1 Who Decides Europe’s Values?
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difficult to establish a consensus on moral norms.
Note:SEMPRE PIÙ DIFFICILE
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Culture Wars
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family life, the role of religion, sexuality, marriage, the end of life, and abortion
Note:ESEMPI
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little consensus
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role of religion, particularly Christianity
Note:PRIMA AVVISAGLIA IN E LA QSONE DELLE RADICI
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Islam;
Note:ALTRO PROB
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multiculturalism;
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national sentiment.
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national sovereignty
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transnational outlook
Note:UE
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variety of recently enacted Hungarian laws violated the values of the EU.
Note:UN SIMBOLO
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the independence of the national central bank, the retirement age of judges, and the independence of the data protection
Note:3 TEMI SANZIONATI
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different visions of values.
Note:I MOTIVI DI FONDO
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a challenge to the secular, democratic, and liberal values of the EU.
Note:L ETICHETTA DEI COMMENTATORI FILO UE
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national and Christian traditions
Note:RIFERIMENTI IN COSTITUZ
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his government ‘took place on the basis of European values and principles
Note:PENSIERO DI ORBAN
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European values, there was a fundamental difference in the way they were interpreted.
Note:INTERPRETAZIONI
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Verhofstadt demanded that the EU’s Committee on Civil Rights,
Note:INCHIESTA SUI DIRITTI CIVILI
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His use of the term ‘our values’
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EU’s highly acclaimed celebration of the principle of diversity
Note:L IPOCRISIA
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diversity of values
Note:IL VALORE PIÙ TRASCURATO
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Daniel Cohn-Bendit
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you are going in the direction of Hugo Chavez, Fidel Castro,
Note:L ACCUSA DI COHN BENDIT
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declare that his values were no less European than those of his detractors.
Note:RISPOSTA
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Robert Schuman,
Note:IL PADRE FONDATORE UE CITATO DA O
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‘there will either be a Christian democracy in Europe or there will be no democracy at all’.
Note:LA CITAZIONE
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Europe is its culture’,
Note:PER O
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Orbán’s affirmation of traditional Christian values
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violated the spirit of the modern values of pluralism and diversity.
Note:OPPOSITORI
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the freedom of religion, the freedom of expression, equality
Note:I NUOVI VALORO X GLI ANTI O
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Christianity was entirely alien to the values of the EU.
Note:ALCUNI CRITICI DI O
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Marie-Christine Vergiat,
Note:SINISTRA ESTREMA...LA UE ANTICRISTIANA
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the outlook of the secular liberal and leftist post-war tradition.
Note:UNA TRADIZIONE...VERO MA MARGINALE...OGGI HA PRETESE DI MONOPOLIO
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no doubt about the foundational role of Christianity for this project.
Note:SCHUMAN
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Even Jacques Delors,
Note:2011…ANCHE LUI VALORI CRIST
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Lisbon Treaty
Note:IL RIFIUTO DI INDICARE DEI VALORI
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whatever the EU meant, it was not a community of shared values.
Note:CONCLUSIONE
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‘although there were some fireworks, they mostly came from MEPs on the ideological left and not from Orbán himself,
Note:UNICO EQUILIBRATO IL FT
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The rhetoric of alarm
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positive orientation towards religious or national traditions was likely to be perceived as out of step
Note:NELLA CULTURA UE
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Hungary under its Fidesz government has become a tiresome member
Note:ORMAI UN FASTIDIO
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the terms ‘nationalist’ and ‘populist’ represent maladies that afflict public life.
Note:PER I POLITICI UE
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The Culture Wars in perspective
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nationalist’ and ‘populist’
Note:PERSO IL SIGNIFICATO TRAD
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nationalism is the natural companion of xenophobia.
Note:SOTTINTESO
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EU political class justifies its anti-nationalist rhetoric by pointing to the dangers of racist xenophobic
Note:SPAURACCHIO
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EU regards the principle of national sovereignty as the driver of Euroscepticism
Note:NAZIONALISMO=>EUROSCETTICISMO
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Herman van Rompuy,
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‘Euroscepticism leads to war’,
Note:HVR
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such an outlook inevitably encouraged the revival of the aggressive nationalism
Note:L EFFETTO COLLATERAL
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based on insulating decision-makers from direct public pressure
Note:L ISTITUZIONE EUROPEA
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the populist revolt against the unaccountability of the elites’.
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RIVOLTA CONTRO IL RAZIONALISMO LIBERALE ELITISTA
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any criticism of substance directed at the EU is automatically dismissed as a threat to the stability
Note:L ACCUSA DI EUROSCETTICISMO BUONA X TUTTE LE STAGIONI
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A serious critic of the EU courted condemnation for being, by definition, a right-wing extremist.
Note:AUTOMATICO
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to criticize the EU
Note:MISSIONE IMPOSSIBILE
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rhetoric of condemnation
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anti-nationalist and anti-populist values was a non-negotiable part of the deal.
Note:VALORI NN NEGOZIABILI
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they were ‘expected to forge enduring partnerships and avoid alliances with extremists, Euro-sceptics,
Note:INGERENZA NEI GOVERNI
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Domestic debates on the values that would define Hungarian society
Note:SOSPESO X ENTRARE NELLA UE
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The ‘Copenhagen Criteria’ outlined procedures that candidate countries to the EU
Note:L ESAME
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the willingness of the candidate state to accept and promote European values.
Note:UN CRITERIO
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vague and abstract reference to ‘democratic values’
Note:TUTTO INDETERMINATO
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acceptance of EU conditionality was characterized as a triumph for liberal values.
Note:LA TRADUZIONE IN PRATICA
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the right to choose between alternatives.
Note:VIOLATO UN PRINCIPIO LIBERALE
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the population was informed that the policies and values adopted to meet the Copenhagen criteria were not so much good but necessary.
Note:INFORMATIVA
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little opportunity for the people of East Europe to express reservation
Note:NO DISCUSSIONE
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From the turn of the twenty-first century
Note:COMINCIA LA RIBELLIONE CULTURALE DELL EST
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Weak normative power of the EU
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Hungary, and for that matter Poland, are beyond the pale.
Note:PER l ÉLITE DELLA UE NN LEGITTIMATI
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it represents an existential threat to the EU.
Note:L UNGH X GUY
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a threat to its integrity.
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regularly exhorts the EU to punish Hungary
Note:ALCUNI POLITOLOGI
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use an ethnocentric language that condemns not merely these nations’ governments but also their people.
Note:I CRITICI
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on the wrong side of the Culture War.
Note:L ACCUSA DI FATTO
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racism, ignorance, bigotry’.
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has recognized that what is at stake is a conflict over values;
Note:PER LO MENO IN QS MODO SI RICONOSCE
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more comfortable with promoting an economic justification for their cause than in attempting to win support for an explicit system of shared values.
Note:GLI ARTEFICI DEL PASSATO
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avoid an explicit engagement with the domain of values.
Note:NEI 50 60
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European transnational institutions were also the progeny of the Cold War.
Note:ALTRA FONTE
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advocates of the European project realized that reliance on economics alone was not enough
Note:DAI 70
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The economic crisis of 1973
Note:LO SPARTIACQUEE... ANDARE OLTRE L ECONOMIA
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try to supplement its economic authority with a series of cultural initiatives.
Note:RISPONDERE ALLE CRISI
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something else was needed
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limits of economics for maintaining and developing the political unity
Note:PREOCCUPAZIONE
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New Narrative for Europe,
Note:DOCUMENTO 2013
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the end of the Cold War
Note:NUOVO SPARTIACQUEE
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the practice of technocratic governance needed to be supplemented by a political narrative
Note:FAR ACCETTARE LA TECNOCRAZIA
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‘implicit consent’ had to be replaced by a more explicit engagement with public life.
Note:COLONIZZARE LE MENTI
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to inspire people to adopt a more explicit identification with the EU.
Note:IDENTIFICARSI
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rebranding the EU through a ‘new narrative’.
Note:AL POSTO DI PIÙ DEMOCRAZIA
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Rendering values explicit
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The problem with the Hungarian government was not so much its advocacy of traditional values
Note:L UNGHERIA SI OPPONE IN UN AMBOTO NN NORMAT
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Why were Europe’s shared values hidden by political leaders committed to the cause of European unification?
Note:L OCCULTAMENTO...PERCHÈ?
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European unification was entwined with the aspiration to break away from the legacy of the past
Note:CONTRADIZIONE
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attitude that regarded the values and traditions of the past with suspicion.
Note:EFFETTO COLLATERALE
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founders of the EU looked to expert and technocratic
Note:ALTERNATIVA ALLA TRADIZOONE
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Traditional values were not so much explicitly rejected as evaded and depoliticized.
Note:LA SORTE DEI VALORI
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One of the accomplishments of the 1960s cultural revolution was to provide an explicit narrative for the devaluation of traditional
Note:UN LASCITO DEI SESSANTA ADATTO ALKA UE
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Eric Hobsbawm wrote of a ‘cultural revolution’,
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‘what children could learn from parents
Note:SOSPETTO
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parents did not know and children did’.
Note:MEGLIO
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1968 destroyed more values than did the Third Reich’.
Note:ADENAUER F
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exiling the past and its traditions
Note:OPERAZIONE
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In academic literature, morally framed arguments tend to be treated with contempt and scorn.
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ACCUSA DI MORALISMO
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‘moral’ is deployed to signify that a particular phenomenon should not be taken seriously.
Note:ROWE
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moral are perceived by policy makers as divisive
Note:ALLORA
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Debates about values often acquire an acrimonious character.
Note:ACRIMONIA
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Hungary had placed the question of values back on the political agenda.
Note:IL RITORNO
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‘There is something that I call a hidden or a secret Europe’,
Note:X ORBAN
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debate over cultural and political correctness
Note:IL NEOMORALISMO
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The problem of the past
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internationally respected norms of human rights’
Note:LA BASE DEL NUOVO MORALISMO
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Transnational constitutionalism presents itself as a value-neutral expression of the rule of law.
Note:PAURA DEL MORALISMO
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ideologically neutral’.
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the text of the constitution tries to connect the neutral state institutions with society’s cultural-moral order,
Note:I SOSTENITORI DELLA C UNGH
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The very fact that in its debate of Hungary, the European Parliament raised the question of whether or not the Constitution violated the EU’s values was an implicit recognition of the fact that it was far from value-neutral.
L IMPOSSIBILE NEUTRALISMO
