Seven TO CHANGE THE CHURCH
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How does one change an officially unchanging church?
Note:LA DOMANDA
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Very carefully, and by overwhelming consensus.
Note:RISPOSTA
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experience of the Second Vatican Council,
Note:COSA LA SUGGERISCE?
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on the issue of religious liberty,
Note:UN ESEMPIO
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reconcile the nineteenth-century papacy’s thundering denunciations of religious freedom with the 1960s-era church’s desire to make its peace with religious pluralism
Note:LA GRANDE RICONCILIAZ
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Dignitatis Humanae,
Note:IL DOCU DELLA LIBREL
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council’s reformers protested, asking Pope Paul VI to put the text to an open vote.
Note:PVI PENSÒ BENE CHE IL VOTO NN BASTAVA
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Paul VI showed prudential wisdom. The text was massaged to include more vocal affirmations of tradition,
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passed not just easily but overwhelmingly, by 2,308 votes to 70.
Note:SMUSSATO
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One of the dissenting votes was Marcel Lefebvre,
Note:LO SCISMA DELL HD
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Ecumenical councils are the only situation where Catholic teaching gets put to a vote
Note:IL VOTO NELLA CHIESA
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a permanent synod of bishops,
Note:VOLUTO DA PAPA VI
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that process could also provide a mechanism for changing the church’s answers to some questions,
Note:VISTO BENE DAI PROG
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The long pontificates of John Paul and Benedict had made the church’s bench of bishops more conservative,
Note:BEFFA PEE FRA
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Baldisseri made it clear that Kasper’s ideas would be on the synod’s agenda, and implied his own support for them.
Note:KASPER VA AL SINODO COL SUPPORTO DELLE GERARCHIE
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circulated a questionnaire to lay Catholics inviting criticisms of the church’s approach to family
Note:QUESTIONARIO PRE SINODO
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the press reported that his answer was “yes, go.”
Note:PAPAFRA RISPONDE A UNA DIVORISPO CHE CHIEDE LA COMUNIONE
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essays that began appearing in the Jesuit journal Civiltà Cattolica,
Note:ALTRA PROVA DI UN PAPA SCHIERATO
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Father Spadaro
Note:L AMICO LOQUACE
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in search of obscure case studies that might justify a Kasperite reform.
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conservatives began to argue publicly against Kasper. The loudest voice belonged to Raymond Burke,
Note:COMINCIA L OPPOSIZ
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a book-length volume, Remaining in the Truth of Christ,
Note:OPPOSIZIONE
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interventions from individual bishops would be screened in advance,
Note:CI SARÀ DIBATTITO? CONS ESCLUSI
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synod’s proceedings would be filtered to the public through the Vatican press office.
Note:MUSERUOLA
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Peter Erdo, were reportedly rewritten to include more quotes from Pope Francis
Note:LA BRUTTA FINE DI ERDO
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a hundred copies passed through the Vatican post office and most were never seen again.
Note:RITIRATO IL LIBRO DI BURKE
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Pope Francis announced the committee of six prelates who would hash out the synod’s final document. All but one were notable progressives,
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GLI ESTENSORI PROGS
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Víctor Manuel Fernández,
Note:ANCHE IL GHOST WRITER DEL PAPA
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Heal Me with Your Mouth: The Art of Kissing
Note:L OPERA PRINCIPALE
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warning against “evil pastors” who “lay intolerable burdens on the shoulders of others,
Note:ANATEMI DA SANTA MARTA
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there was a certain amount of suspicion, shading into paranoia, among the conservative
Note:PREOCCU...E PARANOIA
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stunned by its language. A “pastoral earthquake,”
Note:LA PRE RELAZIONE
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“It feels like a whole new church,”
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newspapers around the globe had announced that Pope Francis’s church was galloping toward change.
Note:SQUILLI DI TROMBE
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Gone was the language of mortal sin
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gone were phrases like “adultery” and “living in sin.”
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“lifestyle ecumenism
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raised the idea of communion for the remarried, not for same-sex couples
Note:LA RELATIO ALLA LETTERA...MA LO SPIRITO
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they did not recognize the synod they were attending
Note:LA RELATIO SCHOCKA
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“ask him, he wrote it.”
Note:ERDO INTERROGATO INDICA FORTE
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media accounts had outraced any ability to establish what the bishops really thought.
Note:SITUAZIONE IRRIMEDIABILE
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This African resistance
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The Africans were prisoners of their own societies’ totems and taboos,
Note:REAZIONE DA KASPER
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allegedly primitive Africans
Note:L ACCUSA
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went to the semi-cloistered Benedict, asking him to intervene.
Note:LA RICHIESTA DEI CONS
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objections were seconded by more moderate and even liberal cardinals, including two of the church’s consummate politicians—the archbishop of Washington, Donald Wuerl, and the pope’s secretary of state, Pietro Parolin.
Note:ANCHE I MODERATI CON I CONS
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rumors of arm-twisting
Note:PRESSIONI?
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rumors that the pope intended to dissolve or otherwise disempower his own Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith—
Note:ALTRI PETTEGOLEZZI
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an exile for the Kasper proposal’s staunchest critic.
Note:ASSEGNATI AI CAVALIERI DI MALTA
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The relatio’s language was rewritten,
Note:ALLA FINE I CONS OTTENGONO
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Kasper proposal was simply referred for further study,
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treat them with “respect and sensitivity.”
Note:UNICO RIFERIMENTO AGLI OMOSEX
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under synod rules they wouldn’t be included in the final document at all.
Note:I PARAGRAFI PIÙ PROB CON MENO DI 2/3 DEI VOTI
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the pope moved to offer his interpretation of the synod, in a closing speech
Note:L APPARENTE MEDIAZIONE
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“now we still have one year to mature, with true spiritual discernment, the proposed ideas
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FINE DEL SINODO
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incentives to downplay the significance of the conflict.
Note:CORSA A MINIMIZZARE
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response to conservative vexation mostly took a more-in-sorrow-than-in-anger tone: It was unfortunate that certain of their coreligionists could be so disloyal to the pope,
Note:DOLORE AOSTENTATO DAI LIBERAL
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Conservatives, meanwhile, could not but acknowledge the existence of a major conflict,
Note:CONS...CONFLITTO
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stopped short of drawing the obvious conclusion—that any “rigging” had been conducted with the full approval of the man in charge,
Note:NN SI ARRIVA AD ACCUSARE IL PAOA MA...
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The problem was not the pope himself; it could not be the pope himself.
Note:LA FORMULAZIO FINALE
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This argument was not really credible,
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“reformist pope at war with reactionary Vatican”
Note:IDEA DELLA STAMPA
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“the Spirit is moving”
Note:IDEA PROG
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“but don’t blame the pope”
Note:IDEA CONS
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he would retreat to the safer terrain of, say, annulment reform,
Note:SPERANZA DEI CONS NEL PAPA
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Burke was gone to the Knights of Malta but conservative figures such as Müller and Pell were still highly placed,
Note:SEGNALI POSITIVI
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statement on the environment and ecology filtered through Francis’s typical populist style,
Note:INTANTO ARRIVA LA LAUDATO A RASSICURARE I LIBERAL
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many conservative Catholics made a clear effort to receive the pope’s teaching,
Note:LO SFORZO
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Francis, in response, set about adding delegates who were well known for liberal sympathies,
Note:MOSSA PRIMA DELLA SECONDA ASSISE
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new guidelines for annulments,
Note:SECONDA MOSSA
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The fast-track option was a major liberalization of the church’s rules,
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turn down the temperature of the synod, to take Kasper’s proposal off the table
Note:SCOPO
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removing one potential middle ground by simply handing a victory to the liberalizers,
Note:MA L'EFFETTO REALE FU TUTT'ALTRO
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debate would take place behind closed doors,
Note:METODO SIMILE AL PRIMO SINODO...PER IL SECONDO
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Again there was a controversial text written by Baldisseri and Forte:
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But the conservatives were less surprised than in the fall of 2014, more organized, quicker to move
Note:REAZIONE IMMEDIATA
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warned against its broader drift, which the cardinals argued could effectively Protestantize the church:
Note:PELL
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The list of signatories to this warning was striking.
Note:OPPOSIZIONE...COMPRENDE IL PREFETTO
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the letter would make the conservatives look disloyal and leave them isolated on the synod floor.
Note:LA LETTERA PUBBLICIZZATA DA FRANCESCO
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Tornielli called a “lobby”
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“the hermeneutic of conspiracy,” which he called “sociologically weak and spiritually unhelpful.”
Note:PAROLE DEL PAPA
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Father Spadaro quoted it
Note:PAROLE DURE PRONUNCIATE PER ESSERE RESE PUBBLICHE ANCHE SE NON UFFICIALI
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Yet for all of this maneuvering it was still not at all clear that the Kasper proposal had anywhere close to the necessary support.
Note:LA CONCLUSIONE DI QUESTE SCHERMAGLIE
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Sandro Magister published the full text and list of signatories of the cardinals’ letter,
Note:LEAK
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a signal that their resistance had ample support among the cardinals.
Note:IL SEGNALE
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Müller compared it to the Vatileaks scandal,
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What It All Meant.
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Catholics now sided with the reluctant rebels,
Note:IERI PER I CONS IL PAPA AVEVA LA PAROLA FINALE
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Meanwhile, liberal Catholics had suddenly turned ultramontane:
Note:RUOLI ROVESCIATI
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There was also a striking irony in the contrast between Francis’s style—earthy, direct, populist—
Note:L'ARGOMENTO CONS E' IL PIù SEMPLICE E DIRETTO
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what the plain words of the New Testament said,
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In defense of a populist pope who scorned “doctors of the law,” liberals claimed that the Kasper proposal’s wisdom was something that only (liberal) doctors of theology could understand;
Note:IL CERVELLOTICO KASPER E IL POPULISTA BERGOGLIO UN'ALLEANZA SORPRENDENTE
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the lines of division were still the same as they’d been since the 1960s:
Note:A BEN VEDERE
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So there was no question of anything like Kasper’s original proposal
Note:SEMBRANO PREVALERE I CONS
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official tolerance for experimentation without fear of sanction from Rome.
Note:DOVE PUNTANO ORA I LIBERAL...DECENTRAMENTO
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Balked again, the reformers now retreated to a third approach: not a formal path back to communion, not a country-by-country decentralization of doctrine, but a pastor-by-pastor, case-by-case approach, which would distinguish the “external forum” of church teaching from the “internal forum” in which priests dealt with individual souls.
Note:RIMBALZATI I LIBERAL PROPONGONO UNA TERZA SOLUZIONE
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tacitly allowed communion for the remarried during the 1970s,
Note:UN RITORNO AL PASSATO TACITO
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interpretation of conscience’s primacy was hard to square with anything the church had previously taught
Note:INCOERENZE
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studiously ambiguous language: rich in promises of welcome and integration, but lacking in any explicit statement that the remarried could receive communion.
Note:SOFISMI PER UNA CONCESSIONE DI FATTO
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showed a sympathy toward returning the remarried to communion without welcoming them explicitly.
Note:COSA TRASPARE
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“Amid Splits, Catholic Bishops Crack Open Door on Divorce,”
Note:GIORNALI
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address to the synod, which read more like an outburst than a summation, from a leader angered in defeat.
Note:AL PAPA NON BASTA...E' INCAZZATO
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He compared them to the older brother in the parable of the prodigal and the jealous laborers in the parable of the vineyard workers, and that was the kind part.
Note:ATTACCO AI CONSERVATORI DAL PAPA...ARRABBIATURA FUORI POSTO LA DIVISIONE E' REALE ED E MEGLIO VEDERLA
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ended with the pontiff on the losing side of precisely the processes that he had championed.
Note:SCONFITTA... TEMOPORANEA?
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had turned bishops against bishops, theologians against theologians, and raised the stakes in the church’s internal conflict
Note:UN PAPA DI DIVISIONE
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The mood in Rome was paranoid and toxic; the mood within the hierarchy distrustful and disappointed. “If a conclave were to be held today, Francis would be lucky to get ten votes,”
SCONVOLTI DALLA GUERRA
