths, and the data from hospitalizations tell a pretty similar story
Note:POSSIAMO FARE MEGLIO

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CEOs are paid less than the value they bring to their companies.
Note:CONCLUSIONE

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CEOs capture only about 68 to 73 percent of the value they bring to their firms.
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Lucian A. Taylor,
Note:ALTRO STUDIOSO SOTTO

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typical major CEO captures somewhere between 44 and 68 percent
Note:ALTRA STIMA

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you won’t find credible estimates suggesting that major CEOs, taken as a group, are capturing more than 100 percent of their value added.
Note:IN NEGATIVO

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the way to get paid a lot more is for your company to do well. It’s quite common for 60 to 80 percent of a top executive’s pay to come in the form of bonuses, options, and other forms of compensation that are directly dependent on how well the firm does.
Note:FORMULA STOCK OPTION

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“golden parachutes”
Note:UNA COSA CHE INDIGNA MOLTI

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throwing out the CEO can involve a destructive battle. A golden parachute can help ensure that a bad corporate leader will abandon the mess he or she has created and will do so in a relatively constructive manner,
Note:PRIMA FUNZIONE DEL PARACADUTA

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Second, in some cases the shareholders wish to encourage a CEO to explore risky new strategies that may fail.
Note:ALTRA STRATEGIA

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ARE COMPANIES TOO FOCUSED ON THE SHORT TERM?
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In reality, this is usually another complaint about CEO pay. Often the critics charge that equity- and options-based pay for CEOs helps drive this phenomenon,
Note:L ACCUSA INDIRETTA DI SHORTERMISM

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It can be very difficult to distinguish between short-termism and an inability to see into the future.
Note:PRIMO PROBLEMA

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Usually the short-termism behind the failures isn’t fully revealed until someone with a better long-term vision comes along.
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It is not hard to think of examples where companies made big mistakes because they were thinking too long-term.
Note:L ERRORE OPPOSTO NN È MENO FREQUENTE

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Circa 2018, Jeff Bezos ended up as the richest man in the world, and he achieved that status by sticking with some long-run goals.
Note:CASO....LE STOCK PREMIANO IL LUNGO

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markets are striking a pretty decent balance between short-term and long-term considerations.
Note:IL MERCATO PUNISCE LO SHORTTERMISM

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Kenneth French and Nobel laureate Eugene Fama,
Note:SOPRA

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If we look at the CEOs of major corporations, they seem to have pretty long time horizons. If we look at bosses who left S&P 500 companies in 2015, their average tenure in office was eleven years
Note:LAVORATORI DI LUNGO XIODO

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In information technology the average life of a corporate asset is measured at about six years, in health care it is about eleven years, and for consumer products it runs from twelve to fifteen years.
Note:IL LUNGO XIODO NEI FATTI

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American economy is shifting toward sectors with relatively short asset lives, many of them being service sectors. As a result, what we might need in many cases are more CEOs who are able to make the shift toward a shorter-term orientation.
Note:CI VORREBBE PIÙ SHORTERMISMO NN MENO

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What the data show is that in the U.S. economy, R&D expenditure relative to GDP has been roughly constant for about thirty years.
Note:UN INDICATORE DI VISIONE

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since services have been growing as a percentage of the American economy, and services R&D is harder to pull off with success, the trend can be read as a signal of a slightly positive overall trend.
Note:Ccccccccc

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venture capital typically is considered one of America’s big success stories, as I will discuss in chapter 7. American venture capital is highly sophisticated and skilled at taking risks for the prospect of a big payoff. But it is also, in some regards, oriented toward the short term. A venture capital round very often will be capped at ten years.
Note:IL CASO DEI VENTURE CHE SVILUPPANO E LANCIANO

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Sometimes I’ve heard or read claims that payouts to shareholders represent more than 90 percent of net income for firms in the S&P 500.
Note:ALTRA CRITICA CHE SPIEGHEREBBE L AMORE X IL SHORT

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The reality is that major companies are paying out to shareholders about 22 percent of their net income, which is not an unusual or unhealthy figure.
Note:NEI FATTI

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And money paid out to wealthy shareholders typically ends up invested in some other part of the economy.
SENZA DIRE

TASSA DI SUCCESSIONE

TASSA DI SUCCESSIONE

Sono favorevole.

Ma non quando muore un'individuo, bensì quando muore una famiglia.

NASCE IL PARTITO CATTOLICO (come l'ho sognato stanotte).

NASCE IL PARTITO CATTOLICO (come l'ho sognato stanotte).

Ecco la sua piattaforma (da sballo!):

1) Obiezione di coscienza a tutto campo (in modo da ostacolare pratiche come l’aborto e l'eutanasia).

2) Libertà d’espressione a tutto campo (in modo da salvaguardare i discorsi omofobi e sessisti, così comuni tra i cattolici).

3) Privatizzazione della scuola (in modo da favorire le scuole cattoliche e non solo).

4) Rinuncia all’otto per mille (in modo da garantire l’indipendenza della Chiesa).

5) Politiche pro-migrazione (in modo da aiutare gli ultimi in modo concreto).

6) Pacifismo (in modo da non ficcarsi nei guai).

7) Un welfare solo di cash transfert (in modo che ognuno segua il suo stile di vita. Tradotto: basta soldi agli asili affinché le donne lavorino!).

8 ) Tassa sul divorzio (in modo da irrobustire la società civile).

…

PUNTI PROGRAMMATI

Le battaglie che possono unire cristiani e libertari:

- Battaglia per l'obiezione di coscienza (per esempio contro l'aborto).
- Battaglia per la libertà di espressione (per esempio contro la censura contro i discorsi "omofobi").
- Battaglie pro immigrazione.
- Battaglia contro il welfare (che soppianta la famiglia).
- Battaglia contro le guerre umanitarie o di esportazione della democrazia
- Battaglia per la privatizzazione della scuola,
- continua

LINK Contro l'utilitarismo

While utilitarians often urge self-sacrifice, they rarely preach other-sacrifice.  But given their principles, they totally should!  Moller’...

prospect of exploiting others for the greater good thus terrifies us. Of course, it’s rare that harming innocents will produce much good, but it....

Esempio...

Grandma is a kindly soul who has saved up tens of thousands of dollars in cash over the years. One fine day you see her stashing it away under her mattress, and come to think that with just a little nudge you could cause her to fall and most probably die. You could then take her money, which others don’t know about, and redistribute it to those more worthy, saving...

Bottom line...

...The problem, then, is that most people don’t seem able to accept even that they ought to aspire to such behavior, let alone engage in it. ”  In other words, utilitarians don’t preach other-sacrifice, but fail to practice what they preach.  They barely even preach it!  Suspicious, to say the least...

Governing Least: What’s Really Wrong with Utilitarianism, by Bryan Caplan https://www.econlib.org/governing-least-whats-really-wrong-with-utilitarianism/

LAVORARE E’ BELLO

LAVORARE E’ BELLO
1) Il lavoro ti riempie la vita.
2) Il lavoro ti rende più felice.
3) Il lavoro dà equilibrio alla tua vita.
4) Il lavoro ti realizza.
5) Il lavoro ti rende indipendente.
6) Il lavoro ti fa socializzare e arricchisce le tue relazioni umane.
7) Il lavoro è un rifugio sicuro.
8) Il lavoro è un posto piacevole, specie per i più poveri.
9) Sul lavoro tutti sono più ipocriti e nessuno ti tratta male (come a casa).
10) Niente come il lavoro produce “flow”, ovvero la fonte della felicità.
11) Il lavoro migliora la tua salute mentale.
12) Il lavoro non stressa più del tempo libero.
13) Il lavoro è pieno di pause.
14) Il lavoro ti fa progredire.
15) Il lavoro ti consente di aiutare gli altri (se non sei ricco la tua generosità è sterile).
16) Per lavorare ti pagano.
17) Tutti questi benefici non dipendono dal fatto di avere un “bel lavoro”.
18)…

Capito perché non sono sorpreso se oggi la gente lavora mediamente più che negli anni sessanta?

4. IS WORK FUN?

4. IS WORK FUN?
Note:4@@@@@@@@@@@

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Worker exploitation is one of the oldest charges levied at capitalism,
Note:UN CLASSICO

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there is established evidence that unemployment is worse for your health than working.
Note:NONOSTANTE CHE...

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productive work is one of the most fulfilling sides of our lives. For the most part, it makes us happier, better adjusted, and better connected to the social world. It gives balance to our home lives. It helps us realize who we are as human beings. This is one of the subtler ways in which capitalism is a creator—namely, a creator of our better selves.
Note:TESI

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If you said to a friend (or, rather, an ex-friend), “Being with you is work,” it would not be an entirely positive comment.
Note:UNA PAROLA CON CONNOTATI POSITIVI

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Business is like the parent who tells you that you can’t have everything you want all the time.
Note:LA PEDAGOGIA DEL LAVORO

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Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman and economist Alan Krueger measure our “daily affective experiences” by having people wear beepers that go off at irregular intervals, at which time the people record what they are doing and their feelings.
Note:LO STUDIO

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The study thus considers both momentary pleasure and the overall feeling of satisfaction from a life well spent, because happiness isn’t just a single thing with a unidimensional scale.
Note:LE DUE FELICITÀ

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intimate relations, socializing, relaxing, and prayer/worship/meditation.
Note:RISULTATI....LE ATTIVITÀ PIÚ APPAGANTI

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watching TV, preparing food, and talking on the phone,
Note:IN MEZZO

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childcare, computer/email/internet, housework, working, and—dead last—commuting.
Note:IN FONDO

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But that doesn’t mean we don’t like work; it only means we like other things better.
Note:BICCHIERE MEZZO PIENO

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Consider also that the same data set shows people spending 6.9 hours a day working, whereas prayer/worship/meditation is done only about 24 minutes a day.
Note:INOLTRE

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Presumably that is because you are paid to work but not paid to pray.
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Furthermore, work is often an important pathway toward both intimate relations and socializing,
Note:INOLTRE

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women in this study were polled only on workdays. Had they been polled on weekends, perhaps work would seem a bit more welcome
Note:WEEK END

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Some of what we do, such as caring for our children, seems more important for lifetime satisfaction than for fun in the moment,
Note:ANALOGIA

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Work provides us with a lot of what we value in life, including affirmation of our social worth,
Note:REALIZZAZIONE

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Many jobs are creative: 82 percent of all workers report that their jobs consist mainly of “solving unforeseen problems on their own.”
Note:UN PATAMETRO SOTOSTIMATO

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Another way to think about the non-pay-related benefits of having a job is to consider the well-known and indeed sky-high personal costs of unemployment.
Note:COSTO OPPORTUNITÀ

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damages happiness and health well beyond what the lost income
Note:NN AVERE LAVORO

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Andrew E. Clark and Andrew J. Oswald,
Note:I DANNI DELLA DISOCC

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unemployment is worse for individual happiness than divorce
Note:TANTO X DIRE

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if we consider weekly work hours per American, that number rose from 22.34 in 1950 to 23.94 in 2000, hardly a sign of work falling out of fashion.
Note:PÙ LABORIOSI

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preferences for work haven’t declined nearly as much as commentators had been predicting earlier in the twentieth century.
Note:PREDIZIONI SMENTITE

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The economist John Maynard Keynes, writing in 1930, famously predicted that by 2030 most individuals would be working no more than fifteen hours a week.
Note:IL PROFETA

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he underestimated the pull of more money and the pleasures of work.
Note:L ERRORE

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he overestimated the value of leisure,
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A study by Sarah Damaske, Joshua M. Smyth, and Matthew J. Zawadzki asked 122 adults in a midsize American city in the Northeast to swab their cheeks six times a day to measure their levels of cortisol, which is considered to be a hormonal marker of stress levels.
Note:ANCHE LO STRESS DA LAVORO È UN MITO

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a majority of these individuals seemed to experience higher levels of stress at home than at work.
Note:Cccccccccccccccccc

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women were more likely to report feeling happier at work,
Note:LE BENEFICIATE

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the “work as a safe haven” effect was stronger for poorer people.
Note:SORPRESONA

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poorer individuals are more likely to have problems with divorce, spousal abuse, drug addiction in the family, children dropping out of school, and a variety of other fairly common social problems.
Note:POSSIBIL SPIEGAZIONE

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workplace, however, is a partial equalizer here.
Note:Cccccccccccccc

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poorer individuals found relatively greater solace in the workplace than did the richer individuals.
Note:STA DI FATTO CHE

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in terms of psychological stresses, a lot of corporations are creating “safe spaces” for individuals who otherwise are facing some pretty seriously bad situations.
Note:È UN FATTO

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the Kahneman and Krueger research generates a broadly similar result.
Note:UNA CONFERMA AUTOREVOLE

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The positive affect associated with the workday is not closely related to the features we usually associate with a “good” job.
Note:NN È UNA QUESTIONE DI BEL LAVORO

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Here’s a simple and probably familiar story from Elizabeth Bernstein, writing in the Wall Street Journal. This narrative reflects how important work can be as a refuge and a hiding place:
Note:IL RIFIGIO

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measure how much work time is associated with a feeling of “flow.”
Note:UN ALTRO MODO X VERIFICARE IL NESSO LAVORO HENESSERE

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Hungarian American psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi,
Note:IL PADRE DEL FLOW

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an integrated, dynamic feeling resulting from processing stimuli, responding to changes in a developing situation, and solving problems with some measure of success.
Note:DEFINIZIONE...PENSA A QUANDO GIOCHI A TENNIS...LA MENTE È IMPEGNATA IN QLCS DI NN FACILE CHE È IMPORTANTE

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sensation of flow is correlated with higher levels of motivation, cognitive efficiency, activation, and satisfaction.
Note:IL NESSO

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almost every night I felt real joy at wrapping a package of plums with great speed and efficiency, or putting the bananas away and giving the cart that little extra push into the refrigerator, with more speed than perhaps my manager would have found appropriate.
Note:IL FLOW DEL MAGAZZINIERE

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The data show that work tends to promote a state of flow.
Note:TESI

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One study looked at workers from five large companies in Chicago.
Note:LO STUDIO CHIAVE...VEDI SOTTO

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the individuals spent more time in the flow state while they were working than when they were doing leisure activities.
Note:DATO SPERIMENTALE

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most dimensions of experience were higher during the flow state, including motivation, activation, concentration, creativity, and satisfaction.
Note:INOLTRE

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work often provides a significant amount of social validation.
Note:XCHÈ TANTA FELICITÀ

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the spouse and children and extended family are not always and in every way entirely grateful.
Note:AMBIENTE PIÙ STILE DOVE NN TE LO ASPETTI...IN FAMIGLIA MENO IPOCROSIA

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Work in some ways offers more approbation.
Note:RIPETIAMOLO

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Americans work with dozens or even hundreds of people, and they may have contact with a large number of customers or suppliers
Note:IL NUMERO CONTA

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Work also can be satisfying because you’re paid to do it.
Note:PICOLO PARTICOLARE

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If there is one thing we should have learned from Donald Trump’s 2016 campaign, it is that Americans want jobs. Trump’s rhetoric was directed toward jobs, jobs, jobs, and he didn’t talk much at all about redistribution or welfare.
Note:USA UE

Yellow highlight | Location: 1,159

That is also one reason I have moved away from the idea of a guaranteed annual income;
Note:AMMISSIONE

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Work provides us with a tangible sense of progress, of improving.
Note:ALTRO PUNTO

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when we’re not moving up, we have something to aspire to.
Note:Cccccccccccc

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Work also provides people with access to human relationships.
Note:ALTRO PUNTO

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your work colleagues are not supposed to get too angry at you in public, they are not supposed to cry, and they are not supposed to burden you with all of their deepest or darkest desires, demanding that you clear up the mysteries of the universe for them.
Note:IL DOLCE CUSCINETTO DELL IPOCRISIA

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work also can be an important vehicle for helping others.
Note:ALTRO PUNTO

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earn millions or billions and give it away;
Note:SE SEI UN GENEROSSO NESSUNO SE NE ACCORGEREBBE SENZA IL TUO LAVORO

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people choose jobs that help other people:
Note:IN ALTRI CASI.ES IL MEDICO

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Many employers go out of their way to make their companies sources of worker dignity and satisfaction,
Note:UNA COMPETIZIONE VIRTUOSA

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ALL IS NOT PERFECT
Note:Tttttttttt

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sexual harassment in the workplace
Note:UN FENOMNO RECENTE

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the possibility of working outside the home has given women many more options for greater independence and reduced the net harassment
Note:IPOTESI

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Second, harassment appears to be at least as common outside the corporate sector as in it.
Note:INOLTRE...PENSA ALLA POLITICA

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It is striking that the first harassers to have to resign or otherwise cede power have been in the corporate world, not in politics.
Note:NN SI SGARRA

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The culture of Washington also creates a worse environment for harassment whistleblowers than in the corporate world.
Note:Ccccccccccc

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Unlike in Hollywood, the women in Washington with power tend to be older, and the younger women
Note:ALTRA DIFFERENZA

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a company with a history of harassing female employees has to pay a wage premium
Note:LA COMPETIZIONE

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DO COMPANIES OPPRESS WORKERS THROUGH THEIR ECONOMIC MARKET POWER?
Note:Tttttttttttttt

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critics, such as the philosopher Elizabeth Anderson, argue that workplace relations are fundamentally those of power and coercion,
Note:GERARCHIA

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I see strong competitive pressures to treat workers better.
Note:LA MEDICINA

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The major reason wage growth has been so slow for decades is relatively slow productivity growth, not the power of employers.
Note:LA COLPA DEI BASSI SALARI

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If the boss buys a comfy chair for you or gives you a flexible schedule, those are in essence forms of compensation, but you are not paying any income or Social Security taxes on them.
Note:I FRINGE NN TASSATI LIMITANO LA MOBILITÀ E FIDELIZZANO IL LAVORATORE...ALLA FINE METÀ DLLO STIPENDIO FRINGE

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bosses treat workers too well and pay them too little.
Note:RISULTATO FINALE

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The particularities of health insurance, retirement benefits, and immigration status are often too closely tied to particular jobs, largely as artifacts of regulation and tax law.
Note:XCHÈ È DIFFICILE CAMBIARE LAVORO...SPESSO NN È COLPA DEL BUSINESS

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companies have the right to fire workers for their Facebook or other social media postings.
Note:ACCUSA...POCA LIBERTÀ INTELLETTUALE X IL LAVORATORE

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Unfortunately, a lot of workers put racist, sexist, or otherwise discomfiting comments and photos on their Facebook pages, on Twitter, or elsewhere. When employers fire them, very often it is to protect the freedom of the other workers
Note:MA L IMPRESA È DIFENDIBILE

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the evidence indicates that the gains for workers and customers from a fairly high degree of firing discretion—not just the gains for bosses—outweigh those costs.
Note:LICENZIAMENTI DISCREZIONALI

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look at co-ops owned and run by their workers, or worker-managed firms,
Note:NN C È PIÙ LIBERTÀ X I LAVORATORI

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labor-managed partnerships often give their workers less personal freedom.
Note:Cccccccccccc

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legal partnerships expected their owner-members to adhere to some fairly strict social and professional codes, including outside the workplace. Those were codes of dress, behavior, and public manners.
ESEMPIO

IDENTITA'

IDENTITA’

Non ho ancora capito se sia politicamente corretto parlarne. A volte sembra un tabù, altre volte un legittimo orgoglio.

Forse esistono due teorie sull’identità:

1) Identità per esprimere chi sono e rendermi “prevedibile”: cosa mi piace, in cosa sono bravo…

2) Identità come appartenenza: qual è il mio posto, con chi mi alleo...

La prima piace a sinistra ed è politicamente corretta, la seconda piace a destra ed è tabù.

Se dico che sono un tennista (mi piace il tennis), l’uomo dabbene resta tranquillo e prende nota. Se dico che mi sento un maschio bianco, l’uomo dabbene si insospettisce e si mette sulla difensiva.

http://www.overcomingbias.com/2019/04/identity-norms.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfHbsMa_wao

SPENDERE BENE

SPENDERE BENE

Ci credo che non vedi una relazione tra soldi e felicità: spendi male!

Otto consigli per “comprarsi” la felicità:

1) Liberati da compiti spiacevoli facendoli fare ad altri. Pulizia, lavanderia, stiratura, riparazione auto, assistenza infanzia, dichiarazione dei redditi… Sono tutte attività appaltabili.

2) Utilizza l’usa e getta a volontà, è comodissimo! Specie piatti, tazze e utensileria varia. Se la tua coscienza ambientale soffre puoi fare una donazione per compensare.

3) La principale fonte di felicità è una piacevole interazione sociale. Usa i soldi per facilitarle. Se devi passare ore a preparare e pulire per qualsiasi incontro, probabilmente perdi tutto quello che guadagni. Fallo fare ad altri, magari organizzando i tuoi incontri fuori casa, per esempio al ristorante o in altri piacevoli luoghi pubblici.

4) Non comprare nulla per impressionare gli altri. Tanto gli altri ti cagano molto meno di quel che pensi. Anzi, proprio zero. Usa quanto risparmi per finanziare gli altri punti.

6) Spendi per divertirti: film, luna park, feste, gite, spettacoli, concerti… Una bella “emozione forte” annulla tutto il resto.

7) Insonorizza le stanze di casa. Ascoltare la musica degli altri o i bambini schiamazzanti, alla lunga rende esausti.

8) Trovati un lavoro, magari meno remunerativo ma più vicino casa: il pendolare si consuma a fuoco lento. Oppure anche solo un lavoro più piacevole.

https://www.econlib.org/more-bang-for-your-buck-or-better-ways-to-buy-your-happiness/