mercoledì 11 maggio 2016
Human Enhancement by Julian Savulescu, Nick Bostrom
martedì 10 maggio 2016
Strategie anto doping
Naturally, sporting authorities wish to change the incentives and so they test athletes and hand out bans to those who break the rules. One might think that such tests largely resolve the prisoner’s dilemma. But an analysis published last year by three economists, Berno Buechel, Eike Emrich and Stefanie Pohlkamp, suggests otherwise. Game theory is a clever tool but the risk is that the theorist misses some bigger game. Buechel and colleagues argue that the bigger game in this case isn’t just between the athletes and the sporting authorities, but involves sports fans. The sad truth is that sports fans aren’t necessarily providing the right incentives.
Fans, understandably, do not like drug scandals: news that another sprinter has been caught taking steroids or another cyclist has been found using the blood-enhancer EPO does nothing to enhance the reputation of these sports. That typically means lower box-office takings, smaller broadcast revenues and less money from sponsors.
But what constitutes a drug “scandal”? It’s not the doping itself: that’s the offence, not the scandal. The scandal doesn’t break until the offence becomes public knowledge
Sochi Olympics has had two clever features. First, samples are being kept for 10 years. The usual reason given for this is that it may allow new and improved detection methods to catch cheats after the event, but there is nice side benefit: sporting authorities have more incentive to catch historical cheats than current cheats, because doing so presents an attractive image of a sport that is making progress.
Second, the IOC took great pains to describe the increased numbers of drug tests that would be conducted during the games – up by more than 14 per cent from the tests during the Vancouver Winter Olympics. We’re invited not to think of the failed drugs tests but all the tests that have passed. The real target for such announcements is not the athlete. It’s the sports fan.
john list sugli stereotipi
'via Blog this'
“This is a Type II error but people still believe in the theory of stereotype threat. I think that there are a lot of reasons why it does not occur. So while I believe in priming, I am not convinced that stereotype threat is important
lunedì 9 maggio 2016
Penumbra
- Most libertarians accept the validity of IQ
- Libertarians have favorable views of home schooling
- population growth has major economic benefits because people are "the ultimate resource."
- tolerance and libertarianism are highly correlated, and it's no coincidence.
- I argued that the my views on parenting and kids can and should enter the libertarian penumbra
- Imho: tolleranza x l egoismo e l individualismo
- Imho: amoralismo
Perché tanti cattolici linkano Fusaro
… prima eravamo poveri, poi scoprimmo il capitalismo e diventammo ricchi…
venerdì 6 maggio 2016
Le vie della misericordia sono infinite
- meglio aiutare una persona col cuore o dieci con la ragione?
- E’ possibile essere buoni senza saperlo?
- Benjamin Franklin/Joe Smith. Volendo essere d’aiuto Ben Franklin trascurò le sofferenze che co circondavano e preferì lasciare alla sua morte un fondo di 2000 sterline vincolato per 200 anni. Nel 1990 il fondo venne liquidato registrando un incremento di 37 volte. Con una simile cifra si potè far fronte a molti bisogni presso presso i popoli più indigenti. Il suo amico e filantropo Joe Smith, al contrario, era troppo sensibile alla vita tribolata dei coloni più poveri e donò generosamente il suo capitale di 2000 sterline salvando più vite possibile, anche se nel complesso furono molte meno rispetto a quelle salvate da un freddo calcolatore come Ben. Domanda: nel Giubileo della Misericordia meglio omaggiare Ben o Joe?
- Norman Barlaug/Madre Teresa. Barlaug, il chimico padre della “rivoluzione verde”, di fatto salvò molte più vite rispetto a Madre Teresa che, come tutti noi sappiamo, si prodigò in modo esemplare a questo fine. Non che Barlaug si disinteressasse del suo prossimo, semplicemente riteneva astrattamente che il modo migliore per curarsi di lui è far bene il proprio lavoro. Domanda: in occasione del Giubileo meglio omaggiare Norman o Teresa?
A Test of Dominant Assurance Contracts
'via Blog this'
- In an assurance contract people pledge to fund a public good if and only if enough others pledge to fund the public good.
- Since no money is paid unless the total pledges are high enough to fund the public good, assurance contracts remove the fear that your contribution will be wasted
- What a dominant assurance contract adds is that the entrepreneur agreeing to produce the public good if k or more pledge also agrees that if fewer than k pledge he will pay a prize to those who did pledge.
giovedì 5 maggio 2016
Bambini e divorzio
Utero in affitto. Perché no (?).
- Obiezione del sacro. Alcune cose hanno un valore intrinseco che la negoziazione oscura per mettere in risalto il valore strumentale.
- Obiezione della dignità. Alcune compra-vendite ledono la dignità di alcuni se non di tutti i soggetti coinvolti.
- Obiezione dell’egoismo. Vivere in una società che mercifica tutto ci rende più egoisti.
- Obiezione dello spiazzamento. Dove il soldo prevale le motivazioni interiori vengono lentamente erose.
- Obiezione delle preferenze. Dove tutto si puo’ comprare le nostre preferenze tenderanno a corrompersi fino a cadere in tentazione.
- Obiezione della qualità. Se pagati, certi servizi perdono la loro purezza e quindi la loro qualità originaria.
- Obiezione civica. Quando predomina la mercificazione l’impegno civico si degrada.
Mangiate la balena SAGGIO
mercoledì 4 maggio 2016
The Keynesian Model is not a Big Government or Small Government Model
The Keynesian Model is not a Big Government or Small Government Model, by David Henderson http://econlog.econlib.org/archives/2016/05/the_keynesian_m_1.html
If the government raises taxes during booms and lowers them during busts, or decreases government spending during booms and reduces government spending during busts, there is no built-in growth of government from following the policy implications of the Keynesian model.
If you could convince me that it [the Keynesian model] worked in a technical sense, I'd immediately favor tax cuts in recessions and tax increases in booms
martedì 3 maggio 2016
In Defense of Defensive Violence against Government Agents By Jason Brennan
OIn Defense of Defensive Violence against Government Agents By Jason Brennan
the parity thesis: Whenever it would be morally permissible to kill a civilian in self-defense or in defense of others against that civilian’s unjust acts, it would also be permissible to kill government officials, including police officers,
permissible, even and perhaps especially in reasonably just democratic regimes.
Andrew Altman and Christopher Wellman say, “Surely, it would have been permissible for somebody to assassinate Stalin in the 1930s.”If so, is it also permissible to kill a president, Member of Parliament, bureaucrat, or police officer from a democratic regime, if killing is necessary to stop them from harming the innocent?
Philosophers and laypeople often assume not. They assume that in liberal democracies, only non-violent resistance to state injustice is permissible....The prevailing view is that, when it comes to government agents, the practice of killing in self-defense or defense of others is governed by different moral principles from those that govern defensive killing in other contexts.
A. Shooter in the Park A masked man emerges from a black van holding a rifle. He starts shooting at children in a public park. Ann, a bystander, has a gun. She kills him
B. Health Nut Health guru John sincerely believes caffeine is unhealthy, that it causes laziness, and that it induces people to use hard drugs. John announces that he and his followers will capture coffee drinkers, confiscate their belongings, and imprison them in John’s filthy basement for years. Ann, who is too poor to move away from town, loves coffee. She secretly drinks it in the morning in her kitchen. One day, a henchman breaks into her house and attempts to capture her. She struggles to defend herself, and, in the process, kills him.
C. Terrorist Cobra Commander, leader of the terrorist organization COBRA, has a device that allows him to launch the United States’nuclear arsenal against Russia. Ann, a private civilian, somehow stumbles upon COBRA’s secret control room.
I expect most people believe it’s permissible for Ann to kill the wrongdoers in A-C. Probably only radical pacifists would deny
D. Minivan Shooter Ann witnesses a police officer stop a minivan with a female driver and three children in the back. Ann sees that the woman is unarmed. The police officer emerges from his car and immediately starts shooting at the van’s windows. Ann has a gun.
E. War on Drugs Town leaders decide to make marijuana illegal, even though there is overwhelming evidence that marijuana is in every respect less harmful than alcohol, a drug that is legal for any adult to consume.
F. Hawk Ann, a janitor, happens to be cleaning the Situation Room when the president and his staff enter and lock the door. She hears the president inform the Joint Chiefs and his cabinet that he intends to unload the United States’nuclear arsenal on Russia..
Special Immunity Thesis: Democratic government agents enjoy a special immunity against being killed in self-defense or defense of others....The Moral Parity Thesis implies that if killing is permissible in any of the cases A-C, it is permissible in the analogous case from D-F.
Note that I focus solely on the ethics of defensive killing against immediate threats from democratic government agents. I am not here discussing punishment,
Many philosophers and activists believe that non-violent civil disobedience is both morally superior to and more effective than violent resistance in changing unjust laws. They might be correct, but that is not my concern here.