MMT HA UN PROBLEMA

Riccardo Mariani

Adesso · 

MMT HA UN PROBLEMA

Come mai esistono paesi in iper-inflazione e iper-disoccupazione?

THENATION.COM

The Rock-Star Appeal of Modern Monetary Theory

The Sanders generation and a new economic idea.

Salva

Iperinflazione e disoccupazione

Inflation, MMT’s proponents contend, can be controlled through taxation, and only becomes a problem at full employment...

... MMT stands for “modern monetary theory,” which is the doctrine that because the government prints money, it can spend whatever it wants. I would accept this, but with a caveat. I would say

the government can spend whatever it wants. . .until it can’t.

This changes everything, because the prospect of reaching the point where “it can’t” some time in the future constrains what is prudent to do today.

To me, the hyperinflation in Venezuela exemplifies what happens when a country reaches the “it can’t” point. The country is not at full employment. But the government can’t seem to spend its way out of difficulty. Somebody should ask these MMT rock stars about the Venezuela example.

https://feedly.com/i/entry/Nkn6RK6HwBgWrvMj84SxHg63I5Wn8O87ZvoPCQT30Mw=_1665d7edd67:2d6586:ff468023

L’ORIGINE DELL’INDIGNAZIONE MODERNA

Riccardo Mariani

5 min · 

L’ORIGINE DELL’INDIGNAZIONE MODERNA

Uomo/Donna, Nero/Bianco, Omo/Etero, Libero/Determinato… Sono dicotomie che se commenti sbagliando la parolina ti ritrovi subito al rogo. Impossibile negarlo. Ma impossibile negare anche che chi rischia roghi di questo genere si veda come un martire della Verità sottaciuta e sempre velata da un' odiosa ipocrisia. Il suo motto è quello dei partecipanti all’Isola dei Famosi: sincerità e trasparenza innanzitutto.

Né l’appello alla trasparenza, né i roghi sempre accesi fanno capire molto. La tessera che manca per ricomporre il puzzle è quella del PENSIERO ESOTERICO.

Il pensiero esoterico (solo certe élite, per il bene comune, possono accedere a certe verità) è stato sempre centrale nel funzionamento delle società umane, costituendo con i suoi tabù il pilone centrale dell’edificio comunitario; in un certo senso veniva dato per scontato da tutti. Oggi ci sembra inaccettabile poiché siamo figli dell’Illuminismo, ovvero di una visione che lo bandì ufficialmente, sebbene ufficiosamente continuò a praticarlo per necessità pragmatiche.

Ma la contemporaneità digitale ha fatto un passo oltre: bando ufficiale, pratica ufficiosa e iper-informazione sono una miscela esplosiva che genera quello strano prodotto che è l’ “indignazione” compulsiva dei leoni da tastiera. Da dove viene? Il dilettante – ormai forgiato secondo i canoni dell’Illuminismo e della Scienza - approfondisce grazie alle molte fonti oggi disponibili, si rende conto del cumulo di “ipocrisie” e “reticenze” che circondano certi temi “delicati” e si indigna trasformandosi in PALADINO DELLA VERITA’ oppure in uno SMASCHERATORE DI MENZOGNE. Il lavaggio del cervello praticato dall’illuminismo non gli fa nemmeno sospettare l’ipotesi esoterica sottostante.

PRESS.UCHICAGO.EDU

Philosophy Between the Lines

Philosophical esotericism—the practice of communicating one’s unorthodox thoughts “between the lines”—was a common practice until the end of the eighteenth century. The famous Encyclopédie of Diderot, for instance, not only discusses this practice in over twenty different articles, but ad...

ESATTEZZA O RIGORE?

ESATTEZZA O RIGORE?

Cosa rende "scientifico" un pensiero: esattezza o rigore?

Chi dialoga si polarizza

effetti perversi del dialogo

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/08/27/1804840115

OBIEZIONE DI COSCIENZA E DIRITTI CIVILI

Riccardo Mariani

1 min · 

OBIEZIONE DI COSCIENZA E DIRITTI CIVILI

Sono incompatibili: o uno o l’altro. La prima è di fatto una libertà associativa (o meglio, dissociativa), è la libertà di scegliersi gli amici e i collaboratori. I secondi sono invece un’ “amicizia civile” imposta: non puoi rifiutarti di fare certi affari con certe persone!

AMAZON.COM

Opting Out: Conscience and Cooperation in a Pluralistic Society: Conscience and Cooperation in a Pluralistic Society

Should people with deeply held objections to certain practices be allowed to opt out of involvement with them? Should a Christian baker who objects to homosexuality be allowed to deny service to a customer seeking a cake for a gay wedding? Should a Catholic nurse be able to refuse to contribute t...

VOLENDO PROPRIO TROVARE UN COLLEGAMENTO TRA I DUE

Riccardo Mariani

Adesso · 

VOLENDO PROPRIO TROVARE UN COLLEGAMENTO TRA I DUE

Il neo-Nobel Nordhaus ha mostrato come l’innovatore catturi solo il 3% del valore che crea.

Il neo-Nobel Romer ha spiegato perché, nonostante questo, non smetta di innovare.

Innovazione endogena

Romer’s insight is that inventions are nonrival, yes, but they are also partially excludable, via secrecy, patents, or other means. In his blockbuster 1990 JPE Endogenous Technological Change, he lets inventions be given an infinite patent, but also be partially substitutable by other inventions, constraining price (this is just a Spence-style monopolistic competition model). The more inventions there are, the more efficiently final goods can be made. Future researchers can use present technology as an input to their invention for free. Invention is thus partially excludable in the sense that my exact invention is “protected” from competition, but also spills over to other researchers by making it easier for them to invent other things. Inventions are therefore neither public nor private goods, and also not “club goods” (nonrival but excludable) since inventors cannot exclude future inventors from using their good idea to motivate more invention. Since there is free entry into invention, the infinite stream of monopoly rents from inventions is exactly equal to their opportunity cost...

Policy x favorire la crescita ...  the idea that institutions and not just economic fundamentals affect growth – meaning laws, culture, and so on – is a massive field of research at present. ...

How We Create and Destroy Growth: A Nobel for Romer and Nordhaus https://afinetheorem.wordpress.com/2018/10/08/how-we-create-and-destroy-growth-a-nobel-for-romer-and-nordhaus/

HL 7 Policy guidelines: time for parliaments and courts to take notice

Policy guidelines: time for parliaments and courts to take notice

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7@@@@@@@@@

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How to take freedom of conscience seriously without harming others
Note:Tttttttttttt

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anti-discrimination laws.
Note:L OSTACOLO ALLA COSCIENZA

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If a gay couple wants a wedding cake and a Christian baker refuses to supply it on religious or ethical grounds, then any public body somehow involved could be legally entitled to penalise the baker because the refusal would allegedly put the couple at a socio-economic disadvantage.
Note:OGGI IN GB SI GUARDA ALLA DISEGUAGLIANZA SOCIO ECONOMICA

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Consider again the men-only clubs in London.
Note:COME SUPERARE L OSTACOLO

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in a way that equally protects all of the fundamental rights recognised in liberal society, in particular freedom of religion
Note:OCCORRE ALLARGARE I DIRITTI INTERESSATI DALL EGUAGLIANZA

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One might hope, though, that there was a way of reframing or reinterpreting the equality laws
Note:NECESSITÀ

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If A has full and fair access to the service elsewhere, there can be no obligation on B to provide it if he really does object on conscience grounds.
Note:IL PUNTO CHIAVE

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Does the UK need a Religious Freedom Restoration Act? Something like the American RFRA
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The point is that there is no way freedom of religion and conscience can adequately be protected if the mere fact that the government enacted a general law advancing some interest (whether a genuine interest or only something in which the government was interested) meant that this freedom had to take second place.
Note:DIGNITÀ PARITARIA

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In a liberal society, the government is not supposed to play favourites.
Note:SANTA ALLEANZA TRA RELIGIOSI E LIBERALUSMO

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General statutory guidelines
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Private Member’s Bill
Note:LEGGE GB X PROTEGGERE L OBIEZIONE

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Respect for Rights of Conscience Bill, drafted
Note:USA

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If we are to avoid piecemeal protections, as I submit we should, then we need legislation that is broader than these examples
Note:NECESSITÀ DI PRINCIPI

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The role of case law
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It is the wisdom of the judges to which we should be looking for interpretation of a term such as ‘cooperation’,
Note:MEGLIO LASCIARE ALCUNI TERMINI NDEFINITI

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Over time, a body of case law on cooperation would develop, with all the machinery of judicial precedent behind it.
Note:COMMON LAW

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For an extreme example, the mere threat of losing a day’s pay is enough to justify remote, dispensable cooperation in abortion, such as maintaining hygiene on an abortion ward. By contrast, it would take a very grave reason – a threat to one’s very livelihood, say – to justify booking patients in for potentially very harmful cosmetic surgery done for purely aesthetic reasons.
Note:ESEMPI DI SAGGEZZA

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Sincerity is not enough
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beliefs can be outlandish and risible by any reasonable standard,
Note:NN ALLARGHIAMOCI TROPPO...SATANISTI

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Where sincerity is not enough, however, is in the determination of how involved a conscientious objector may be in the actions of others, given the objector’s sincere beliefs.
Note:DOVE LA SINCERITÀ NN BASTA PIÙ

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Conclusion
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freedom of religion and freedom of conscience generally need to be put on a sound statutory
Note:RIEPILOGO ESIGENZE DA SODDISFARE

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These freedoms extend not only to direct participation in actions
DUE...IL CONCETTO DI COOP

L'ottimismo dell'innovatore

Why do innovators work so cheaply? One possible reason is alluded to by Nordhaus himself: excess optimism. Nordhaus suggests that over-optimism might explain the late 1990s tech-market equity bubble. The social gains from innovation were in fact very large, but the ability of investors to capture more than a small sliver of these gains – rather than see these gains flow to consumers in the form of lower prices and improved products – proved undoable.

https://cafehayek.com/2004/10/what_a_bargain.html

SOGNI DI GLORIA E CULTURA DELLA SPERANZA
L’innovatore cattura solo il 2% del valore che crea. Lo dice il neo Nobel William Nordhaus in uno dei suoi lavori più famosi.
Ma perché lavora così tanto per così poco?
Sogni di gloria. Evidentemente, quell’ avidità e quell’ ottimismo eccessivo che gonfia le bolle e le fa scoppiare è alla base anche del nostro benessere poiché mette in moto i cervelli più geniali.

Cerchiamo di compensare una parte di questo preoccupante gap con una cultura che conferisca prestigio all’innovatore, anche se talvolta significa rendere omaggio al super-ricco che noi siamo abituati ad odiare.

POST Imposta negativa, non reddito minimo

Per non scoraggiare il lavoro e non morire soffocati da burocrazia

https://epistemes.org/2018/10/08/working-poor-allamericana-credito-dimposta-che-non-disincentiva-il-lavoro/

HL 6 Freedom of conscience: how far can it go?

Freedom of conscience: how far can it go?
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Pluralism to the rescue?
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Equality and anti-discrimination laws
Note:STRUMENTI DELLA SOCIETÁ LIBERALE

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Trade-offs are unavoidable,
Note:INEVITABILE

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When it comes to freedom of religion and conscience, what we now see are laws and court decisions that (a) impinge upon matters of fundamental principle and (b) constitute an ongoing, systematic pattern of reducing those freedoms to things with little substance or meaning.
Note:LA RELIGUONE VIEPPIÙ MINIMIZZATA DALKE CORTI

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religious believers are increasingly on the back foot
Note:ULTIMA RUOTA

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We will see further debates about ‘neuro-enhancers’, e.g. drugs that give people a ‘cognitive advantage’ over others, and other forms of bio-enhancement and life-extension technology.
Note:IN FUTURO IL PROBLEMA È DESTINATO AD ALLARGARSI

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What, then, is the meaning of pluralism?
Note:DI CERTO NN PUÒ VOLER DIRE CHE IL TUO CREDO È ecc RRILEVANTE

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A liberal state, on any reasonable conception, is not a secular authoritarian state.
Note:...ATRIMENTI È AUTORITARISMO

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where the line is drawn
Note:OFFRIREMO ALCUNI PRINCIPI

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conscientious objection is presumed to be sincere unless proven otherwise.
Note:PRIMA FACIE...PRIMO PRINCIPIO

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what is objected to genuinely belongs to a religious or ethical code
Note:TERZA PRIMA FACIE....NN FILOSOFEGGIARE TROPPO

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what is objected to is something over which there is a history of dispute
Note:ALTRO ELEMENTO

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freedom of religion and conscience, at least where health care is concerned, primarily governs refraining from
Note:QUARTO....ASTENERSI È PIÙ TUTELATO DEL FARE...PRINCIPIO CHIAVE...VEDI TRADE OFF TRA DIRITTO AD ABORTIRE E DIRITTO AD ASTENERSI

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When a conscientious objector asks to refrain from involvement in some practice, that does not – as I will emphasise shortly – prevent the other person, such as the patient, from being subject to that practice
Note:LA RAGIONE È EVIDENTE

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Consider the horrific practice of female genital mutilation.
Note:CASO SCASSI IN CUI SI CHIEDELIBERTÁ DI FATE

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freedom of conscience and religion applies only if the protection afforded the objector does not entail that they behave in a way that is clearly inconsistent with exercise of their profession.

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SESTO PRINCIPIO....LIMITE...ESSENZA DELLA PROFESSIONE

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sincere belief that curing patients or doing anything to improve their physical welfare is wrong.
Note:CHI CREDE A QS NN PUÓ FARE IOL MEDICO!!!!!!!

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Freedom of dissociation
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freedom of association.
Note:LA PIÙ IMPORTANTE LIBERTÀ

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the right to choose your friends,
Note:IL DIRITTO NELLA SUA ESSENZA

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choose your spouse
Note:ESEMPIO

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choose where you live,
Note:CCCCCCCC

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freedom of contract,
Note:COLLEGATI

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totalitarianism is a likely consequence.
Note:SENZA DIRITTO DI ASSOCIARSI

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coercion of membership
Note:TIPICO DELLE SOC TOTALITARIE

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freedom of association is a fundamental right,
Note:CONCLUSIONE

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freedom of dissociation.
Note:L EQUIVALENTE ROVESCIATO

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Just as I am free to choose my friends, so I am free to drop them;
Note:ES

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I suggest that freedom of religion and conscience in a liberal society can be looked at as a manifestation or aspect of the fundamental freedom of dissociation
Note:TESI

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the broader freedom of dissociation that liberalism ought to accept as basic.
Note:LIBERALISMO E DISSOCIAZIONE

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I have no right to pressure you to make friends with certain people
Note:ESEMPIO

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I have no right to force you to go and watch the yearly Gay Pride parade.
Note:ESEMPIO

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the anti-liberal drift
Note:MAREA

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if the law requires a person to sell their goods and services to another person (under pain of severe financial penalty), even though they object on conscientious grounds to doing so, why shouldn’t the law also require a person to work for another person even though they object, on conscientious grounds, to working for that person?
Note:I PARADOSSI CHE SI CREANO VIOLANDO IL DIRITTO DI ASSOCIAZIONE

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For what it is worth, forced labour has long been condemned by the International Labour Organization, in conventions dating back to 1930 and 1957.
Note:SI ARRIVA ALO SCHIAVISMO!!!!

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Suppose we were in the unlikely situation where the gay couple could not find another guest house
Note:CASO ESTREMO

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In that case, given the assumption that both sides had an equal entitlement to have their rights respected
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a coin toss looks like the only solution.
Note:SOLUZIONE

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When monopoly is coercion
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Monopolies are inherently coercive.
Note:TESI

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We probably all agree that, in general, monopolies are an economically bad thing.
Note:PUNTO DI PARTENZA

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The National Health Service is a virtual monopoly supplier.
Note:IN GB

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if you want to work as a doctor, nurse or other mainstream health practitioner, it is almost certain you will have to work for the NHS.
Note:CONSEGUENZA

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it is very hard to exercise your freedoms when you have no other place to go.
Note:CONSEGUENZA SECONDA

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Suppose, however, that there were no (virtual) monopoly on health
Note:CONTROFATTUALE

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Because there is a far more expansive private health sector in the US than in the UK, there is already far more employment choice
Note:US VS UK

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The Satanist nurse
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Consider the Satanist nurse who refuses to treat Christians because it goes against her Satanist code of conduct.
Note:UN CASO DIFFICILE

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The remedy would be for every hospital to make it abundantly clear what kinds of treatment they provided and whether their patient base was universal or restricted.
Note:POSSIBILE VIA D USCITA...L ESSENZA DELLA PROFESSIONE

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there should be no conscience protection for objectors not wanting to be involved in activities that are manifestly ‘part and parcel’ of the medical profession.
Note:IL PRINCIPIO

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Suppose the Satanist’s views were bound up with her attitude to the ethics of euthanasia; suppose she had a story to tell about the need to let elderly and terminally ill Christians ‘meet their Maker’ rather than treat them, or some such.
Note:UN CASO PIÙ DIFFICILE

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if there really were only one Satanist health-care worker with no Satanist support to rely on, it would, alas, be bad luck: if the person in that society is so idiosyncratic in their beliefs as to find themselves out on a limb, they might just have to make some sacrifices
Note:SENZA UNA TRADIZIONE L OB È PROBLEMATICA

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Sex and race
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cases involving race, gender or sexual orientation
Note:CASI SIMILI

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Should we be going back to the bad old days when signs were found outside shops saying ‘We don’t serve blacks’ or ‘We don’t serve Jews’ or ‘Irish need not apply’?
Note:IL RISCHIO DELLA LIBERTÀ DI ASSOCIAZIONE

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In contemporary liberal society with a reasonably free market in goods and services, in fact, dissociation might lead to a thriving market in guest houses for gay couples (only gay and also mixed), and perhaps also in guest houses for Christians.
Note:ESITO DIVERSO

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for instance, male-only clubs are still legal in the UK but there has been a surge in female-only clubs in upscale parts of London.
Note:ESITI SIMILARI

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still legal in the UK to refuse membership to a club or association on grounds of, among other characteristics, religion or ethnic origin,
Note:ESEMPIO

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What kind of society?
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An objector will probably claim that all my talk about full and fair access, and the usefulness of private markets, is completely missing the point.
Note:probabilmente un obbiettore non sarebbe d'accordo con il nostro freddo resoconto

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It is not, they will say, about second-class standards but about the kind of society we want to live in,
Note:LE VERE RAGIONI

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The governments of pluralistic societies, as well as many liberal-minded citizens, want people to be happy together, not apart.
Note:IL SOGNO UTOPICO DELL'OBBIETTORE INGENUO

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It is not clear to me why civic friendship, if I can put it that way, is especially different in this regard from personal friendship.
Note:IL MIO PUNTO

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Other than that, I contend, we are – to put it in a slightly negative form – free to be left alone. I am not averse to calling the freedom of dissociation the ‘right to be left alone’
LEFT ALONE

FORTUNA, INVIDIA E GIUSTIZIA

Riccardo Mariani

1 min · 

E anche quest'anno arriva la Domenica con una lettura evangelica speciale, quella che giustifica la diseguaglianza arbitraria.

Vangelo secondo Matteo 20, 1-16

In quel tempo. Il Signore Gesù disse: «Il regno dei cieli è simile a un padrone di casa che uscì all’alba per prendere a giornata lavoratori per la sua vigna. Si accordò con loro per un denaro al giorno e li mandò nella sua vigna. Uscito poi verso le nove del mattino, ne vide altri che stavano in piazza, disoccupati, e disse loro: “Andate anche voi nella vigna; quello che è giusto ve lo darò”. Ed essi andarono. Uscì di nuovo verso mezzogiorno, e verso le tre, e fece altrettanto. Uscito ancora verso le cinque, ne vide altri che se ne stavano lì e disse loro: “Perché ve ne state qui tutto il giorno senza far niente?”. Gli risposero: “Perché nessuno ci ha presi a giornata”. Ed egli disse loro: “Andate anche voi nella vigna”.
Quando fu sera, il padrone della vigna disse al suo fattore: “Chiama i lavoratori e da’ loro la paga, incominciando dagli ultimi fino ai primi”. Venuti quelli delle cinque del pomeriggio, ricevettero ciascuno un denaro. Quando arrivarono i primi, pensarono che avrebbero ricevuto di più. Ma anch’essi ricevettero ciascuno un denaro. Nel ritirarlo, però, mormoravano contro il padrone dicendo: “Questi ultimi hanno lavorato un’ora soltanto e li hai trattati come noi, che abbiamo sopportato il peso della giornata e il caldo”. Ma il padrone, rispondendo a uno di loro, disse: “Amico, io non ti faccio torto. Non hai forse concordato con me per un denaro? Prendi il tuo e vattene. Ma io voglio dare anche a quest’ultimo quanto a te: non posso fare delle mie cose quello che voglio? Oppure tu sei invidioso perché io sono buono?”. Così gli ultimi saranno primi e i primi, ultimi».

Papa Francesco, prendi nota

https://www.ft.com/content/e3fa475c-c2e9-11e8-95b1-d36dfef1b89a?emailId=5bb1a5ff2c91a600040730ff&segmentId=22011ee7-896a-8c4c-22a0-7603348b7f22

ABORTO E OBIEZIONE

Riccardo Mariani

Adesso · 

ABORTO E OBIEZIONE

In un conflitto tra diritti quello omissivo prevale su quello attivo, almeno in una società liberale. Perché? Perché solo il primo massimizza le opportunità.

Esempio: diritto ad abortire e diritto all’obiezione sono in chiaro conflitto. Prevale il secondo perché omissivo, ovvero e lascia maggiori alternative alla controparte una volta che viene rispettato.

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07G2HYRJX